Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
For additional information or to submit technical questions, go to: https://www.96boards.org/DragonBoard410c/forum
All Qualcomm products mentioned herein are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.
DragonBoard, Qualcomm, and Snapdragon are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Other product and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Use of this document is subject to the license set forth in Exhibit 1.
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 5775 Morehouse Drive San Diego, CA 92121
U.S.A.
© 2015-2016, 2018 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor
Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard 410c Application Note
80-P0436-43 Rev. C
April 12, 2018
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 2
Revision history
Revision Date Description
A October 2015 Initial release
B September 2016 Updated to ‘E’ part. Updated all drawings. Added HPH_REF signal to fix stereo separation and mic noise issues. Added instructions for enabling headset jack under Debian.
C April 2018 Added Section 3.1.1 Enabling DMIC under Linux
Global: Clarified phrasing of text
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 3
Contents
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Additional information ................................................................................................................................ 4
2 Adding a 3.5 mm stereo headset jack .................................................................................... 5
2.1 J7 analog expansion connector ................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Standard headset plug connections ........................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Soldering a stereo connector J7 ................................................................................................................ 7 2.4 Bias signal for the Microphone ................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 Amixer commands to test the Audio routing through the stereo connector (Debian) ............................... 9
2.5.1 Headset Playback: .................................................................................................................... 9 2.5.2 Headset Mic Capture: ............................................................................................................. 10 2.5.3 Speaker Playback: .................................................................................................................. 10
2.6 Tinymix commands to test the audio routing through stereo connector (Android) ................................... 10
3 Adding other devices to J7 ................................................................................................... 12
3.1 Connecting digital mics to J7 ................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.1 Enabling DMIC under Linux .................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Connecting an Auxiliary Analog Mic to J7 ................................................................................................ 15 3.3 Connecting a Speaker to J7 ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.4 Connecting a FM antenna to J7 ............................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Using the Headset cable as a FM antenna .............................................................................................. 15
An Appendix .............................................................................................................................. 17
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 4
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This document provides a description of chipset capabilities. Not all features are available, nor
are all features supported in the software.
NOTE: Enabling some features may require additional licensing fees.
This application note provides instructions on how to solder a stereo connector on a J7 connector
on the DragonBoard 410c, and provides mixer settings needed to route audio through the stereo
connector, instead of HDMI.
1.2 Additional information
For additional information, go to http://www.96boards.org/db410c-getting-started/.
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 5
2 Adding a 3.5 mm stereo headset jack
2.1 J7 analog expansion connector
The J7 expansion connector is located near the 96Boards low speed expansion connector on the
410cDragonBoard.
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding 3.5 mm stereo headset jack
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 6
The pinout for J7 is shown below:
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
SPKR_OUT_M
AGND
MIC2_P
HPH_R
HPH_L
MIC_BIAS1
SPKR_OUT_P
PWR_MB
GND_CFLT
MIC3_P
HPH_REF
HS_DET
FM_RX_ANT
J7
2.2 Standard headset plug connections
A standard 3.5 mm headset plug has the following pinout:
Plug
NOTE: Some headsets have the common (or ground) and microphone input rings swapped. Ensure you
have the correct headset type. If you have the other type, then the connections to the jack (below)
must be modified accordingly.
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding 3.5 mm stereo headset jack
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 7
2.3 Soldering a stereo connector J7
The following diagram summarizes the necessary connections between J7 and the 3.5 mm
headset connector. Appropriate connectors are available from various suppliers.
See the datasheet of the specific connector you have selected to identify the location of the
terminals, as the location of the terminals on the jack varies by manufacturer. Ensure to select a
connector with a closed switch that connects to the Tip conductor.
The following diagram summarizes the necessary connections between J7 and the 3.5 mm
headset connector.
Tip
(Le
ft)
Rin
g 1
(R
igh
t)
Rin
g 2
(G
rou
nd
)
Slee
ve
(Mic
rop
ho
ne)
Tip
Sw
itch
Jack
To J7 Pin 11 (HS_DET)
To J7 Pin 10 (HPH_L)
To J7 Pin 8 (HPH_R)
To J7 Pin 4 (AGND)
To J7 Pin 9 (HPH_REF)
To J7 Pin 6 (MIC2_P)
Notes:- HPH_REF and AGND should be connected as close to the connector as possible- ESD protection between GND and HPH_L, HPH_R, HS_DET and MIC_2 signals are recommended (not shown)- Tip switch is normally closed and opens when a plug is inserted into the jack.
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding 3.5 mm stereo headset jack
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 8
Connect the following six wires, as shown in the figure.
■ Headset Jack Tip (furthest from the headset wire) to analog expansion pin 10 (CDC_HPH_L)
[Red]
■ First ring (closest to the tip) to analog expansion pin 8 (CDC_HPH_R) [Green]
■ Second ring to Analog expansion pin 4 (GND) [Green]
■ Second ring to Analog Expansion pin 9 (HPH_REF) [Green]
■ Third ring (closest to the headset wire) to analog expansion pin 6 (CDC_MIC2_P) [Blue]
■ Headset switch (one of the pads on the jack) to analog expansion Pin 11 (CDC_HS_DET) –
this one may be optional depending on the system software. [Yellow]
The colour of the wires is not important and are listed only for reference.
2.4 Bias signal for the microphone
The Microphone in the headset requires a nominal 1.8 V bias signal. There are four options to
provide a bias voltage to the mic. In general, the standard system software uses the option 1. The
best solution is to use the internal mic bias in the codec, this requires no changes. The software
example in the next section is based on this method.
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding 3.5 mm stereo headset jack
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 9
1. Install the R160 on the DragonBoard 410c. This requires soldering on an extremely tiny
resistor.
2. Connect the CDC_MIC_BIAS1 (J7 pin 12) through a 2k resistor to CDC_MIC2_P (J2 pin 6).
3. Turn on the CDC_MIC_BIAS1 and ensure that there is a voltage of 1.8 V on pin 12 (measure
between J7 pin 4 and J7 pin 12 while recording) using a volt meter.
There is a 1.8 V supply on the low-speed connector (J8 pin 35, LS_EXP_1V8). This supply may
be a little noisy if there is a mezzanine card plugged into the low speed connector.
Use a 2k resistor to connect LS_EXP_1V8 (J8 pin 35) to CDC_MIC2_P (J7 pin 6).
2.5 Amixer commands to test the Audio routing through the stereo connector (Debian)
This information is already available in the ucm config files.
2.5.1 Headset playback:
NOTE: The ‘-c 0’ parameter selects the audio hardware instead of pulse audio.
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='RX1 MIX1 INP1' 'RX1'
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='RX2 MIX1 INP1' 'RX2'
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='RDAC2 MUX' 'RX2'
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='HPHL' 1
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='HPHR' 1
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='RX1 Digital Volume' 100
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding 3.5 mm stereo headset jack
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 10
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='RX2 Digital Volume' 100
aplay –c 0 -D plughw:0,1 /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav
2.5.2 Headset Mic Capture:
To capture audio on headset mic use the following commands:
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='DEC1 MUX' 'ADC2'
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='ADC2 Volume' 70
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='ADC2 MUX' 'INP2'
arecord –c 0 -D plughw:0,2 -r 16000 -f S16_LE /tmp/f-16000.wav
NOTE: This uses an internal mic bias so you should not see voltage on CDC_MIC_BIAS1.
Use the Headset playback commands (in the section above) to play back your recorded file
(/tmp/f-16000.wav).
To capture audio on a secondary mic connected to CDC_MIC3_IN that has external mic bias
taken from CDC_MIC_BIAS1 (install R160)
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name=’DEC1 MUX’ ‘ADC2′
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name=’ADC2 Volume’ 70
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name=’ADC2 MUX’ ‘INP3’
arecord –c 0 -D plughw:0,2 -r 48000 -f S16_LE /tmp/f-48000.wav
NOTE: While recording on the headset mic there should be voltage on CDC_MIC_BIAS1, otherwise
CDC_MIC_BIAS1 is expected to be zero.
2.5.3 Speaker playback: amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='RX3 MIX1 INP1' 'RX1'
amixer –c 0 cset iface=MIXER,name='SPK DAC Switch' 1
aplay –c 0 -D plughw:0,1 /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav
2.6 Tinymix commands to test the audio routing through stereo connector (Android)
To play audio through the stereo connector, at the adb shell prompt, enter the following
commands:
adb root
adb remount
adb shell
su
tinymix 'PRI_MI2S_RX Audio Mixer MultiMedia1' 1
tinymix 'RX1 MIX1 INP1' 'RX1'
tinymix 'RX2 MIX1 INP1' 'RX2'
tinymix 'RDAC2 MUX' 'RX2'
tinymix 'HPHL' 'Switch'
tinymix 'HPHR' 'Switch'
tinymix 'MI2S_RX Channels' 'Two'
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding 3.5 mm stereo headset jack
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 11
tinyplay /data/test.wav
You should be able to hear playback on the earphone connected to the stereo connector.
Playback using Android Music player would normally play the audio over HDMI, as this is the
default setting.
To change the default behavior, edit the file
device/qcom/MSM8916_32/mixer_paths_sbc.xml based on the use case and push the file
into DragonBoard 410c via adb to /system/etc/.
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 12
3 Adding other devices to J7
3.1 Connecting digital microphones to J7
The pins used for the DMIC clock and data, and UART0 are the same. In order to use a DMIC,
disable the UART and enable the DMIC in the source code, and then recompile the operating
system from source code. Details of how to recompile the operating systems vary from operating
system to operating system and are beyond the scope of this document.
Digital MicBias
Sel
CLK
Data
Gnd(s)
To J7 Pin 12 (MIC_BIAS1)
Digital MicBias
Sel
CLK
Data
Gnd(s)
To J8 Pin 4 (DMIC_CLK) [UART0_TxD]
To J8 Pin 6 (DMIC_DATA)[UART0_RxD]
To J7 Pin 4 (AGND)
Notes:- add a 0.1uF shunt capacitor between Bias and GND if the mic manufacture recommends it.- ESD protection on LK, Data, and Bias signals are recommended
3.1.1 Enabling DMIC under Linux
To enable the use of digital microphones under Linux device tree changes are required. The
following patch will disable the UART0 on GPIO_0 and GPIO_1 and enable the DMIC CLK and
DATA on the same GPIOs.
diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/qcom/apq8016-sbc.dtsi
b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/qcom/apq8016-sbc.dtsi
index 5d0d5a3..061f5f3 100644
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding other devices to J7
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 13
--- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/qcom/apq8016-sbc.dtsi
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/qcom/apq8016-sbc.dtsi
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
serial@78af000 {
label = "LS-UART0";
- status = "okay";
+ status = "disabled";
pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep";
pinctrl-0 = <&blsp1_uart1_default>;
pinctrl-1 = <&blsp1_uart1_sleep>;
@@ -281,13 +281,17 @@
reg-names = "mic-iomux", "spkr-
iomux";
status = "okay";
- pinctrl-0 = <&cdc_pdm_lines_act
&ext_sec_tlmm_lines_act &ext_mclk_tlmm_lines_act>;
- pinctrl-1 = <&cdc_pdm_lines_sus
&ext_sec_tlmm_lines_sus &ext_mclk_tlmm_lines_sus>;
+ pinctrl-0 = <&cdc_pdm_lines_act
&ext_sec_tlmm_lines_act &ext_mclk_tlmm_lines_act
&cdc_dmic_lines_act>;
+ pinctrl-1 = <&cdc_pdm_lines_sus
&ext_sec_tlmm_lines_sus &ext_mclk_tlmm_lines_sus
&cdc_dmic_lines_sus>;
pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep";
qcom,model = "DB410c";
qcom,audio-routing =
"AMIC2", "MIC BIAS Internal2",
- "AMIC3", "MIC BIAS External1";
+ "AMIC3", "MIC BIAS External1",
+ "DMIC1", "MIC BIAS Internal1",
+ "DMIC1", "Digital Mic1",
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding other devices to J7
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 14
+ "DMIC2", "MIC BIAS Internal1",
+ "DMIC2", "Digital Mic2";
external-dai-link@0 {
link-name = "ADV7533";
cpu { /* QUAT */
@@ -609,4 +613,4 @@
After the changes have been made, the DMIC is available at DEC1 MUX.
root@linaro-alip:~# amixer -c0
Simple mixer control 'DEC1 MUX',0
Capabilities: enum
Items: 'ZERO' 'ADC1' 'ADC2' 'ADC3' 'DMIC1' 'DMIC2'
Item0: 'DMIC1'
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding other devices to J7
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 15
3.2 Connecting an auxiliary analog microphone to J7
Analog MicBias
Out
GND(s) To J7 Pin 4 (AGND)
To J7 Pin 5 (GND_CFLT)
To J7 Pin 12 (MIC_BIAS1)
To J7 Pin 7 (MIC3_P)
Notes:- Add a 0.1uF shunt capacitor between Bias and GND if the mic manufacture recommends it.- Route GND_CFLT and Out as a differential pair.- GND_CFLT and AGND should be connected as close to the Mic as possible- ESD protection on Bias and Out signals are recommended
3.3 Connecting a speaker to J7
The 410c chipset supports direct operation of a small speaker. Speakers with 8 Ω to 64 Ω
impedance are appropriate, however an external amplifier may be required to achieve higher
volumes.
8 Ω
-6
4 Ω
To J7 Pin 1 (SPKR_OUT_P)
To J7 Pin 2 (SPKR_OUT_N)
NOTE: Mixer commands will need to be modified to use this interface.
3.4 Connecting a FM antenna to J7
The 410c hardware is capable of receiving FM broadcast signals, however this feature is not
enabled in current operating system software. Connect a 1 m long 22AWG wire to J7 pin 15 to
create a good FM antenna.
3.5 Using the headset cable as a FM antenna
It is also possible to use the ground wire of the headset cable as a FM antenna. This requires a
few additional passive components around the 3.5mm headset jack. Details on the components
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding other devices to J7
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 16
and detailed layout rules are beyond the scope of this document. This overview information is
included for completeness.
Tip
(Le
ft)
Rin
g 1
(R
igh
t)
Rin
g 2
(G
rou
nd
)
Slee
ve
(Mic
rop
ho
ne)
Tip
Sw
itch
Simplified FM connections
To J7 Pin 11 (HS_DET)
To J7 Pin 10 (HPH_L)
To J7 Pin 8 (HPH_R)
To J7 Pin 4 (AGND)
To J7 Pin 9 (HPH_REF)
To J7 Pin 6 (MIC2_P)
1000 Ohm at 100 MHz
0.47uH
680pF
47pF4700pF
To J7 Pin 13 (FM_RX_ANT)
Notes:- place L and C near the headset jack ground and star route their traces.- Ferrite Beads and Capacitors must be placed close HPH_L and HPH_R speaker signals to improve FM performance (not shown).- layout details are critical for operation of this circuit.- layout details are beyond the scope of this document.
NOTE: The operating system software may not support operation of the FM receiver.
80-P0436-43 Rev. C 17
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
A Appendix
Overview block diagrams of the mixing paths inside the PM8916 and inside the APQ8016 are
shown below.
XIIR
filter
DEC 1
Rx1Rx Mix 1
Rx Mix 2
Decimator
+
+Rx1
Rx2
+
IIR 1
+
HPF
IIR 2
ADC 1X
X
X
X
IIR 1IIR 2
INTNz
shaper
Nz
shaper+ HPF INT
RX1 Port
RX2 Port
x
x
Post attn.
RX1 PATH
RX2 PATH
ADC 2
Rx1
Rx2
IIR 1IIR 2
IIR 1
IIR 2
Rx2
Nz
shaper
I2S TX 0
I2S TX 1
I2S RX 0
Serializer
Serializer
cdc_i2s_rx_sd1
cdc_i2s_rx_ws
cdc_i2s_rx_clk
cdc_i2s_tx_sd0
cdc_i2s_tx_ws
cdc_i2s_tx_sd1
cdc_clk
pdm_clk
APQ8016
APQ codec coreDMIC
1,2
DMIC 1
DMIC 2
cdc_i2s_tx_clk
Serializer
Clock
generation
pdm_sync
Rx Mix 3
+ HPF INTx
RX3 PATH
Rx1
Rx2
IIR 1IIR 2
RX3 Port
Rx3
cdc_i2s_rx_sd0
Rx3I2S RX 1
Rx3
Rx3
Rx1
Rx2
Rx3
DEC 1
DEC 2
IIR 1 PAD
L ch
R ch
L ch
R ch
L ch
R ch
L ch
DM
IC_C
LK
DMIC 1
DMIC 2
DM
IC_D
ATA
0
ADC 3
XDEC 2 DecimatorHPF
IIR filter +
X
X
X
X
Post attn.
IIR 2 PAD
ADC 1
ADC 2/ADC3De-serializer
ADC 1
ADC 2
DMIC 1
DMIC 2
ADC 3
Rx1
Rx2
Rx3
DEC 1
DEC 2
DEC 1
DEC 2
Rx Mix 1
Rx Mix 2
TX1 Port
TX2 Port
TX3 Port
TX4 Port
Rx Mix 3
HPF
pdm_clk
pdm_sync
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Appendix
80-P0436-43 Rev. C Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 18
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
RDAC #3
+
-
RDAC #1
+
-
RDAC #2
DEM
ADC #1
Audio input 1
MIC1_IN
MIC_BIAS2
0 dB, 6 dB, 12 dB, 18 dB, 21 dB, and 24 dB
ADC 1
Capless input only
1.7 V to 2.85 V
Audio input 3
MIC3_IN
ADC 2/3ADC #2/3
Capless input only
Audio input 2
MIC2_IN
FIRDe-serializer /
Dmux
Serializer
HPH left (HPH_L)
HPH right (HPH_R)
HPH GND Sense (HPH_REF)
Stereo single ended (class AB)
Speaker Out (Class-D)
SPKR_DRV_P
SPKR_DRV_M
Codec
Ear Out (class AB)EARO_PEARO_M
Differential 125 mW into 32 Ω 1.5dB and 6dB
Headset switch detect
HSET_DET
rx1_spdm
rx2_spdm
rx3_spdm
IN2P
ZDL (HPH_L)
ZDR (HPH_R)
HS switch detect
pdm_tx0_tx1_01
8
4
mbhc_clk
Boost
GND_BOOST
VREG_BOOST
HPH_REF_INT
HPH_REF_INT (HS_GND_DET)
Interrupts
+
- Reference voltages
Interrupts
MBHC state machine
FIR
FIR
+
-
DEM
DEM
MIC_BIAS1
0 dB, 6 dB, 12 dB, 18 dB, 21 dB, and 24 dB
De-serializer /
Dmux
De-serializer /
Dmux
Mbias #1
Mbias #2
Mbias #1
Mbias #1
Mbias #2
12 dB
-4.5 dB
-4.5 dB
VSW_BOOST
Button results
ZERO b’00
ZERO b’00
boost_clk
HPH_REF_INT
Codec
PM8916
DragonBoard™ 410c Based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E Processor Stereo Connector and Audio Routing on DragonBoard
410c Application Note Adding other devices to J7
80-P0436-43 Rev. C Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 19
MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
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LICENSES UNDER PATENTS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF THIRD PARTIES.
1.5 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. IN NO EVENT SHALL QTI, QTI’S AFFILIATES OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY
INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST SAVINGS, OR OTHER
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE, OR THE DELIVERY OR FAILURE TO DELIVER, ANY OF THE MATERIALS, OR
ANY BREACH OF ANY OBLIGATION UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, EVEN IF QTI HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE
FOREGOING LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL REMAIN IN FULL FORCE AND EFFECT REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOUR REMEDIES HEREUNDER
ARE DETERMINED TO HAVE FAILED OF THEIR ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE LIABILITY OF QTI, QTI’s AFFILIATES AND ITS LICENSORS, AND
THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF YOU, FOR ANY CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING HEREUNDER (WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR
OTHERWISE) SHALL NOT EXCEED US$10.
2. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS; APPLICABLE LAW.
Any litigation or other dispute resolution between You and Us arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or Your relationship with Us will take place in the
Southern District of California, and You and QTI hereby consent to the personal jurisdiction of and exclusive venue in the state and federal courts within that
District with respect any such litigation or dispute resolution. This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United States
and the State of California, except that body of California law concerning conflicts of law. This Agreement shall not be governed by the United Nations Convention
on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, the application of which is expressly excluded.
3. CONTRACTING PARTIES. If the Materials are downloaded on any computer owned by a corporation or other legal entity, then this Agreement is
formed by and between QTI and such entity. The individual accepting the terms of this Agreement represents and warrants to QTI that they have the authority to
bind such entity to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
4. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. This Agreement, together with all exhibits attached hereto, which are incorporated herein by this reference,
constitutes the entire agreement between QTI and You and supersedes all prior negotiations, representations and agreements between the parties with respect to
the subject matter hereof. No addition or modification of this Agreement shall be effective unless made in writing and signed by the respective representatives of
QTI and You. The restrictions, limitations, exclusions and conditions set forth in this Agreement shall apply even if QTI or any of its affiliates becomes aware of or
fails to act in a manner to address any violation or failure to comply therewith. You hereby acknowledge and agree that the restrictions, limitations, conditions and
exclusions imposed in this Agreement on the rights granted in this Agreement are not a derogation of the benefits of such rights. You further acknowledges that, in
the absence of such restrictions, limitations, conditions and exclusions, QTI would not have entered into this Agreement with You. Each party shall be responsible
for and shall bear its own expenses in connection with this Agreement. If any of the provisions of this Agreement are determined to be invalid, illegal, or otherwise
unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect. This Agreement is entered into solely in the English language, and if for any reason
any other language version is prepared by any party, it shall be solely for convenience and the English version shall govern and control all aspects. If You are
located in the province of Quebec, Canada, the following applies: The Parties hereby confirm they have requested this Agreement and all related documents be
prepared in English.