STEERING SYSTEM IN AUTOMOBILE

PRESENTED BY :FARHAN AFZAL

3RD YEAR

MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGBUDGE BUDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(BBIT)

INTODUCTION Steering is the term applied to the collection of

components, linkages, etc. Which will allow a vehicle to follow the desired course.

An automobile is steered with the help of steering gears and linkages which transfer the motion of the hand operated steering wheel to the pivoted front wheel hubs via steering column. The other parts that are used for steering a vehicle are steering wheel pads, steering shaft, steering box, steering arm and steering stabilizers. These parts are made of durable materials like stainless steel, iron, aluminium, copper, magnesium, etc.

HISTORY The first steering system was developed

centuries ago. The concept of steering system first

comes from horse driven buggies. At that time the buggy was steered by

pulling the reins of the horse, causing the horse to pull the buggy into turn.

The front axle pivoted on a pin that allowed the front wheel to turn in the desired direction.

HISTORY A rod and lever were

attached to the middle of the axle to assist the driver in turning and holding the front wheel straight.

But this type of steering system was not very successful because it is straight to the wheels

In early 1800’s Rudolf Ackerman designed a steering system that incorporated angled steering arm and knuckles. This allows both front wheels to turn their own path

TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM

STEERING

MANUAL

RACK & PINON

WORM & ROLLER

POWER

HYDRAULIC

ELECTRICAL

COMPONENTS OF STEERING SYSTEM

STEERING WHEEL :- A wheel turned by the driver of

a motor vehicle, ship, etc, when he or she wants to change

the direction of the vehicle or ship.

STEERING COLUMN :- A shaft connecting the

steering wheel to the steering gear assembly. It is also

called steering shaft

STEERING GRAR :- The gear mounted on the lower

end of the steering column, that are used to multiply the

driver turning force. It converts the rotary motion of the

steering wheel into the straight line motion.

STEERING LINKAGE :- The system that connects the

steering wheel to the front wheel and allows the wheel to

change direction in response to command from driver.

BASIC RACK & PINION STEERING

PINION GEAR :- Rotated by the steering wheel

and steering shaft, it’s teeth mesh with the teeth on the rack.

RACK :- Long steel bar with the teeth along one

section, slides sideways as the pinion gear turns.

BASIC RACK & PINION STEERING

GEAR HOUSING :-It Holds the pinion gear and rack.

TIE RODS :- Connects the rack with the steering

Knuckle.

STEERING LINKAGE

PITMAN ARM :- Transfers gearbox motion to the

steering linkage.

Pitman arm is splinted to the gearbox

STEERING LINKAGECENTER LINK ROD(RELAY ROD) :-Steel bar connects

right and left side of steering linkage.

Connects to pitman arm, tie rod and idler arm.

IDLER ARM :- Supports the end of the Centre link on the

passenger side of the Vehicle.

Bolts to the vehicle frame.

TIE ROD ASSEMBLIES :- Two tie rods assemblies are used

to fasten the centre link to steering knuckles.

Assembly is consist of inner tie-rod end,

Outer tie-rod end, and a toe adjustment

Sleeve.

POWER STEERING An automobile steering system in which the engine’s power is used to supplement the driver’s effort in turning the steering wheel.

The first power steering system on an automobile was apparently installed in 1876 by a man with thesurname of FITTS. Next power steering system was put on a Columbia 5-ton truck in 1903

There are two types of power steering

1 Electric power steering2 Hydraulic power steering

NEED POWER STEERING

Power steering greatly reduces the effort needed to turn the wheels of a car especially with front drive cars, the extra weight and effort can be too much for many drivers. Although not a major concern at highways speeds, low speed turning and manoeuvring are much easier to do. Most power steering systems provide less and less boost the faster you go.

NEED POWER STEERING

ELECTRIC POWER STEERING

Electric power steering uses the electric motor to assist the driver of a vehicle.

Sensors detect the position and torque of the steering column andcomputer module applies assistive torque via the motor, which connects to either the steering gear or steering column.

HYDRAULIC POWER STEERING

Most power steering systems work by using a hydraulic system to steer the vehicle’s wheels.The hydraulic pressure typically comes from a rotary vane pump drivenby the vehicle’s engine.A double actinghydraulic cylinder applies a force to steeringgear which in turn steer the road wheel. The steering wheel operates valve to control flow to the cylinder.

THANK YOU