Step-by-Step Guide on Risk Management
For Marine Industries
Legends
ObjectivesRisk Management RegulationsOverview of Risk ManagementRoles and Responsibilities
Risk Management Process
References
Contents
Note: Please click ( ) on the individual tab for more information
Risk Management (RM) Leader RM Members RM Team
RA TeamRisk Assessment (RA)
Leader RA Members
Samples Forms Video Clips
Legends
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• This Guide aims to provide basic guidance in implementing risk management (RM) at workplaces.
• Potential incidents can be prevented when hazards are identified and risks are managed.
Objectives
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• The WSH (Risk Management) Regulations is one of the key components of the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Act.
• Under the Regulations, all workplaces are required to conduct risk assessments for routine and non-routine work.
Risk Management Regulations
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Risk Management involves • identifying and analysing safety and health
hazards associated with work;• assessing the risks involved; • prioritising measures to control the hazards
and reduce the risks;• controlling and monitoring the risks; and • communicating these risks to all affected
persons.
Overview of Risk Management
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Roles and Responsibilities
Employer
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Roles and Responsibilities of an Employer TASK DETAILS Risk Control
Measures (RCM)
Require all reasonably practicable steps to be taken to eliminate/minimize any foreseeable risk
Require RCM to be implemented according to the hierarchy of control
Support the implementation of RCM Risk Register Require Risk Register to be updated and available
at all time RA Records Ensure RA records are kept for 3 years from the
approval date Contractors /
suppliers Require contractors / suppliers to conduct RA and
implement risk control measures for work carried out by them at the workplace
Employer
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Manager
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Roles and Responsibilities of a Manager TASK DETAILS Risk Control
Measures (RCM)
Prepare an action plan to implement RCM Ensure RCM are carried out and monitor their
effectiveness Ensure safe work procedures (SWP) are available
for all operations and implemented Review RA if the RCM are inadequate and
ineffective Risk Register Ensure risk register is updated and available at all
time
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Manager
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Manager
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Human Resource Manager
1In the absence of a Human Resource Manager in the organisation, the equivalent person undertaking such a work profile of the Human Resource Manager should execute the duties mentioned above
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Human Resource Manager
Roles and Responsibilities of an Employee TASK DETAILS Risk
Assessment (RA)
Understand the hazards and possible injury / ill-health for carrying out activities assigned to him
Risk Control Measures (RCM)
Comply with all risk control measures Adhere to safe work procedures established at the
workplace Communicatio
n Inform Manager of :- new hazards / risks and ways to reduce hazards /
risks, or - any shortcomings in the safe work procedures or
risk control measures Report any unsafe behaviour of other workers
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Employee
I. Must be Available upon RequestII.Kept for at least 3 years Record-keeping
I. Form TeamII.Gather Relevant Information III.Identify Tasks of Each Process
Preparation
I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval
II. Implement Control Measures III. Communicate the Hazards and their
Controls IV.Audit / Regular Inspections
Implementation
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk Assessment
Risk Management Process
1
2
3
4
15/50I. Review RA on a Regular Basis Review5
Comm
unicate
I. Form TeamA. Appointment of RM TeamA1. Employer to: • Appoint a RM Leader• Appoint RM Members• Ensure RM Team is trained and competent in risk
management • Engage RM Consultant to assist RM Team if further assistance
is required
I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
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A2. Prerequisite and Roles of a:
Prerequisite• Senior member of the
workplace• Good knowledge of work
activities • Competent in RM • Attended a RM course
Roles • Lead and coordinate RM
implementation• Provide RA updates and risk
control measures to employer• Obtain approval from Employer
/ Manager for the implementation of risk control measures
RM Lead
er
I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
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I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
Prerequisite• Good knowledge of work
activities • Competent in RM • Attended a RM course
RM MembersA3. Prerequisite and Composition
of :
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I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
A4. Main Function of RM Team:
RM Leader
RM Members19/50
I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
B. Appointment of RA TeamB1. RM Team to: • Appoint RA Leaders among the RM Members • Assist RA Leaders if further assistance is needed
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I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
B2. Prerequisite and Roles of a :
Prerequisite• A member of RM Team
Roles • Form RA Team• Lead and co-ordinate RA
implementation• Provide update to RM Team on
RA implementation and risk control measures
RA Lead
er
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I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
RA Membe
rs
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Prerequisite• Good knowledge of the work
activities
Composition• Comprise staff/workers
involved in the work, as well as contractors, suppliers and other persons who are familiar with the work
B3. Prerequisite and Composition of :
I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
Function• Conduct RA within the areas
assigned by RM Team • Determine if the hazards could
bring harm beyond their work area
• Prepare Inventory of Work Activities
RA Leader
RA Members
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B4. Main Function of RA Team
Note: A RM Member is not necessary a RA Leader
I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1Relationship between RM Team and RA Team
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RA Team
RM Team
RA Team
RA Leader who is
also a RM Member
RA Leader who is also a RM Member
I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
II. Identify Tasks of Each ProcessA. RM Team to set RA scope • Divide the workplace into few a distinct areas • Assign RA Team for each distinct area
B. RA Team to prepare Inventory of Work Activity (IWA)• Prepare IWA form for area(s) assigned by RM Team • IWA form to include activity inventory, location, process
and activity
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III.Gather Relevant Information A. RM Team to gather information related to RM scoping : • Workplace layout plan• Process or work flowchart• List of work activities in the process
I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
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I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each
Process III.Gather Relevant
Information
Preparation1
Note: The above information ONLY serve as a guide 27/50
B. RA Teams to gather information on RA process :• List of tools, machinery and chemicals used• Records of past incidents & accidents• Observations, interviews and feedback on WSH related matters • WSH inspection records and audit reports • Manufacturer’s instruction manual including safety data sheets • Relevant legislation, Codes of Practice and specifications• Details of existing risk control measures • Safe work procedures • Copies of previous RA• Medical conditions (e.g. allergy) of workers • Past training records of employees
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
Risk Assessment is a process of : • Identifying and analysing safety and health hazards
associated with work; • Assessing the risks involved; and• Prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce
the risks
Risk Assessment must be available for all work activities
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I. Hazard Identification A. What is a Hazard ? • Anything, any source or any situation with the
potential to cause bodily injury or ill-health
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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B. How to Identify Hazard? B1. RA Leader to determine ways to identify hazards• brainstorming• process reviewB2. RA Team to determine sources of hazards• physical • mechanical • electricalB3. RA Team to consider if the hazards could cause harm
beyond their immediate area of work
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
• chemical • biological• psychosocial
• process hazard analysis• job observations & job safety
analysis
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B. How to Identify Hazard? B4. Organisational Culture and Personal Risk Factors• RA should consider organisational culture and personal
risk factors that could compromise employees’ work ability and safety (e.g., decreased mental alertness, fatigue, loss of concentration).
• Risk control measures can be implemented to take into account varying perceptions and behaviour.
• Examples of Work Organisation Factors:– excessive workload– prolonged working hours
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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– lack of adequate training– inadequate
acclimatisation to hot work environments
B. How to Identify Hazard? • Examples of Individual Health Risk Factors:
– health risks uncovered from medical examinations
– individual susceptibility to certain health risks
– smoking as a risk factor for many diseases– health effects of alcohol misuse
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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C. How to Identify Risk?C1. List all work activities from the Inventory of Work
Activities (IWA) form in the ‘Sub-Activity’ column
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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C2. List all hazards for each work activity in the ‘Hazard’ column
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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C3. List all possible injuries / ill-health in the ‘Possible Injury /
Ill-health’ column
II. Risk Evaluation A. What is a Risk? • The likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific
bodily injury to any person
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
B. How to Evaluate Risk? B1. List all existing control measures for each injury / ill-
health in the ‘Existing Risk Controls’ column
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I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
B2. Rate the most likely severity outcome of the injury in the ‘S’ column B3. Rate the likelihood that the hazard may cause the injury/ill-health in
the ‘L’ column B4. Multiply the ‘S’ and ‘L’ columns in the Risk Prioritisation Number
(RPN) column
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I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
B5. Compare the ‘RPN’ against the Risk MatrixB6. RA Team to take action according to the recommended
actions based on the current risk level
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Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (1 of 2)
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
A guide to severity rating
A guide to likelihood rating
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Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (2 of 2)
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
5x5 Risk matrix with numeric ratings
Recommended action for risk levels
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Risk Evaluation for Health Hazards• Estimate employees’ exposure to health hazards
where appropriate via established qualitative or quantitative assessments
• Compare exposure estimates to established Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) or other health standards to establish likelihood of ill-health effects
• Consider relevant risk factors (see slides 43 and 44)• Consider other factors such as potential cumulative
exposure and synergistic effects, where applicable
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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Risk Factors of Health Hazards (1 of 2)
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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Risk Factors of Health Hazards (2 of 2)
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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III.Risk Control A. What is Additional Risk Control? • To eliminate, reduce or confine the risk to an
acceptable level
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
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B. How to Control Risk?
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
B1. Consider more effective measures in the hierarchy of control
ELIMINATION
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
SUBSTITUTION
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Most Effectiv
e
Least Effectiv
e
Change the Work Process
Provide Hearing Protectors
Replace Metal Gears with Pulley with Belt
Implement Noisy Machine Enclosure
Implement Work Rotation
Hierarchy of Control Examples for Noise Control 46/50
I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
B2. List all possible controls in the ‘Additional Controls’ column
B3. Re-evaluate severity ‘S’, likelihood ‘L’ and ‘RPN’ scores
Existing risk level
New risk level (Note: New risk level should not be higher after the additional controls)
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I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control
Risk
Assessment2
B4. Identify specific person to lead the implementation of additional controls and due date
B5. Record due-date for implementation
B6. Implementation person to provide progress updates to RA Team
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I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
III. Implement Control Measures
IV.Audit / Regular InspectionsV. Review RA on a Regular
Basis
I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval Manager to :
• Approve RA form• Prepare an action plan to implement the measures• Implement the recommended risk control measures • Monitor the action plan
Implementatio
n and Review
3
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I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
III. Implement Control Measures
IV.Audit / Regular InspectionsV. Review RA on a Regular
Basis
Implementatio
n and Review
3
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II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Manager to Inform All Persons Exposed to the Risk about :• The nature of risks
• Any measures / safe work procedures implemented
• Means to minimise / eliminate the risks
Examples of Communication Channel : • Toolbox meeting / briefing before the start of any work• Video tools
Shipyard Safety Animation Safety in Confined Spaces Managing Heat Stress • Other useful resources
Marine Industries Case Studies
I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
III. Implement Control Measures
IV.Audit / Regular InspectionsV. Review RA on a Regular
Basis
Implementatio
n and Review
3
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I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
III. Implement Control Measures
IV.Audit / Regular InspectionsV. Review RA on a Regular
Basis
Implementatio
n and Review
3
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III. Implement Control Measures Manager to :
• Implement risk control measures
• Ensure an action plan is available, monitored and implemented (including timeline and person in charge)
• Ensure risk control measures are implemented and effective
I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
III. Implement Control Measures
IV.Audit / Regular InspectionsV. Review RA on a Regular
Basis
Implementatio
n and Review
3
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IV. Audit / Regular Inspections Manager to : • Ensure regular inspection and audits are carried out so
that the risk control measures are implemented and effective
I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
III. Implement Control Measures
IV.Audit / Regular InspectionsV. Review RA on a Regular
Basis
Implementatio
n and Review
3
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V. Review RA on a Regular Basis Manager to : • Review / Revise RA at least once every 3 years, or
after an incident, near miss or dangerous occurrence; a significant change in the work processes, facilities,
work practices or work procedures, or change in workplace condition and layout (e.g.: introduction of new machinery, or chemicals or raw materials); or
new information on WSH risk
I. Must be Available upon Request
II.Keep for at least 3 years Record-keeping4
I. RA Records Must be Available upon Request Manager to :• Ensure RA records to be readily available upon request• RA records include: RA forms RA Register Risk control measures records Safe work procedures Training records
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II. Keep RA Records for at least 3 years Manager to :• Keep all RA records for at least 3 years
I. Must be Available upon Request
II.Keep for at least 3 years Record-keeping4
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• Workplace Safety and Health Act • Workplace Safety and Health
(Risk Management) Regulations• Code of Practice on Workplace Safety
and Health (WSH) Risk Management • Workplace Safety and Health Council
http://www.wshc.sg • Ministry of Manpower
http://www.mom.gov.sg
References
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