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Stephanofilaria habronema Transmitted by
Houseflies Stable flies
Infect wounds Cause
Excessive granulation Proud flesh Summer sores
Onchocerca Transmitted by
Mosquitoes Gnats
Cause Skin reactions
Face Neck Chest Horse underline
Digestive System
Arthropods Bots
Larval stages of botflies Develop in stomach Affect horses Symptoms
Colic
Helminths Worms May cause infection or disease or both Clinical or sub-clinical
Affect health status Clinical
Obvious symptoms Anemia Diarrhea Emaciation
Sub-clinical No symptoms
Life span 1-12 months Animal resistance
Direct life cycle Eggs Larvae Adults
Indirect life cycle Intermediate host
Direct life cycle
Indirect life cycle
Nematodes Roundworms Large numbers Nutritional disturbance Damage
Stomach lining Intestine Blood loss Hemorrhages Migrating
Arteries Liver Lungs
Digestive inefficiency
Examples Trichostrohgyles (hairworms)
Stomach and intestines of ruminants Strongyles (bloodworms)
Large intestine of horses Hookworms
Small intestine dogs and cats Large roundworms
Small intestine of pigs, dogs, cats, horses and poultry
Whipworms Large intestine dogs and pigs
Hairworm
Bloodworm
Infestation of Cow
Hookworm
Large roundworms
Whipworms
Symptoms Emaciation Rough hair coat Diarrhea Pale mucous membranes
Diagnosis Fecal floatation
Eggs
Transmission Ingestion
Larvae Hairworms Strongyles Hookworms
Eggs Large roundworms Whipworms
Direct contact Skin
Hookworms In-utero
Hookworms Large roundworms
Tapeworms Small intestine Species
Dogs Cats Ruminants Horses
Diagnosis Gravid segments in
Feces Anus
Transmission Oral
Infected fleas Dogs and cats
Infected soil mites Ruminants and horses Tapeworms
Flukes Liver flukes Intermediate host
Snails Transmission
Oral Larvae encyst on grasses Cattle graze grass
Symptoms Acute liver disease (young animals) Chronic liver disease (older animals) Malnutrition
Diagnosis Fecal float Observation
Flukes Liver damage
Flukes
Life Process of Flukes
Protozoa One-celled parasites Intestine Common
Carriers Disease
Young susceptible animals Poor diets
Examples Coccidiosis
Calves, dogs, cats, poultry Trichomoniasis
Dogs Giardiasis
Dogs Hexamitiasis
Poultry Symptoms
Enteritis or colitis Diarrhea
With or without blood and mucous
Coccidiosis
Trichomoniasis
Giardiasis
Hexamitiasis
Circulatory System
Heartworms Nematode Climatic
High rainfall High humidity Large mosquito population
Disease Large amounts of worms affect blood flow
Symptoms Exhaustion Weakness Rapid breathing Coughing Ascites
Swollen abdomen
Diagnosis Blood smear Snap test
Life Process of Heartworm in Dog
Heartworms
Reproductive System
Protozoa Genital Example
Bovine trich Transmission
Veneral Diagnosis
Smears