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STEADY STATE UNIVERSE
by Eric Karlan
The Basics•Who: Hermann
Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Sir Fred Hoyle
•When: 1948
•Where: Earth
•What: Proposed the Steady State Theory
•Why: An alternative theory to the Big Bang
The TheoryThe universe is
always the same, all the time, always
static, always contracting or
expanding.
THE LOGIC•Based on theoretical mathematical
calculations
•No sudden beginning to universe
•Decrease in density caused by expansion balanced by continuous creation of matter condensing into galaxies
•Maintain forever present appearance of the universe
The Workings
•Reservoir of energy is negative: Expansion and creation work against each other
• Small number of atoms needed annually to maintain steady state
The Contributions
• Explains hydrogen and helium abundance in the universe
•Contributes to Wheeler-Feynman Theory
The Refutation •Distribution of
Radio Sources
• 1966: Discovery of Quasars
•Cosmic Background Radiation
The Meaning
•Radio galaxies and quasars occur only at very large distances
•Implies red-shift
•Thus, evolution of universeX
The Conclusion
• The Big Bang Model prevails present day
• Steady State theory helped to prove Big Bang through its testability
The Works Cited
• The Steady State Universe. Accessed 25 March, 2006. http://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/study/sci/cosmo/internal/steady.htm
• “Steady State Universe.” Wikipedia. 11 March, 2004. Accessed 25 March, 2006. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state_universe