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States of MatterStates of Matter
There are There are FourFour States of States of MatterMatter
• SolidSolid
• LiquidLiquid
• GasGas
• PlasmaPlasma
SolidsSolids• Particles are Particles are veryvery close close
togethertogether• Have Have orderly, fixedorderly, fixed
arrangementsarrangements• FixedFixed volumes due to volumes due to
fixedfixed positions positions• Particles can only Particles can only vibratevibrate
in positionin position
LiquidsLiquids
• More More randomrandom arrangement arrangement of particles than solids.of particles than solids.
• Particles are Particles are looselyloosely held held together by together by attractiveattractive forcesforces between particles, between particles, but can move past one but can move past one another.another.
• Result: Liquids can flow into Result: Liquids can flow into anyany shape, but have a shape, but have a definitedefinite volume volume
Attractive forces between Attractive forces between liquid particles may result in:liquid particles may result in:• CohesionCohesion
– Attraction for each otherAttraction for each other
• AdhesionAdhesion– Attraction to other materialsAttraction to other materials
• Capillary ActionCapillary Action– Ability to “climb” due to cohesion and Ability to “climb” due to cohesion and
adhesionadhesion
• Surface TensionSurface Tension– Force that act on the surface of a liquid Force that act on the surface of a liquid
and that tends to minimize the area of and that tends to minimize the area of the surfacethe surface
GasGas• Essentially Essentially
independentindependent particles.particles.
• LargeLarge space between space between particles result in particles result in littlelittle to to nono attraction attraction between particles.between particles.
• Result: Gases can Result: Gases can flow into flow into anyany shape, shape, and have and have nono definitedefinite volumevolume
PlasmaPlasma
• SupercriticalSupercritical fluid fluid
• Occurs at very high Occurs at very high temperaturestemperatures and very high and very high pressurespressures
• Has properties of both the Has properties of both the liquidliquid phase and the phase and the gasgas phase phase
Changing StatesChanging States
Deposition
Sublimation
Melting
Freezing
Evaporation
Condensation
Chemical Changes verses Chemical Changes verses Physical ChangesPhysical Changes
PhysicalPhysical Changes Changes
• A change of matter from one form to A change of matter from one form to another another withoutwithout a change in chemical a change in chemical propertiesproperties
• A A AA• Does the chemical nature of the substance Does the chemical nature of the substance
change?change?– NoNo
• Examples: Examples: phase changes, making phase changes, making solutionssolutions
ChemicalChemical Changes Changes• A change that occurs when one or more A change that occurs when one or more
substances change into substances change into entirelyentirely new new substances with substances with differentdifferent properties properties
• A + B A + B CC ( (reactantsreactants go to go to productsproducts))
• Does the chemical nature of the Does the chemical nature of the substance change?substance change?– YesYes– Example: Example: Electrolysis of hydrogen and Electrolysis of hydrogen and
oxygen gases to make wateroxygen gases to make water
Formation of a gas
Formation of a Precipitate (solid)
An Unexpected Color Change
Release or Absorption of Energy
Chemical or PhysicalChemical or Physical
• Frying an egg - ChemicalFrying an egg - Chemical
• Boiling Water - PhysicalBoiling Water - Physical
• Sanding a wooden plank - PhysicalSanding a wooden plank - Physical
• Digesting food - ChemicalDigesting food - Chemical
• Popping a balloon - PhysicalPopping a balloon - Physical