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Steurer & Martinuzzi: CSR Policies in the EU-27 ESDN Conference 2008, 1 July
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR: A „trip through contemporary governance“
(with map & sightseeing)
Reinhard Steurer
BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Government sightseeing
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Governance sightseeing
Who is in charge here?
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Business
Government
Civil society
Source: Steurer 2013
The map for our sightseeing trip …
GOVERNANCE:CSR and
public policies on CSR are key parts of
governance----
But how fit them into the map?
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Business
‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees)
- Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)
Government
Civil society
Regulation – the traditional way …
Source: Steurer 2013
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Government sightseeing
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Hard regulation sightseeing
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Hard regulation sightseeing: Legally mandated solution of acid rain problem
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
CSR as new form of regulation
Business
Government
Civil society
CSR as
industry self-regulation
- Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements
- Audit /certification schemes
‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees)
- Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)
business self-regulation: businesses
specify rules, self-monitor their
conduct and self-enforce
compliance
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
CSR as industry self-regulation
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
CSR as new form of regulation
Business
Government
Civil society
CSR as firm self-regulation -
Philanthropy - CSR integration
- CSR innovation
CSR as
industry self-regulation
- Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements
- Audit /certification schemes
‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees)
- Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
CSR as business self-regulation
Philanthropy
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
CSR integration
CSR as business self-regulation
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
CSR innovation (product or process): first hybrid cars
CSR as business self-regulation
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Business
Government
Civil society
‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees)
- Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)
Civil regulation-Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU)
CSR as
industry self-regulation
- Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements
- Audit /certification schemes
What shapes CSR?
CSR as firm self-regulation -
Philanthropy - CSR integration
- CSR innovation
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Civil regulation: sightseeing in the North Sea
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Civil regulation: sightseeing in the North Sea
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
What shapes CSR?
Business
Government
Civil society
‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees)
- Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)
Private co-regulation - Certification schemes - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze)
Civil regulation-Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU) CSR as firm self-regulation
- Codes of conduct
- Strategic CSR/stake- holder management
CSR as
industry self-regulation
- Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements
- Audit /certification schemes
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Civil co-regulation: sightseeing in supermarkets
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Civil co-regulation: sightseeing in supermarkets
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
What shapes CSR?
Business
Government
Civil society
‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees)
- Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)
Private co-regulation - Certification schemes (FSC, MSC) - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze)
Civil regulation-Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU)
‚Soft‘ regulation – or CSR policies
CSR as
industry self-regulation
- Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements
- Audit /certification schemes
CSR as firm self-regulation -
Philanthropy - CSR integration
- CSR innovation
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
What shapes CSR?
Business
Government
Civil society
‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees)
- Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)
Private co-regulation - Certification schemes (FSC, MSC) - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze)
Civil regulation-Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU)
‚Soft‘ regulation – or CSR policies
Public co-regulation:CSR policies
& CSRat the same time
CSR as
industry self-regulation
- Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements
- Audit /certification schemes
CSR as firm self-regulation -
Philanthropy - CSR integration
- CSR innovation
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
What shapes CSR?
Business
Government
Civil society
‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees)
- Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)
Private co-regulation - Certification schemes (FSC, MSC) - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze)
Civil regulation-Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU)
‚Soft‘ regulation – or CSR policies
CSR as
industry self-regulation
- Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements
- Audit /certification schemes
CSR as firm self-regulation -
Philanthropy - CSR integration
- CSR innovation
Public co-regulation:
CSR policies& CSR
at the same time
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Themes
Inst ruments
How public authorities promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Themes
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
b) Economic
c) Informational
d) Partnering
e) Hybrid
How public authorities promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procurement;o Applying SRI;
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
b) Economic
c) Informational
d) Partnering
e) Hybrid
How public authorities promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal (soft regulation)
Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) Economic
c) Informational
d) Partnering
e) Hybrid
How public authorities promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
Laws requiring CSR reporting; regualte private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) EconomicSupport NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes
c) Informational
d) Partnering
e) Hybrid
How public authorities promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
What shapes CSR?
Business
Government
Civil society
‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees)
- Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)
Private co-regulation - Certification schemes (FSC, MSC) - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze)
Civil regulation-Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU)
‚Soft‘ regulation – or CSR policies
CSR as
industry self-regulation
- Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements
- Audit /certification schemes
CSR as firm self-regulation -
Philanthropy - CSR integration
- CSR innovation
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
Laws requiring CSR reporting; regualte private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) EconomicSupport NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes
SRI tax incentives
c) Informational
d) Partnering
e) Hybrid
How public authorities promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
Laws requiring CSR reporting; regualte private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) EconomicSupport NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes
SRI tax incentives
c) InformationalGuidelines for CSR reports
Information on Sustainable Public Procurement
d) Partnering
e) Hybrid
How public authorities promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) LegalLaws requiring CSR reporting; regualte private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) EconomicSupport NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes
SRI tax incentives
c) InformationalGuidelines for CSR reports
Information on Sustainable Public Procurement
d) PartneringNegotiated agreements
e) Hybrid
How public authorities promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
What shapes CSR?
Business
Government
Civil society
‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees)
- Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)
Private co-regulation - Certification schemes (FSC, MSC) - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze)
Civil regulation-Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU)
‚Soft‘ regulation – or CSR policies
CSR as
industry self-regulation
- Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements
- Audit /certification schemes
CSR as firm self-regulation -
Philanthropy - CSR integration
- CSR innovation
Public co-regulation:
negotiated agreements
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
Laws requiring CSR reporting; regualte private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) EconomicSupport NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes
SRI tax incentives
c) InformationalGuidelines for CSR reports
Information on Sustainable Public Procurement
d) PartneringNegotiated agreements
e) HybridProduct labels (informational & economic)
Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement
How public authorities promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Common characteristics & differences
(Source: Steurer 2010)
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation) Common:
All CSR policies represent soft regulation (non-binding – and if binding rules: voluntary adoption)
BUT big differences:
-Scope: Can be rather passive (emphasising business self-regulation) or pro-active (emphasising civil regulation and co-regulation)-Good and bad practices: in every theme with every instrument-Most promising …
b) Economic
c) Informational
d) Partnering
e) Hybrid
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
How governments promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) EconomicSupport NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes
SRI tax incentives
c) InformationalGuidelines for CSR reports
Information on Sustainable Public Procurement
d) PartneringNegotiated agreements
e) HybridProduct labels (informational & economic)
Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
How governments promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) EconomicSupport NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes
SRI tax incentives
c) InformationalGuidelines for CSR reports
Information on Sustainable Public Procurement
d) PartneringNegotiated agreements
e) HybridProduct labels (informational & economic)
Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
How governments promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) EconomicSupport NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes
SRI tax incentives
c) InformationalGuidelines for CSR reports
Information on Sustainable Public Procurement
d) PartneringNegotiated agreements
e) HybridProduct labels (informational & economic)
Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
How governments promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) EconomicSupport NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes
SRI tax incentives
c) InformationalGuidelines for CSR reports
Information on Sustainable Public Procurement
d) PartneringNegotiated agreements
e) HybridProduct labels (informational & economic)
Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
How governments promote CSR
(Source: Steurer 2010)
Themes
1. Raise awareness and build capacities
for CSR
2. Improve disclosure and transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible
Investment (SRI)
4. Lead by example ino Public procuremento Applying SRI
Inst ruments
a) Legal(soft regulation)
Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels
Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27)
b) EconomicSupport NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes
SRI tax incentives
c) InformationalGuidelines for CSR reports
Information on Sustainable Public Procurement
d) PartneringNegotiated agreements
e) HybridProduct labels (informational & economic)
Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement
But „w
alking the talk“
requires more …
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Sightseeing continued …
City of Vienna: „ÖkoKauf“
Basics of SPP:-Legal clarity-Action Plan-Information, guidelines & trainings-Budgets
Beyond that:-Leadership & lighthouse projects that save (!) money (detergents in hospitals)-Awareness campaigns-Break habits through (often personal) persuasion-Elaborate product criteria & database
The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer
Sightseeing continued …
Birmingham City Council: the Charter for Social Responsibility
Emilia Romagna Public Procurement
Policy
City of Malmö: Monitoring
compliance with SRPP criteria
Region Flanders’ Procurement Policies
Steurer & Martinuzzi: CSR Policies in the EU-27 ESDN Conference 2008, 1 July
Thank you for joinging me on this trip!
Reinhard Steurer
BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Email: [email protected]
Main sources (please write me an email if you cannot access them):
Steurer, R. (2010): The role of governments in Corporate Social Responsibility: characterising public policies on CSR in Europe, in: Policy Sciences, 43/1, 49-72.
Steurer, R. (2013): Disentangling governance: A synoptic view of regulation by government, business and civil society, in: Policy Sciences, 46/4, 387-410.