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12
STEAM TURBINE CONTROLS Pero Skoric ‐ 2018 Turbine Controls Seminar
Transcript
Page 1: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

STEAM TURBINE CONTROLS

Pero Skoric ‐ 2018 

Turbine Controls Seminar

Page 2: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

There are two main groups of units as far Controls are concerned 

Steam Turbines Categorizing

Power Units up to ≈1000MW 

CoGen Units up to ≈200MW 

Page 3: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

Common For All • SAFETY….. SAFETY….  SAFETYWe need to make sure controls are going to close the valves when needed.  If not closed unit can go to pieces endangering people and property. 

• PROMT REACTION IS ULTIMATEThe load is the only thing braking unit down. Ones the load is gone the controls need to close the valves at a fast rate (0.1s). Unlike with gas turbines the full load rejection is  a challenge.  PLU protection is must have for reheat units. 

• DYNAMIC IS NOT COMPLICATEDDynamic is straight forward, valves closed‐unit down, valves open‐unit up.  Boilers drum level control dynamic is much more complex.

Page 4: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

Power Units (1)

BOILER

Drum

Superheater

Reheater

FW Reheat

Condenser System

Generator

HP IP LPHPValve

ICValve

• Redundancy control ( 2 of 3 or similar) is must have.

• Different manufacturer ‐ different control strategy, GE, Alstom, Toshiba, Siemens, LMZ, etc…

Page 5: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

Power Units (2)

• Unit operating as a block (boiler + turbine) together.  Sliding pressure start‐up. Unit reaching rated pressure and temperature at a high load.

• For run up to rated speed, synchronizing and initial loading  HP & IC valves both modulated. Loading up IC valve fully opens. 

• Boiler lead is normal operating mode at rated load.

• PLU compares IC valve position against generator loading. If unbalance between those then PLU gives closing impulse to both HP and IC valve. 

• ………

Page 6: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

CoGen Units (1)

Backpressure Type

PROCES

Process is used as the cool sink instead of condenser

Not Flexible Output ≈ process needs for heat

Extraction Type

PROCES

I extraction Unit

PROCES PROCES

II extraction Unit

Backpressure unit  + “tail”

Page 7: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

CoGen Units (2)

• Unit controls combine process requirements for heat with requirements for electrical  output.

• There is also a switchable hierarchy as sometimes it is not possible to satisfy the both requirements.  

• Pressure control is there because steam pressure indicates  the process heat balance. If the pressure is dropping the process needs more steam and opposite.    

• Speed control have priority over all other controls. Must be able to the close valves regardless of all the other requirements 

Page 8: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

CoGen Units Operating CharacteristicBackpressure Type

Unit operates along the Operating Line

Extraction Type

Unit operates within the Operating Range

Page 9: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

EX1 Unit Control System Diagram Example 

Page 10: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

SL Controls Simulator  

Full model with Control Software for a plant with two turbo‐generators. Backpressure + Condensing unit  

Page 11: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

Plant Dynamic Model mode  

PLC Control Software  

EX1 Controls Simulator  

Software development, FT acceptance, Operators training

Page 12: Steam Turbine Controls Rev0turbine.arirang.hr/.../Steam-Turbine-Controls-Rev0.pdf · Power Units (1) BOILER Drum Superheater Reheater FW Reheat Condenser System Generator HP HP IP

OPERATING CONTROLS SIMULATORS+ 

DISCUSSION


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