Emmons & Olivier Resources, Inc. (EOR) / www.eorinc.com
Stormwater Reuse Design Calculator Meghan Jacobson, PhD Brett Emmons, PE, LEED AP BD+C Funded by: Mississippi WMO Minnehaha Creek WD
Outline
Old Technique Rediscovered Stormwater & Water Use The Need for a Tool The Reuse Calculator Applications & Conclusions
Old Technique Rediscovered
Common practice globally Forgotten in the U.S.
Intersecting Stormwater & Water Use
Evolving stormwater standards
Intersecting Stormwater & Water Use
Unsustainable water use
Source: Minnesota Public Radio News
The Need for a Tool
Consume stormwater &
reduce potable water uses
The Reuse Calculator
Relatively simple Incorporates timing of rainfall
& irrigation Estimates quantity & quality
Model Setup
Irrigation Area
Off-site Source
Water & Phosphorus Budget
Watershed & Storage Inputs
Airrigation ft 2
Dirrigation in/dayBegin/End 5 to 9 monthAwatershed acres
%Imp, connected %%Imp, disconnected %CNImp, disconnected
CNpervious
CW-TP ppbCW-orthoP ppb
Vbasin ft 3
Vstorage ft 3
Lbasin ftWbasin ftDbasin ft
Side slope ratioEvaporation 1=on; 0=offVbasin, initial ft 3
250109,700
8,554
106
250131
174,2400.5
INPUTS
WATERSHED
IRRIGATION
STORAGE
1
8.841%
57410
0%
54,850
Tabular Output Summary
100% 0% 71% 36% -7% % Total Vol163,250 0 116,688 58,539 -11,977 Vol (ft3/yr)
100% 0% 51% 52% -4% % Total P1.90 0.00 0.97 0.99 -0.07 TP (kg/yr)
100% 0% 96% 29% -25% % Total Vol190,984 0 182,679 55,263 -46,957 Vol (ft3/yr)
100% 0% 60% 52% -12% % Total P2.22 0.00 1.33 1.16 -0.27 TP (kg/yr)
100% 0% 74% 21% 5% % Total Vol276,629 0 204,051 58,783 13,795 Vol (ft3/yr)
100% 0% 47% 52% 1% % Total P3.21 0.00 1.50 1.68 0.04 TP (kg/yr)
100% 0% 80% 29% -9% % Total Vol210,288 0 167,806 57,528 -15,047 Vol (ft3/yr)
100% 0% 53% 52% -5% % Total P2.44 0.00 1.27 1.27 -0.10 TP (kg/yr)
To Overflow
To Irrigation
To Evaporation
To Sedimentation
Change in Storage
OUTPUTSFrom the
WatershedUnits
ALL
WET
DRY
AVERAGE
Rainfall Year
Tabular Output Summary
-100,000
-50,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
DRY AVERAGE WET ALL
Volu
me
(ft3 /y
r)
Change inStorage
Evaporation
Irrigation
Overflow
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
DRY AVERAGE WET ALL
P (k
g/yr
)
Change inStorage
Sedimentation
Irrigation
Overflow
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
DRY AVERAGE WET ALLVolu
me
(% W
ater
shed
Flo
w)
Change inStorage
Evaporation
Irrigation
Overflow
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
DRY AVERAGE WET ALL
P (%
Wat
ersh
ed L
oad)
Change inStorageSedimentation
Irrigation
Overflow
Graphical Output Summary
Dry Year
Ave. Year
Wet Year
SUMMARY:Annual Basin Dynamics
05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,00050,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
1/1 4/11 7/20 10/28
Ove
rflow
Vol
ume
(cub
ic fe
et)
Volu
me
in B
asin
(cub
ic fe
et)
DRY YEAR (2009)
Overflow Volume at Overflow Minimum Volume Basin
05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,00050,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
1/1 4/11 7/20 10/28
Ove
rflow
Vol
ume
(cub
ic fe
et)
Volu
me
in B
asin
(cub
ic fe
et)
AVERAGE YEAR (2011)
Overflow Volume at Overflow Minimum Volume Basin
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
1/1 4/11 7/20 10/28
Ove
rflow
Vol
ume
(cub
ic fe
et)
Volu
me
in B
asin
(cub
ic fe
et)
WET YEAR (2007)
Overflow Volume at Overflow Minimum Volume Basin
SUMMARY:Annual Basin Dynamics
00000111111
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
1/1 4/11 7/20 10/28
Ove
rflow
Vol
ume
(cub
ic fe
et)
Volu
me
in B
asin
(cub
ic fe
et)
DRY YEAR (2009)
Overflow Volume at Overflow Minimum Volume Basin
00000111111
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
1/1 4/11 7/20 10/28
Ove
rflow
Vol
ume
(cub
ic fe
et)
Volu
me
in B
asin
(cub
ic fe
et)
AVERAGE YEAR (2011)
Overflow Volume at Overflow Minimum Volume Basin
00000111111
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
1/1 4/11 7/20 10/28
Ove
rflow
Vol
ume
(cub
ic fe
et)
Volu
me
in B
asin
(cub
ic fe
et)
WET YEAR (2007)
Overflow Volume at Overflow Minimum Volume Basin
Modeled Volume Benefits
Highly Developed
Increasing benefits up to 1” Residential
Increasing benefits up to 2” Suburban
Increasing benefits up to 2.5”
Modeled Phosphorus Benefits
Highly Developed
Maximum removal of ~50% Residential
Maximum removal of ~80% Suburban
Maximum removal of ~95%
Conclusions
1. Retrofit existing ponds and
developments for LID
2. Achieves more volume reduction in less space
3. Tool effective for optimizing storage size
4. Green space is often limiting
Many thanks to:
October 16, 2013MN Water Resources Conference
Restoring the Balance: Water Supply Planning in the Twin Cities
Metropolitan Area
Ali Elhassan, Lanya Ross, Brian DavisMetropolitan Council
“And it never failed that during the dry years the people forgot about the rich years, and during the wet years they lost all memory of the dry years. It was always that way.”
John Steinbeck, East of Eden
Council Role in Water Supply Planning
o 2005 legislation - “Carry out planning activities addressing the water supply needs of the metropolitan area” (MN Statutes, Sec. 473.1565)
o Twin Cities Metropolitan Area Master Water Supply Plan – 2010
o Ensure a sustainable water supply for current and future generations
o 2005 legislation - Advisory Committee (MAWSAC)
o State agencies, Counties, Municipalities/utilities
32
Water Supply Planning Unit- Capabilities• Technical Studies
– Groundwater- Surface Water Interaction– Sensitivity of Glacial Aquifers– Recharge Potential
• Tools– Metro Model 2– Conservation Toolbox– Stormwater Reuse Guide– Groundwater Recharge Map
• Collaboration– State: Natural resources, Health– MAWSAC– U of M, US Geological Survey, MN
Geological Survey– Municipalities and Utilities– Consultants
Findings
• Current approach to water supply management and development is unsustainable
• Aquifer levels declined –depleted
• Lakes, Stream and wetlands damaged
Average Metro WaterUse (Million Gallons
per Day)
333 M
113 M
Metro Region in 2010Population: about 3 Million
Ground-water
Surface Water
Total Use = 446 MGD
Aquifers are Impacted
Surface Waters are Impacted
Example - White Bear Lake
Av Metro Water Use(MGD)
450 M
130 M
Metro Region in 2030 Projected Population: about 3.5 Million
Ground-water
Surface Water
Total Use = 580 MGD
Metro Model 2
10/16/2013
o U.S. Geological Survey Code
o 9 geology layers
o 33 streams
o 962 lakes & wetlands
o DNR pumping data
2030 Prairie du Chien – Jordan: Business as Usual
Aquifer Drawdown< 5 feet
5-10 feet
10-20 feet
20-30 feet
30-40 feet
2030 Drawdown > 50% Available Head: Prairie du Chien-Jordan
8
• “Business As Usual” is not a solution
– Recognizing limits on regional groundwater supplies
– Balanced use of surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water
Future Directions
Surface Water
Communities can potentially switch to Surface Water
Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer
Surface Water Sources9,500 cfs( 2.2 Trillion GPY)
4,900 cfs(1.1 Trillion GPY)
6,000 cfs(1.4 Trillion GPY)
4.7 Trillion Gallonsof river water flowing in the metro area
39 Billion Gallonsdiverted annually
5 MinutesTurn off the faucet
5 HoursFix a leak
5 DaysAudit your water use
5 WeeksUpdate your home
5 MonthsLearn your landscape
Water Conservation Tips
REUSE
• Region needs to– Restore Balance among water
sources– Maintain and enhance recharge
capability– Conservation
• Council needs in partnership with stakeholders to– Develop plans and projects that
ensure sustainable water supply
Conclusion
10/16//2013
Designed by Nancy Ellefson
Wayne P. Anderson P. E. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Jennifer Olson Tetra Tech David Wall, MPCA ; Kellie DuBay, Tetra Tech
September 2013
Interagency Coordination Team
Strategy includes…. • Goals and milestones • Nutrient monitoring/trends • Estimates of recent progress • Priority nutrient sources and watersheds • Scenarios to meet 1st milestones • Agricultural strategies • Wastewater strategies • Tracking progress into future
Goals and Milestones
Basin Pollutant
Phase 1 Milestone (by 2025)
Phase 2 Milestone
Phase 3 Milestone
Mississippi River Phosphorus 35% reduction
45% reduction
No net increase
Nitrogen 20% reduction 30% reduction
45% reduction
Red River (Lake Winnipeg)
Phosphorus 10% reduction Adapt goals as necessary
Nitrogen 13% reduction Adapt goals as necessary
Lake Superior Phosphorus 3% reduction No net increase
Nitrogen Maintain protection Statewide Groundwater/ Source Water
Nitrogen Meet the goals of the 1989 Groundwater Protection Act
How to Meet Goals and Milestones?
Approach… • Focus Strategy on high priority sources • Estimate recent progress • Develop possible scenarios • Identify program-related activities needed to
implement strategy • Use adaptive management
Recent Progress…BMPs Since 2000 • Quantify progress made
using data on BMPs o 16 programs o Needed outcomes + spatial
data
• Spatial and loading data compiled o NRCS EQIP o RIM o BWSR’s eLINK o Wastewater
• Used to inform Milestones
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Recent Progress is the percent of baseline load remaining after accounting for reductions
27% reduction
Sources and Priority Sectors
Basin Priority phosphorus sources Priority nitrogen sources
Mississippi River
Cropland runoff, permitted point sources, and stream bank erosion
Agricultural tile drainage and cropland groundwater
Lake Superior
Nonagricultural rural runoff, permitted point sources, and stream bank erosion
Permitted point sources
Lake Winnipeg
Cropland runoff and nonagricultural rural runoff
Cropland groundwater
Agriculture + Wastewater
Ag Best Management Practices Phosphorous • Increasing Fertilizer Use
Efficiencies o Achieve target soil test
phosphorus (P Index) o Subsurface banding
• Field Erosion Control • Conservation tillage
• Increase and Target Living Cover o Riparian buffers o Cover crops o Conservation reserve
Nitrogen • Increasing Fertilizer Use
Efficiencies o Use recommended fertilizer
application rates • Drainage Water Retention
and Treatment o Wetlands o Controlled drainage
• Increase and Target Living Cover o Riparian buffers o Cover crops o Conservation reserve
Ag BMP Scenario - Phosphorus
BMP category Example BMP
Mississippi River Red River
Future adoption
rate
Total new acres
(million acres)
Future adoption
rate
Total new acres
(million acres)
Increasing Fertilizer Use Efficiencies
Achieve target soil test phosphorus and use subsurface banding
90% 1.9 0% 0
Increase and Target Living Cover
Riparian buffers 25% 0.3 60% 0.3
Cover crops 10% 0.3 20% 0.2
Conservation reserve 3% 0.2 0.6% 0
Field Erosion Control
Conservation tillage 91% 7.2 64% 1.4
Ag BMP Scenario – Nitrogen
BMP category Example BMP
Mississippi River Red River
Future adoption
rate
Total new acres
(million acres)
Future adoption
rate
Total new acres
(million acres)
Increasing Fertilizer Use Efficiencies
Use recommended fertilizer application rates 80% 13.2 95% 6.0
Increase and Target Living Cover
Cover crops 10% 0.3 20% 0.2
Riparian buffers 25% 0.3 60% 0.3
Conservation reserve 3% 0.2 0.10% 0
Drainage Water Retention and Treatment
Wetlands and controlled drainage 18% 1.1 25% 0.001
Agricultural Strategies – Increased Adoption of Ag BMPs • Optimization – State and federal program Step Up
Plans, track industry-led BMPs • Economic – Crop yield insurance program, markets
and technologies for use of perennials, trading • Education and Involvement – Targeted campaign,
focus on co-op agronomists and certified crop advisors, producers help develop solutions, AWQCP
• Research – Cover crop establishment, soluble phosphorus, removing nutrients from tile drainage waters
• Demonstration – On-farm trials
Wastewater Scenarios
62% Reduction Since 2000
Wastewater Strategies • Continue Existing Phosphorus Strategy
o Expect additional 50 MTs P reduced (1% of total)
• Develop Nitrogen Strategy based on successful Phosphorus Strategy o Monitoring, management plans, effluent limits
(from standards), trading o Expect 3,100 MTs N reduced (2% of total basin
reduction)
Miscellaneous Source Strategies • Sewage Treatment Systems – Existing program • Stormwater – Existing permits and MIDS • Feedlots – Existing program • Sediment – Statewide sediment reduction
strategy currently under development
Protection Strategies • Red River Tiling and Lake
Superior Loads – Watershed Approach requires protection strategies as part of WRAP development
• Vulnerable Groundwater
Drinking Water Supplies – MDA’s draft Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Plan
Groundwater Nitrate Concentrations
Reduction Scenario to Meet Phase 1 Milestones
Reductions
Mississippi Phosphorus
Mississippi Nitrogen
Progress since Baseline
1,600 0
Agriculture 330 19,600 Wastewater 60 3,100 Miscellaneous 30 0
TOTAL 2,020 22,700
Mississippi River Basin 35% Reduction in P and 20% Reduction in N
Units = Metric Tons
Conversation starts now
Finalize for public review
60-day public review
Public outreach
Address comments
Release final
Present to legislature
End of 2013
Oct 7
Comments are due December 18, 2013
Ackn
owle
dgin
g Strategy Development Team - MPCA • Wayne P Anderson P.E., Strategy Manager • David Wall • Dennis Wasley
Strategy Development Team - Tetra Tech • Jennifer Olson, Consultant Project Manager • Kellie DuBay • Jon Butcher • Heather Fisher • Kevin Kratt
Funding/ support provided through EPA grants & contracts
• EPA Cooperative Agreement CA Number: MX00E0100 • EPA Consultant Contract: EP-C-12-055
Ackn
owle
dgin
g Steering Committee and Work Group Rebecca Flood (Chair), Mark Schmitt, Gaylen Reetz, Jeff Stollenwerk, Wendy Turri, Marni Karnowski, Randy Hukreide, Doug Wetzstein, Glenn Skuta, Katrina Kessler, Steve Woods, Tim Koehler, Marcey Westrick, Mike Schmitt, Carl Rosen, John Nieber, Gary Sands, Greg Buzicky, Rob Sip, Dan Stoddard, Mary Hanks, Bruce Montgomery, Ron Struss, Steve Hirsch, Steve Colvin, Dave Wright, Tom Hogan, Randy Ellingboe, Jeff Freeman, Leisa Thompson, Judy Sventek, Mary Gail Scott, Larry Rogacki, Don Baloun, Myron Taylor, Carissa Spencer, Wanda Garry, Jim Stark, Dave Lorenz Wastewater Focus Group -- Marco Graziani, Dennis Wasley, Casey Scott, Aaron Luckstein, Larry Rogacki, Mary Gail Scott, Judy Sventek, Steve Weiss, Nicole Blasing, Bruce Henningsgaard, Bill Priebe, Mike Trojan
Agricultural Focus Group -- John Nieber, Bill Lazarus, Joe Magner, Bruce Wilson, Al Kean, Chris Lenhart, Bobbi Hernandez, John Lamb, Fabian Fernandez, David Mulla, Bruce Montgomery, Gary Sands, Dave Wall, Wayne Anderson, Carissa Spencer, Larry Baker, John Baker, Mike Schmitt, Forrest Izuno, Heidi Peterson, Joshua Stamper, Nick Gervino, Larry Gunderson, Bill Thompson, Greg Johnson
Designed by Nancy Ellefson
http://www.pca.state.mn.us/zihy1146