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Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

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l GOALS 1. Define a hypothesis and hypothesis testing. 2. Describe the five step hypothesis testing procedure. 3. Distinguish between a one-tailed and a two- tailed test of hypothesis. 4. Conduct a test of hypothesis about a population mean. 5. Conduct a test of hypothesis about a population proportion. 6. Define Type I and Type II errors. 7. Compute the probability of a Type II error. Chapter Ten One-Sample Tests of One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis Hypothesis
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Page 1: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

l

GOALS1. Define a hypothesis and hypothesis testing.2. Describe the five step hypothesis testing

procedure.3. Distinguish between a one-tailed and a two-

tailed test of hypothesis.4. Conduct a test of hypothesis about a

population mean.5. Conduct a test of hypothesis about a

population proportion.6. Define Type I and Type II errors.7. Compute the probability of a Type II error.

Chapter TenOne-Sample Tests of One-Sample Tests of HypothesisHypothesis

Page 2: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

What is a Hypothesis? Hypothesis adalah pernyataan tentang nilai

parameter sebuah populasi yang dibuat untuk di uji atau diverifikasi.

Contoh hipothesis yang dibuat sebagai parameter populasi: Rata-rata pendapatan bulanan manajer bank

adalah Rp 10 juta. 20% dari semua pengunjung Wapo akan kembali

datang dalam waktu satu bulan.

Page 3: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

What is Hypothesis Testing? Hypothesis testing (pengujian hipothesis)

adalah prosedur, berdasarkan bukti sampel dan teori probabilitas, yang digunakan untuk menentukan apakah suatu hipothesis merupakan pernyataan yang masuk akal dan tidak ditolak, atau tidak masuk akal dan seharusnya ditolak.

Page 4: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Hypothesis Testing stepsStep 1: Buat hipothesis nol (H 0) dan alternatif (H 1)

Step 2: Tentukan t ingkat signif ikansi ( level of signif icance) α

Step 3: identif ikasi uj i stat istik yang sesuai

Step 4: Rumuskan aturan keputusan

Step 5: Ambil sampel, tetunkan keputusan

Tidak menolak H 0 Menolak H0 dan menerima H1

Page 5: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

1: Buat hipothesis nol (H0) dan alternatif (H1)

Hypothesis Nol H0: sebuah pernyataan tentang nilai sebuah parameter populasi.

Hypothesis Alternatif H1: sebuah pernyataan yang diterima jika data sampel memberikan bukti bahwa Hypothesis Nol adalah salah.

gunakan pernyataan/klaim sbg H1

Page 6: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Ho H1 or Ha Test of Signif icance

1 = ≠ Two-tailed2 ≤

=> One-tailed (right side)

3 ≥=

< One-tailed (left side)

Page 7: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

2. Tentukan tingkat signifikansi (α)

Level of Significance (α) : probabilitas atau kemungkinan menolak Hypothesis Nol yang sebenarnya betul.

Type I Error (α) : Menolak hypotheis Nol ketika sebernarnya hypothesis tersebut sebenarnya Betul. Level of significance (α) merupakan probablitas

maksimum terjadinya type I error. Type II Error (β) : Menerima hypothesis Nol

ketika sebenarnya Salah.

Page 8: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Type of Error

State of nature

Null true Null false

Decision based on

the sample stat ist ic

Don’t reject null

Correct decision

Type II error

Reject null Type I error

Correct decision

Page 9: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

3. Tentukan uji statistik yang sesuai

Uji statistik: sebuah nilai, ditentukan berdasarkan informasi sampel, digunakan untuk menentukan apakah menolak Hipothesis Nol (H0) atau tidak.

Page 10: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

One-Tailed Tests of Significance Sebuah pengujian adalah one-tailed (satu

ujung) ketika hypothesis alternatif, H1 , menyatakan satu arah, seperti: H1: Rata-rata komisi tahunan seorang karyawan

adalah lebih dari 35 juta. (µ>35 juta) H1: Rata-rata kecepatan truk di Kota Surabaya

adalah kurang dari 60 kpj. (µ<60) H1: Kurang dari 20% pembeli premium membayar

dengan kartu kredit (π < 0.20)

Page 11: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

0 1 2 3 4

CriticalValuez=1.65

0.95 probabil i ty

Sampling Distribution for the Statistic Z for aOne Tailed Test, .05 Level of Signif icance

Rejection regionReject the null i f the test statistic fal ls into this region.

0.05 probabil i ty

Page 12: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Two-Tailed Tests of Significance

Sebuah pengujian adalah two-tailed (dua ujung) ketika tidak ada arah tertentu dalam hypothesis alternatif H1 , seperti: H1: rata-rata uang belanja yang dihabiskan

pembeli di DTC Wonokromo tidak sama dengan Rp 30,000. (µ ≠ Rp30,000).

H1: rata-rata harga minyak per gallon tidak sama dengan $1.54. (µ ≠ $1.54).

Page 13: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Copyright© 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

CriticalValuez=1.96

.95 probabil i ty

Sampling Distribution for the Statistic Z for aTwo Tailed Test, .05 Level of Signif icance

Rejection region #2

Reject the null i f the test statist ic fal ls into these two regions.

Rejection region #1

.025 probabil i ty.025 probabil i ty

Crit icalValuez=-1.96

Page 14: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

4. Rumuskan aturan keputusan

Nilai Kritis (Critical value): Titik yang membagi area dimana Ho ditolak dan area dimana Ho tidak ditolak.

p-Value: probabilitas, dengan asumsi Ho adalah benar, dalam mendapatkan nilai uji statistik setidaknya sebesar nilai yang dihitung untuk pengujian. Jika p-value < significance level (α) H0 ditolak. Jika p-value > significance level (α) H0 tidak

ditolak.

Page 15: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Computation of the p -Value

One-Tailed Test: p -Value = P{z ≥absolute value of the computed test statistic value}

Two-Tailed Test: p -Value = 2P{z ≥ absolute value of the computed test statistic value}

From EXAMPLE 1, z = 1.44, and because it was a two-tailed test, the p -Value = 2P{z 1.44} = 2(.5-.4251) = .1498. Because .1498 > .05, do not reject H0.

Page 16: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

A. Pengujian Rata-rata Populasi Jika standar deviasi populasi (σ) diketahui, uji

statistik distribusi normal standar:

Jika standar deviasi populasi (σ) TIDAK diketahui, tapi jumlah sampel ≥30, uji statistik distribusi normal standar:

zX

=−µ

σ / n

zX

s n=

−µ/

Page 17: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Jika standar deviasi populasi (σ) TIDAK diketahui dan jumlah sampel < 30, uji statistik distribusi-t:

tX

s n=

−µ/

A. Pengujian Rata-rata Populasi

Page 18: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

B. Pengujian Proporsi Populasi

Proportion: sebagian atau persentase yang menunjukkan bagian dari populasi atau sampel yang memiliki hal tertentu yang menjadi perhatian.

Proporsi sample dihitung dengan:

n

xp ==

samplednumber

sample in the successes ofnumber ˆ

Page 19: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Test Statistic for Testing Population Proportion

ˆ

(1 )

p PZ

P Pn

−=−

ˆ

P population proportion

p sample proportion

≡≡

Page 20: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Test Statistic for Testing a Single Population Proportion

n

pz

)1( πππ−

−=

p: sample proport ion

π : population proport ion.

Page 21: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

5. Ambil keputusan

Rejects Ho (Accepts H1) Don’t reject Ho (Don’t accept H1)

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EXAMPLE 1 Mesin pembuat saos mengisi saos sebanyak

rata-rata16 ons pada tiap botol saos. Standar deviasinya 0.5 ons. Sebuah sample 36 botol diambil dari produksi satu jam terakhir dan ditemukan rata-rata isi botol 16.12 ons per botol. Pada significance level 0.05, apakah proses produksi tersebut tidak terkontrol?

Dengan kata lain, apakah kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa rata-rata isi per botol tidak sama dengan 16 ons?

Page 23: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

EXAMPLE 1 c o ntinue d

Step 1: State the null and the alternative hypotheses:

H0: µ = 16; H1: µ ≠ 16

Step 2: Select the level of significance. In this case we selected the .05 significance level.

Step 3: Identify the test statistic. Because we know the population standard deviation, the test statistic is z .

Page 24: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

EXAMPLE 1 c o ntinue d

Step 4: State the decision rule: Reject H0 if z > 1.96 or z < -1.96

Step 5: Compute the value of the test statistic and arrive at a decision.

44.1365.0

00.1612.16 =−=−=n

Xz

σµ

Karena z (1.44) < crit ical value (1.96) hypothesis Nol t idak ditolak.

Kita TIDAK dapat menyimpulkan bahwa rata-rata isi per botol t idak sama dengan 16 ons.

Page 25: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Contoh

Produsen motor memperkirakan jarak tempuh per liter sepeda motor “X” 30 km. Hasil tes thd sampel 20 sepada motor diperoleh data rata-rata jarak tempuh 28 km dengan standar deviasi 4 km. Lakukan pengujian dengan α = 5%

Page 26: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Contoh

Pimpinan perusahaan perusahaan bola lampu berpendapat daya tahan bola lampu merek “X” lebih dari 150 jam. Untuk membuktikan pendapat tersebut diambil sampel random 25 bola lampu untuk diuji. Hasilnya rata-rata daya tahan bola lampu tsb 155 jam dengan simpangan baku 15 jam. Dari data tersebut berilah kesimpulan ttg pendapat tsb? Gunakan LOS 0,1.

Page 27: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Contoh

Manajer produksi mengatakan tingkat kerusakan barang kurang dari 10%. Dari 40 sampel random yang diuji, 3 diantaranya rusak. Benarkah pendapat tersebut ? Gunakan tingkat keyakinan 1%

Page 28: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Contoh

“6 dari 10 ABG di Surabaya merokok”, demikian pendapat Sosiolog. Hasil penelitian terhadap 100 sampel ABG, 65 diantaranya merokok. Uji pendapat tersebut dengan taraf signifikasi 5%

Page 29: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

EXAMPLE 2 Roder’s Discount Store chain issues its own

credit card. Lisa, the credit manager, wants to find out if the mean monthly unpaid balance is more than $400. The level of significance is set at .05. A random check of 172 unpaid balances revealed the sample mean to be $407 and the sample standard deviation to be $38. Should Lisa conclude that the population mean is greater than $400, or is it reasonable to assume that the difference of $7 ($407-$400) is due to chance?

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EXAMPLE 2 c o ntinue d

Step 1: H0: µ ≤ $400, H1: µ > $400 Step 2: The significance level is .05 Step 3: Because the sample is large we can use

the z distribution as the test statistic. Step 4: H0 is rejected if z>1.65 Step 5: Perform the calculations and make a

decision.

42.217238$

400$407$ =−=−=ns

Xz

µ

H0 is rejected. Lisa can conclude that the mean unpaid balance is greater than $400.

Page 31: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Example 3

The current rate for producing 5 amp fuses at Neary Electric Co. is 250 per hour. A new machine has been purchased and installed that, according to the supplier, will increase the production rate. A sample of 10 randomly selected hours from last month revealed the mean hourly production on the new machine was 256 units, with a sample standard deviation of 6 per hour. At the .05 significance level can Neary conclude that the new machine is faster?

Page 32: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Example 3 c o ntinue d

Step 1: State the null and the alternate hypothesis.

H0: µ ≤ 250; H1: µ > 250 Step 2: Select the level of significance. It is .

05. Step 3: Find a test statistic. It is the t

distribution because the population standard deviation is not known and the sample size is less than 30.

Page 33: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Example 3 c o ntinue d

Step 4: State the decision rule. There are 10 – 1 = 9 degrees of freedom. The null hypothesis is rejected if t > 1.833.

Step 5: Make a decision and interpret the results.

162.3106

250256 =−=−=ns

Xt

µ

The null hypothesis is rejected. The mean numberproduced is more than 250 per hour.

Page 34: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

EXAMPLE 4

In the past, 15% of the mail order solicitations for a certain charity resulted in a financial contribution. A new solicitation letter that has been drafted is sent to a sample of 200 people and 45 responded with a contribution. At the .05 significance level can it be concluded that the new letter is more effective?

Page 35: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Example 4 continued

Step 1: State the null and the alternate hypothesis.

H0: π ≤ .15 H1: π > .15

Step 2: Select the level of significance. It is .05.

Step 3: Find a test statistic. The z distribution is the test statistic.

Page 36: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

Example 4 continued

Step 4: State the decision rule. The null hypothesis is rejected if z is greater than 1.65.

Step 5: Make a decision and interpret the results.

97.2

200)15.1(15.

15.20045

)1(=

−=

−−=

n

pz

πππ

The null hypothesis is rejected. More than 15 percent are responding with a pledge. The new letter is more effective.

Page 37: Statistik 1 8 uji hipothesis satu sample

- END -

Chapter TenOne-Sample Tests of One-Sample Tests of HypothesisHypothesis


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