State Ministers Conference28th October 2010
Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi
Total Sanitation Campaign
Arun Kumar Misra
Secretary
Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India
Presentation Outline
• Sanitation Scenario in India
• TSC Performance
• Issues of Concern
• Issues for deliberations
2Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
What is Sanitation?
• Personal & Household Level
–Personal hygiene
– Safe handling of drinking water
–Domestic sanitation & food hygiene
– Safe disposal of human & animal excreta
• Community
– Safe disposal of waste water
–Management of solid waste
–Clean environment
3Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
Sanitation Scenario in India
1981 – IHHL coverage in rural
India- 1%
2001 Census – IHHL Coverage
in rural India - 22%
2010- Online reporting under
TSC - 67% rural IHHL coverage
( As of September 2010)
8-9% annual Growth has been
achieved in first three years of
11th Plan
4Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
Year-wise IHHL Coverage(2000-01 to 2010-11 Upto Sep’2010)
•The progress for the year 2010-11 is upto Sep, 2010. The progress in this year appears less due to revision in project
objectives from 12.01 crore as of March 2010 to 12.57 crore of Sep, 2010.
• 47 lakh Households have been provided with sanitation facility in current year as against 48 lakh during the last year
till Sept.
79
98
Basis of Percentage Rural Sanitation Coverage
Households having Sanitation Facilities as per Census 2001= 3.03 Cr
Households identified without Toilets under TSC till June’10 =12.57 Cr
Households provided with sanitation facilities under TSC = 7.41 Cr
Total Households having sanitation facilities as of Sept’10 = 10.43 Cr
Total HHs (HHs with Toilet as per Census+ HHs without toilet under TSC) = 15.60 Cr
% Sanitation Coverage=(Total HHs with Toilet/Total HHs)*100= (10.43/15.60)*100
= 66.89%
6
TSC - Physical Performance (April 2001 - September 2010)
For 607 districts
Item Project Objectives
Achievement Balance % of Balance
IHHL 12.57crore 7.07 crore 5.49 crore
43.70%
School Toilets 13.14 lakh 10.33 lakh 2.81 lakh 21.38%
Anganwadi Toilets
5,06,968 3,47,077 1,59,891 31.53%
Community Complex
33,684 19,509 14,175 42.08%
7
• Sanitation Coverage has increased from 39.03% in 2006-07 to 66.89% in 2010-11(Upto September, 2010)
• Annual increase in Sanitation Coverage– 2009-10- 7.83%– 2008-09- 9.51%– 2007-08 - 8.99%
• States that have registered growth more than national average i.e. 7.83% in the year 2009-10– Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Chhatisgarh, Uttar
Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Nagaland
ACHIEVEMENTS IN SANITATION COVERAGE
State-wise achievement in IHHLs during April-September-2009 & April-September-2010
42
77
29
53
40
12
70
67
41
52
72
18
06
39
0 0
30
82
40
12
44
84 1
91
06
4
45
24
17
36
86
33
51
14
53
67
0
59
17
48
36
87
47
83
13
12
18
7
68
97
15
49
19
39
59
20
8 35
26
1
24
39
92
0
36
17
07
97
78
50
65
51
42
49
1
14
60
50
25
28
64
15
77
7
16
22
79
34
02
81
11
18
67
0 0
20
23
97
47
03
6
61
91
1
46
20
6
17
91
75
30
60
21
27
66
54
12
12
13
62
17
17
25
0
13
50
4
16
11
12
91
4
54
71
48
77
44
62
2
38
16
70
0
27
84
56
17
50
2
67
69
86
45
87
9
23
09
32
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
AN
DH
RA
PR
AD
ESH
AR
UN
AC
HA
L P
RA
DES
H
ASS
AM
BIH
AR
CH
HA
TTIS
GA
RH
D &
N H
AV
ELI
GO
A
GU
JAR
AT
HA
RYA
NA
HIM
AC
HA
L P
RA
DES
H
JAM
MU
& K
ASH
MIR
JHA
RK
HA
ND
KA
RN
ATA
KA
KER
ALA
MA
DH
YA P
RA
DES
H
MA
HA
RA
SHTR
A
MA
NIP
UR
MEG
HA
LAYA
MIZ
OR
AM
NA
GA
LAN
D
OR
ISSA
PU
DU
CH
ERR
Y
PU
NJA
B
RA
JAST
HA
N
SIK
KIM
TAM
IL N
AD
U
TRIP
UR
A
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AR
PR
AD
ESH
UTT
AR
AK
HA
ND
WES
T B
ENG
AL
IHHL-Ach(Apr-Sep-2009) IHHL-Ach(Apr-Sep-2010)
% State-wise achievement in IHHLs
All India (50.84%)
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00D
& N
HA
VE
LI
PU
DU
CH
ER
RY
MA
NIP
UR
JAM
MU
& K
AS
HM
IR
BIH
AR
AS
SA
M
NA
GA
LA
ND
ME
GH
AL
AY
A
JHA
RK
HA
ND
AR
UN
AC
HA
L P
RA
DE
SH
OR
ISS
A
RA
JAS
TH
AN
CH
HA
TT
ISG
AR
H
KA
RN
AT
AK
A
UT
TA
RA
KH
AN
D
RU
RA
L I
ND
IA
MA
DH
YA
PR
AD
ES
H
WE
ST
BE
NG
AL
PU
NJA
B
MA
HA
RA
SH
TR
A
AN
DH
RA
PR
AD
ES
H
UT
TA
R P
RA
DE
SH
MIZ
OR
AM
GU
JAR
AT
TA
MIL
NA
DU
GO
A
HA
RY
AN
A
TR
IPU
RA
HIM
AC
HA
L P
RA
DE
SH
KE
RA
LA
SIK
KIM
1.4
9 12
.60
16
.26
18
.71
22
.96
31
.65
36
.11
38
.01
38
.05
39
.37
44
.87
44
.95
50
.18
54
.86
55
.77
56
.29
59
.82
60
.60
62
.85
62
.98
63
.58
64
.54
70
.30
70
.48
72
.25
74
.47 8
7.3
6
90
.53
98
.81
10
0.0
0
10
0.0
0
<35% (6)
36-50% (7)
51-75% (12)
>75% (5)
% Share of the States out of the total balance target to achieve 100% rural sanitation coverage (5.49 Crore)
All India (50.84%)
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
BIH
AR
UT
TA
R P
RA
DE
SH
WE
ST
BE
NG
AL
OR
ISS
A
RA
JAS
TH
AN
AN
DH
RA
PR
AD
ES
H
MA
HA
RA
SH
TR
A
MA
DH
YA
PR
AD
ES
H
KA
RN
AT
AK
A
TA
MIL
NA
DU
AS
SA
M
JHA
RK
HA
ND
CH
HA
TT
ISG
AR
H
GU
JAR
AT
JAM
MU
& K
AS
HM
IR
PU
NJA
B
UT
TA
RA
KH
AN
D
HA
RY
AN
A
MA
NIP
UR
ME
GH
AL
AY
A
NA
GA
LA
ND
AR
UN
AC
HA
L P
RA
DE
SH
TR
IPU
RA
MIZ
OR
AM
PU
DU
CH
ER
RY
GO
A
HIM
AC
HA
L P
RA
DE
SH
D &
N H
AV
EL
I
KE
RA
LA
SIK
KIM
15
.65
13
.33
8.3
2
7.0
7
6.9
9
6.8
0
6.5
5
6.1
9
4.8
2
4.3
7
4.2
0
4.2
0
3.0
7
2.8
9
2.1
7
0.7
9
0.7
1
0.4
8
0.4
0
0.3
4
0.2
5
0.1
5
0.1
1
0.0
6
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
Note : Less than 0.01 % balance target is shown 0
12
Financial Progress ( Rs. in crore)
19626
12274
5206
2146
10637
5871
3231
1535
8365
4736
2525
1104
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Total Centre State Community/ Users
Outlay Release Expenditure
Up to 19.10.10
13
State wise Centre release and expenditure ( Rs. in crore)
Up to 19.10.10 4
67
.34
25
.78
26
7.9
3
42
4.6
5
22
9.0
6
0.0
3
1.7
2
24
2.0
0
90
.44
44
.25
44
.83
20
1.7
1
21
0.3
5
84
.38
48
4.6
7
43
9.9
5
23
.49
31
.83
22
.19
18
.25
36
8.1
9
0.9
5
18
.08
20
7.8
1
11
.23
32
5.2
9
46
.35
11
77
.60
36
.95
32
3.3
1
31
2.7
3
17
.47
17
3.1
4
33
2.0
3
19
7.6
2
0.0
2
1.5
0
21
2.6
2
74
.58
31
.12
36
.17
15
8.7
1
16
2.1
8
73
.67
40
0.3
3
37
2.3
9
13
.51
25
.14
18
.92
17
.42
25
4.7
7
0.7
9
8.7
7
14
7.2
5
10
.10
31
8.0
4
35
.68
10
41
.69
30
.38
25
7.5
6
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1000.00
1200.00
1400.00
AN
DH
RA
PR
AD
ESH
AR
UN
AC
HA
L P
RA
DES
H
ASS
AM
BIH
AR
CH
HA
TTIS
GA
RH
D &
N H
AV
ELI
GO
A
GU
JAR
AT
HA
RYA
NA
HIM
AC
HA
L P
RA
DES
H
JAM
MU
& K
ASH
MIR
JHA
RK
HA
ND
KA
RN
ATA
KA
KER
ALA
MA
DH
YA P
RA
DES
H
MA
HA
RA
SHTR
A
MA
NIP
UR
MEG
HA
LAYA
MIZ
OR
AM
NA
GA
LAN
D
OR
ISSA
PU
DU
CH
ERR
Y
PU
NJA
B
RA
JAST
HA
N
SIK
KIM
TAM
IL N
AD
U
TRIP
UR
A
UTT
AR
PR
AD
ESH
UTT
AR
AK
HA
ND
WES
T B
ENG
AL
Centre Release Centre Exp.
Institutional Coverage (Schools)
Meghalaya, , Jammu & Kashmir, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Goa, Nagaland, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Tripura, Tamilnadu and Manipur
78.61
21.39
Covered
Un-covered
% State-wise achievement in School Toilets
All India (50.84%)
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
ME
GH
AL
AY
A
JAM
MU
& K
AS
HM
IR
BIH
AR
HIM
AC
HA
L P
RA
DE
SH
WE
ST
BE
NG
AL
GO
A
NA
GA
LA
ND
MA
DH
YA
PR
AD
ES
H
UT
TA
RA
KH
AN
D
TR
IPU
RA
TA
MIL
NA
DU
MA
NIP
UR
Ru
ral I
nd
ia
HA
RY
AN
A
UT
TA
R P
RA
DE
SH
GU
JAR
AT
RA
JAS
TH
AN
JHA
RK
HA
ND
AN
DH
RA
PR
AD
ES
H
AS
SA
M
CH
HA
TT
ISG
AR
H
OR
ISS
A
AR
UN
AC
HA
L P
RA
DE
SH
MA
HA
RA
SH
TR
A
KA
RN
AT
AK
A
PU
NJA
B
KE
RA
LA
MIZ
OR
AM
SIK
KIM
33
.03
51
.81
57
.32
58
.49
59
.09
61
.01
61
.74
65
.06
65
.48
67
.20
72
.81
72
.98
78
.61
79
.60
83
.60
85
.69
85
.84
86
.43
86
.60
91
.92
92
.26
93
.35
95
.31
96
.42
97
.07
98
.26
99
.86
10
0.0
0
10
0.0
0
<60%(5)60-75%(7)
100%(2)76-99%(14)
Institutional Coverage (Anganwadis)
Jammu & Kashmir, Goa, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pd, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Mizoram, Nagaland and Assam
68.46
31.54
Covered
Un-covered
% State-wise achievement in Anganwadi Toilets
All India (50.84%)
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
JAM
MU
& K
AS
HM
IR
GO
A
BIH
AR
UT
TA
RA
KH
AN
D
ME
GH
AL
AY
A
WE
ST
BE
NG
AL
PU
NJA
B
AN
DH
RA
PR
AD
ES
H
HIM
AC
HA
L P
RA
DE
SH
JHA
RK
HA
ND
RA
JAS
TH
AN
MIZ
OR
AM
NA
GA
LA
ND
AS
SA
M
RU
RA
L I
ND
IA
MA
DH
YA
PR
AD
ES
H
MA
NIP
UR
HA
RY
AN
A
OR
ISS
A
UT
TA
R P
RA
DE
SH
TA
MIL
NA
DU
AR
UN
AC
HA
L P
RA
DE
SH
KE
RA
LA
TR
IPU
RA
MA
HA
RA
SH
TR
A
CH
HA
TT
ISG
AR
H
GU
JAR
AT
KA
RN
AT
AK
A
PU
DU
CH
ER
RY
SIK
KIM
8.6
0
10
.60
16
.71
18
.68
21
.83
24
.35
31
.67
38
.76
41
.22
46
.14
52
.53
59
.11
61
.37
62
.41
68
.46
72
.38
75
.10
79
.33
80
.13
80
.73
86
.00
86
.55
90
.66
91
.45
94
.32
96
.45
96
.93
97
.92
10
0.0
0
10
0.0
0
100 %(2)
<50%(10)
50-65%(4)
75-99%(13)
Total GPs,
250000
NGP Awarded
so far, 22443
Outcomes: No. of NGP Awarded GPs
ANDHRA PRADESH, 1087
ARUNACHAL PRADESH, 14
ASSAM, 24
BIHAR, 198
CHHATTISGARH, 521
GUJARAT, 1670
HARYANA, 989
HIMACHAL PRADESH,
520
JAMMU AND
KASHMIR, 12
JHARKHAND, 225
KARNATAKA, 845
KERALA, 870
MADHYA PRADESH, 1512
MAHARASHTRA, 8387
MANIPUR, 2
MEGHALAYA, 63
MIZORAM, 31
NAGALAND, 50
ORISSA, 155
PUNJAB, 96
RAJASTHAN, 207
SIKKIM, 164
TAMIL NADU, 2097
TRIPURA, 113
UTTAR PRADESH, 1132
Issues of Concern
India Still Leads In Open Defecation.
Out of 1.1 billion, 58% of people practicing open defecation globally in 2008 were in India
Source : JMP Report 2010
Percentage of open defecation highest in India among South Asian countries (Joint Monitoring program of WHO and UNICEF Report 2010 ,figures upto March 2008)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ind
ia
Nep
al
Pak
ista
n
Afg
han
ista
n
Bh
uta
n
Ban
glad
esh
Mal
div
es
Sri L
anka
69
60
40
20
11 84 1
% of Open Defecation in Rural areas in South Asian countries (2008)
21Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
22Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
Population growth undermining service provisions
Despite adding 103 million new users as per WHO-Unicef Data since the year 2000, more than 578 million in rural areas still defecate in open
593 578
157 260
0100200300400500600700800900
2000 2008Population using toilet Population defecating in open
Population using toilet and population defecating in open (in million)
750838
Usage Lags Behind Access
Access and use of household toilets in NGP Villages(As per TARU-Unicef Study-2008 conducted in six states and 162 GPs )
88%
100%
82%79%
55%
80% 81%77%
39%
65%61%
39%
63% 63%
Andhra Pradesh
Chattisgarh Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh West Bengal All States
Hhs with Individual Household Toilet Hhs with Functional Household Toilet
Note : Even NGP in its present form has not been a solution to ensure ODF communities
ACCESS TO TOILETS IN NGP VILLAGES
(As per preliminary findings of CMS study 2010 conducted in 664 GPs
in12 states )
Poor Technical/Engineering Work
Reasons for disuse of household toilets
Poor/ Unfinished installation, 31%
No Super Structure, 14%
Blockage, Pan choked, poor
disposable arrangement,
26%
Lack of behaviour
change, 18%
Wrong location, 5%
Lack of water, 9%
Destroyed by Flood, 3%
REASONS FOR DYSFUNCTIONAL TOILETS
(As per preliminary findings of CMS study 2010 conducted in 664
NGPs in12 states)
Fu
nct
ion
alit
y
27Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
Not Reaching the PoorestTrends in sanitation wealth quintiles
(Unicef-WHO- JMP Report 2010)
Note : Access to Sanitation not increasing proportionately among
the poorest of the poor
POVERY CONTINUES TO BE A CURSE
REASONS FOR NO INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLD LATRINE (IHHL)
(As per preliminary findings of CMS study 2010 conducted in 664 NGPs in12
states)
Failure of IEC and non-involvement of PRIs across India
Motivating Factors for creating sanitation facility
(As per preliminary findings of CMS study 2010 conducted in 664
NGPs in12 states)
Mo
tiva
tin
g f
acto
rs f
or
latr
ine
con
stru
ctio
n
Sanitation Influences all MDGs
Poverty
• Economic loss on account of health, education, productivity, tourism,environmental impacts of lack of sanitation estimated at 2% of GDP incase of South East Asian countries by WB
Primary Education
The WHO estimates that 194 million schooldays, resulting from fewerincidents of diarrhoea, would be gained annually if the MDGs forsanitation were met. (Bartram, Hutton and Haller, WHO 2004.)
Poor sanitation contributes to the high malnutrition among childrenwhich is 40% (NFHS-III, 2005-06)
Combating Diseases
5 of the 10 top killer diseases of children aged 1-5 are mainly causedby poor sanitation, inadequate water supply and poor personalhygiene: Diarrhoea, Jaundice, Malaria, Schistosomiasis, Hookworm,and Ascariasis claim thousands of lives every day (UNICEF Fact Sheet2008)
Health & Child Mortality
Poor hygiene affects the respiratory system and aggregates the acuterespiratory infections which is 6% among children (NFHS-III, 2005-06)
Poor hygiene and lack of sanitation and unsafe drinking watercontribute to about 88% of diarrhea deaths contributing 17% ofchild deaths (UNICEF/WHO )
Environmental Sustainability
• 55% of the population still defecates in open that annually generatesmore than 36 million metric tones of human excreta and 11 million to14.6 million metric tones solid waste generated annually in rural areasalone; major threat to environment cleanliness (SLWM in Rural Areas,Technical Note , UNICEF & RGNDWM, 2007)
30
Pneumonia
19%
Malaria
8%
Other, 10%
Injuries, 3%
Measles 4%
Diarrhoea
17%
HIV/AIDS
3%
Neonatal
37%
Poor hygiene, lack of
access to sanitation
and unsafe drinking
water together
contribute to about
88% of diarrhoea
deaths
>50%
Attributable to
Undernutrition
Causes of Mortality among under-five Children
From the preceding it is clear that :
Approx. 9% growth per year is being achieved in the last 3 years and assuch 100% achievement by GoI numbers is likely to go up to 2015. If wetake the numbers as accepted by JMP, the period is likely to be longer
A large per cent (37%) of the toilets already provided are not being used
Unfortunately, the Campaign has bye-passed the poorest .Neither theextension of IEC activity or the subsidy has been able to make anychanges.
Major works still needs to be done in States of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh,West Bengal, Orissa, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, MadhyaPradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Assam and Jharkhand
Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation
The Conference should seek to discuss
How to accelerate the physical implementation of theprogramme ?
Deliberate on a time-frame when 100% ODF is attainable
Deliberate, if any changes in policy guidelines or support structureneeds to be effected
Deliberate, how best to involve the Panchayat Raj System, CivilSociety, School Children and other influential groups in theCampaign
Deliberate, if any changes need to be made in the NGP Guidelines
Deliberate, if there is a need for a change in the IEC activities ,andabove all
How to provide effective political leadership to the wholeprogramme ?
Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation
33
LET US TOGETHER MAKE
Thank you
Sanitation is more important
than IndependenceCleanliness is next to
Godliness
