CORRELATION OF TEE CAMPBELL

STRANDLINES ALONG THE NORTaWESTERN

MARGIN OF GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ

National Library Bibliothèque nationale du Canada

Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques

The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une îicence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a la National Li'brary of Canada to Biblotheqye nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distri'bute or sell reproduire, prêter, distniuer on copies of this thesis in microfonn, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous papa or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/. de

reproduction sur papier ou sur format électroniqye.

The author retsiins ownership of the L'auteur conseme la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the &oit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fkom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiek may be printed or othenivise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced -out the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation.

FACULTY OF GRADUATE SWDIES ++*a*

COPYRIGRT PER3IJSSION PAGE

A ThuWrac~com sttbmitted to tbe Facuity of Gtadaate Studiu of The t'nnftrsity

of Bhnitoba in partid fiilfillnrent of the qaiicments of the dcgnt

Joha A. Bajbam 1997 (c)

Permission bu been granted to the Libmry of The Univtmty of Manitoba to lend or sel1 copies of this thesWpmcdcum, to the Nationai Libm y of Canada ta microfilm thW thesis

and to lend o r scll copies of the film, and to DWse~tions Abtracts International to publkh an abstract of this thesidpdcam.

The author raeivcr 0 t h pabüation rights, and neither thb thesirlpmcticim nor extensive estr~etr fmm it may be prioted or otherrvfrc reproduced without the author's

wfitten p e ~ i o n .

Chaptes 5 . The Cliiipbdl S- TbeirNmnernd Condation ............... 57 ................................................ 5*1Iiisrochiction 57

.......................................... 5.2Wpptd S m 57 5.2.1 M o u s ShidialndMrpo ............................. 57 5 . 2 . 2 m P h .......................................... a

.................................. 5.2.3FiddReco~ 62 ........................................ 5.3 S ~ C a ~ o n 63

................................... 5.3.1 P~dC0IIC)lfion 63 5.3.1.1 Co~onaOmthe cclthan outla to Dauphin, Manitoba

........................................... 65 5.3.1.2 CondltionFnwiDoipbiiS Miaaabr, to Hucbn Bay.

S a h t c k ~ ................................ 66 5.3.1.3 Co~cmhmHihonBaytoNiprWrS S m h t c k m

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.3.1.4 Cmeirron âomNiipiwiiS SulPtcbearoi to the

.............................. WlpmcidriHilh 76 5 . 3 . 1 J ~ n w u t o f ~ W . p . n d d o & l l r ........... 85

5 . 3 ~ 2 C o ~ o n U ~ P r l ~ o o n C o m d ~ I k t c r .......... 88

........................................... . Chapter 6 The GPS Survy 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1GPSTbéotydPnerice 100

................................... 6 . 2 ~ d T ~ . 105 6.3CiPSSuwey~ ......................................... 113

........................................ 6.3.1 Istroduction 113

6.3.2 GPS S w a y ComctionadEmnr ...................... 115 6 . 3 . 3 - S m ......................................... 117

C-8 . R e b o u d i a d I œ ~ I m p ~ a t i o n 8 ~ t h e N ~ ~ u d G l o b r l .......................................... EmmOmneidilaiiape 141

............................................... 8. l-ction 141 8 . 2 R c b w a d ~ l ï t U d a m d R i t a ~ t b t U p p a r n d L o w a ~

............................................. S t m d b 141 .................... 8.3NotthwcdanRsbairdd~Cbtondaay 144

..................... 8.3.1-atbtNo-OUtld 144 8.3.2 ~ v i w F m r eu the ~ t i d ofthe

C i ~ S p U w i y ................................ 147 8.3.3 Proposui Amauhum to Thorleibn's (1996) (Mld Cbmaology

................................................ 150 ..................... 8 . 4 I i n p I i c a t i o n s f o r G i o b r l E a v i i o ~ ~ 154

........................ 8.4.1 The CiureoftkYaiqgaDryu 154 8.4.2. Solth d F i a (1996) HypotbnU iw the Y- Dcyu

T a m i d o n ...................................... 154 8.4.3 AhaaitiveSZypothCrYto 8LdceAg888izSairosf9rtheC1~

SpiUanyFonn8tion ................................. 155 8.4.4 Codons for Lake Agusit'r Rde ni the Tmdmtion of the

YauoegDiyubyovaaoWtbfoughtheNo~ûitlet . 158

F i g 3 4 L J r s A g u r L ~ c r r r t c d b y j o ~ L o b u e ~ o a ~ t b c W War @on with those offobnnon (1946) rad projectiqg the mnd hto the mrthenendoftbebuh ...................................... .... 40

F i g . 3 - 7 T b r 1 t m m = W a n n W r w r i a o f n i v d U b t b c Richmad G u l P a f F h u l i n i i B r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Fig. 3-8 ~ i l l u i r n r i o a o f t & ~ & s a ~ i n ~ t o ~ o n . a) a e i r t h e ~ o € r n i œ ~ o a ~ ~ p h n c t . ~ ~ ~ i r a h n c t i o n o t t h e g m n r i t i o a i l ~ u u î r i w r h d t V E f i O l l o i t ~ t b e m u r o f gkhlicc. r a d b ) w i î h t b e d & d a L a o f i ~ a r t h b s o c i t h t h e i a . . 44

Fi 3 - 9 ~ n t n n r f b r O u t a S d 1 e S ~ W a G m d d . . . . . . . . . . 46 F i . 4 - 1 ~ 0 f ~ & ~ d b ~ r n d ~ d t V d i O i U ~ t h a W g . n o l r h E l ü l s

dthcCkuwitsrRiva,kyoadtbcTdkretd (1983)rrciofLilaAgurm IB&IUU~. . . . . . . . . . .... ........ ..... .. .... ..........*.... 48

Fig. 4-2 M.xanimuctcatof~Agucitr9 ,9ûûBPto~ndwabacwlymrppcd -llijlddribait 70,000hii!~totbeWP .................. 48

Fi*. 4-3?ws M. d P i i (1993) d m b g the encm 0 t h Clruvmr- LowaAthdmsa8pilhmy8lMidati ................................. 50

Fig. 44 A fdcolubllction ofmntr dateci to the kd.i.;aian ofthe Chiscbill Riva Vrlley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Fg.4-5 ~110rthwcrtanoutlctcbrmdmrdrtiontotlmN~mradUppaCliopkll wita p h plotted p a p m â i ~ to the T d k ud Thorleifbon (1983) hobma

. . . . . * . . . . . . * . . . * , . . . . * C . . . * . * . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Eg. 5-1 Tba marrinnim Bdeat of- Aguit rfkr T d k d d (1983) inckiding tha

nunaoftbebiU,f0~thcacirpmairrkngt&northwtrtan~ofthe b. ................. .... ........... ..... . ......... .... ..... . 58

Fu. 5-2 Tk of b A@z vlta T d k rt oL (1983) thc bations ofpoteitiii CampM levd pdeo-lagoom invcrtilpted by vi'bncott. . 6 1

Fg. 5-3 Gcaml morpho10gy of C m p M levd dMdliner rnd thir nLtioa to wrta pLneuoboavcciaarSwrnRivasMmaok . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Fi. 5 - 4 A i r p h a o o f t b ~ ~ ~ ~ M i i i i t o k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Flg. 5-5 Codation ofthe Uppa CMpbdt crrvdlins h m DaaJphh, Minit* to La

Ronge, S m k a W m ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Fg. 5-6 Condlxion oftba Lower Campbdi itrindline Dauphin, M d t o b to Li

Ronge,h&atcbm .*............. .......... .................. 69 F i s 5-7 1:12,.000 d e air photo ofBrdcen Pipc Lake, natbmrt of Dripbia, I i h W a

. . ........ .................... ....... .. ....... . .......... . 70 Fig. 5 - 8 V m b m ~ t o w c b a d o f h W ~ b i i a ~ D P r p a a u d S -

RNer.Miaitobr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Fig. E 9 W a A g u i i t ~ ï n ~ S w r n R i v s r r n i . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Fig. 5-10 1 : 6 O s û û û r i r p b o t o o f L & e ~ ~ # i t h c r i t o f ) h b a i ~

S 8 d m a h m *......*....... .,,a ....,~........*... .. ........ * 74 Fig. 5-11 ~ a t a a ~ e n r r y i n t h e U p p e r ~ ~ o f a u d r a n

Bay. S 8 s b c h m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Fw.5-12SdQilgsokgyoftheNe-m .................. 77 P i 5-13 1:60, 0001iirpbot0atbc#uthddB@SadyLJto ................. 78 Fig . 5-14 1:6û, ûûûlrirpbotoodthcicqioabctw#atbe~eadofBigSiody~rnd

t b a c o c i d i d ~ o b t b a w ' ~ ............................... 80 Fw 5-15An-int&UjCuapôûi*rt JyhyLJta ............... 81 Fi g. El6 1:6û, 000rabrirpbotoaiphodtbsCliapWrtMdEaavoMdthe

~Zrhdtkw.p lwdd0Eblr ............................ 82 F i s 5-17 1:60, 000 iirphoto thc a# Zdc ofthe W w BPh ........... 83 F i 5 - 1 8 P b W b m m a ~ J o a e t b a n a t h * o f t b s W ~ I b l h - 81 Fu . 5-19 1:6& 000 d e Air pboto dtbt Lawa Cmipkll sümadh (idmi V) ir the

~onofagbwigr165radZibait25hnradhdLiRoiigc, Sdmtdmm 86 Fi 5-20 1.60. 000 air photo of OrrOag Lûœ, slilptcbrma. west ofthe juaction of

hj#nmy8 1 6 5 d 9 1 0 ~ r i g b h r a d c o m a ) ....................... 87 Ftg . 5-21 Ciou#criontbroighBrahnPipd,b ........................... 89 Fi . 5-22 1.60. O00 d e rh photo of tk rtrPdlina (nmM V) raith ast of

....................................... -Biy.- 95 F i g . 5-23 1.60. 000 d e air photo of Ruby Wrt, mrth ofHidaon Bays SabWmmn % Fig . 5-24 -up t b e v a i - a m r y r t c m o n i d ~ p o a d Wimd r Lowa

CPnpbdlbmchridgc~ofIhdionBrl, Ri.htchnvai ............ 98 Fig . 6 1 Cl& aror in GPS rrceivar auses the cdaiktion ofthe ReQYds dirtmec

dromrut.litotoôe~ltd~t@rado-mgm) ........................ 1û2

Fig . 6-3 ûn top ofthe mad m f i n La Ronge, WkdmmÏ, the bue rrccinr ( i ide the kidra)irbaqep~o~withtheimrllhMd-hddmscompuiato~ rdhgscvay5~ndstbrougbanthedry ......................... 106

Fig . 6 4 T h e r o v a ~ ~ d & t b c ~ ) . *vbichudedoutmta tkfiddradir advatdby~iiwbinb&klDOS~~~thtwuuudtoprosrpnthcûase

.................. ................... ............... 107 Fig . 6-5 T b e m o b l e r n t c n n i c r n k ~ ~ ~ o n i M b i c l e r o t h i t ~ c u i

.................................. betrlmidinalgfîmmthavchide 109 Fig . 6-6 Wbm data p o b me bcyond tk nroh of- the rover mc6ver an k

c u r i d i n d ~ o n a 2 m p d e ( m r l t i q g ~ v a t i a l o ~ 2 ~ ...... 110 Fig . 6-7ktrp ofthe n o r t h ~ m u g i n o f L 8 k c ~ ~ t h e k r a loutionsfbr

eachofthenftocnûPSririyloopr ............................... 114 Fig.6%AniidatmipfWthenvCGPS~poiatmipr~~.69~613)sbo~

thclOCIfiOllrndumofachaup .................................. 119 Fig .6 -9PloücdûPSdmpomtrmthe~ irer ......................... 120 Fig.6-lOPloStsdCifSdrripointshthoSwanRivaua ..................... 121 FiibllPlottdGfSdrtrpointsmtbead*wiBry am .................... 122 Pg . 6-12P~GPSdrtipomirhthcNiprwin~i# ........................ 123 Fig . 613 PlattedGPS b e i p o k intbcLaRdiylcum ....................... 124

fis. 7 - 1 ~ 0 f t k W I p r w d d P H & ~ 0 1 1 ~ t & ~ ~ t h s T d k r dniorlaBoa(lS3)iurk.a(.F~ 3 - 6 ) i a d t b c ~ ~ 00ndl;tion(tb8ttbeaindlinc#urhmdwc8tot~L.RoqetirU~ CPiagkn)uriagGPsdMlicmdippointr ........................... 128

Fs 7 - 2 ~ 0 f t b t W l p o w a k . B i l l r 1 t g h ~ t h t ~ ~ t h c T d l a iad Tbdaeoa (1903) iiokra (m F i 3-6) and the œw aûmadb combien (tbsthe~caitbrnd~aELieL.~isLowaCIiPpkll)prine GPS devllfioa data poha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Fi. 7-3 ApbtdCmpbdlOPSdr ipoLrrd iomthi~unayJayplo t tedby~n 888hoctiOlLof~ftom~cadbaiadbpapcadi&~tbtirobuer0f Tder d T h o M b (1-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Fig. 7-4 A com~osit o f F i 64OS 6-1 ls and 612 abwbg CuapWl itrrPdana rad GPSdentioii~swMBncr,MuiaoktoNprwii5SuLrtshaiRug ~ d i n g t O b U C I W i t h 8 ~ m c ( c c ~ m r c n n i .................. 130

Fg.7-5~ba~edoaUppaCrnipWiGPSbripontr .... . . ... . .. .... .. . 131 Fig. 7-6LowaC~@dlGfS b t i p k U r h o w n r p g o o d ~ w î t h U p p g

~ G P S i r o b u a ......................................... 131 Fig. 7-7 Thecim@mmtoftheCmpknctMdlinordthcW~Liüls

tbrougûtbm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Fig. 7-8 A «)mpUiOioil of the Tdla d Thorlcitlurn (1983) irobrcr with tk ro

d n w n G P S i i o k r c r @ i u e ) d a p e c u b d ~ ù o b u e r ( ~ ..... 137 F i i 7-9Rdrtioaibipd~PyC~WladBsmrRivaM0&t0W~

kohmradrpropodiceaurgni ................................ 138 i?îg. 7-1OExtCmdtbiebwrofN0IthAmaicrnim~9~SOOBP.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Fig. 7-1 1 The U j Cliapkn timc iœ mo&i caiiplrad with th0 Tdla rnd Thorleifbon

(1983) irablKtmd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Fig. 7-12nisUpoaCliapkutOnticemoddcompuedwith~newGfS rnd

qecuhdirobuetnnd .................. 0 . . ... .... .. 0 . . ... ... . 140 -8-1 Riterof ~ d ~ t b c w e 3 i a n ~ 0 f ~ & d ~ ~ t h t i m C

of!heUjMdLowaCli ipkUarndünsr.~tbearpoacatirl ~ o f n b o u n d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .... ......... . ............. 143

fig. 8-2 ' % p ~ ~ t 0 3 i d d y s i n d h t b n c w y t f b t r r l r c ~ ~ . .. ... . 145 F3g. 8-3 LoatioamipofLoagLdo(~ l ) ~ ~ W d ~ C 1 e u w a t u S P U w r y

....... * . t.............................. ....... ......... . 148 Fig 8 4 S ~ ~ i r y , n d i O C U b O i l d i t s ~ c u b o n ~ O t ~ ~ 8 i o m L o n g

Wa (sœ PiTi û-3) by Aadaon rnd Lewia (1992) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Fig. 8-5 A: ~ ~ ~ e v r h i a b # G G o b f ~ n k r ( w b i t e v i r i C t y ) b û c ~

BuiacorcEM%PC4pbttdvi.~wahAMSndiocrrbon~iah @mckcre& al, 1989). B: P- ofmmkedcilcrrwur a8amkib ~mthe8unecomplatodonlogdevr d c p d i @ & c b b d W& 1995). .152

Fi. 8-6 R e v i a a l m o c b l f b r t k ~ d e v l s i o n r a d ~ r c u t u o f ~ ~ u a &naionot1'Ctimq w i t h t b c a i m c r o f t h e ~ ~ k i n l r d o ~ t b t t a p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

List of Tables

u a i i i e ~ ~ t o p o e n p h i ~ m i 9 a , - ~ ~ m i p c , ~ m i p ~ ~

~tnitbiqatbtUppa8ndLoanrCuapkllirnndliaoofgliclllLJo~whih

u c t b c ~ ~ ~ m o i r a m a ' n i t k i r b a h t ô t ~ w u t ~ ~ m h u p h i n ,

M i i r s r o b . n o r t h w c r t w u d t o w u d t h t ~ R i w r i n m r & œ a t d ~ The

p u r p o s e o f ~ c o n d r t i o 1 1 w u t o ~ X i t w r r p o r r i M e ~ r ~ A g u 9 z t o h v e

O V a f l O W C d ~ a a o ~ a i c l e r o r t h e C i ~ R i v a i m o t h c ~ e R R r a

dninigebasin. T h e r r a i l t r ~ t i u t t h c U p p a ~ c x t a d e d o a i y u t i r a s t h e

northwestem side of the WIprwddo Billr in nonhccmrI about 350 km

southeast of the Ciamatm Riva. Two î b of euidence in the Wlpianldo Hüls rni

~egertthtwitaroftJra~rtthetimcoftbcUppaCrnapknkva~blocIred

~ r a c b i n g t h e m ~ d e t ô y g L Q i l i œ . TheyucthctamllvtionoftheUppa

C.mpbdlrtnadlincoatht~~)rthwcrtcrnrideof~Wrpiwcldri~iadrRpdrWia

~ o f ~ U p p a C i n p k P ~ ~ t b c r a d h a n ~ 0 f t h c ~ ~ t o t h c n o r t h a n

side. The Lowa Clpipbdl krcb, bownm. Qdcadr hrtha to the beyonci the

w r p o - H i l l r . ~ ~ t h e ~ - a i d a .

~ i c e ~ w b i l e t h e L l a ~ r t t b c U p p a ~ 1 ~ Samctuncafk

9,35OBP,krsdaadita~withtbeUppaCliapknrrnadoae, rrpidiœretrutin

tbe~)rthwestexpodt&aorthwertcra~rllo~a~lo~ofWobAguri4

perhaps u a atmtmpbic flood h W by F h iad Smah (1994). This wwld have

cuiscdtbb~lcvdtohllWowtbitofthesoutbaaOUtlet,tcmpoRNtyhlbiagWrs

Agass izdminagcthmughthe~Rivayrtcm. Thesuôaa<lucntnpidiioaitic

rebouad inthemithwatiadiutcdbythencwirobwrddbnnquiddy~tht

d d o n ofthe mrthwestcrn ouflet, evsabPny uusing ifr rbonâoammt rnd f0mhgLJcc

AgurLt0tnnrgnrrbocLtothe~aitkt;~atheLowaClinpknleveL

A I t h a i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t o k t v i A c i r r ! f a L J t c A g u i i z d M v g c t b t o u ~ t &

clm8tt~ S m , it b tbit thc oconcd kba 9,350 B89, iid thenfOr~

caildaotbmkcntbccpueofthtammEtiOnoftheYampaDryu~obrldphit~

10,ûûû BP, ri sugge&d by Smith rnd Fiiba (1996).

ARCTIC OCEAN

hi<lhlighted on the pbotographs, and the information wu copied to 1:50,000 mip shcets.

Prairie-

TheIshinibiinybonisd.rtbcRodRNa-DcrMoiaerIceLobenaitcdnorthofthe

Hiidson ~ M i d & p p i Rinr divide a about 11,700 BP. rnd mdtwrta pondcd in b n t of

the ice (Faston et dB 1983). Wbcn the kvd ofthe ponded watcr reached the devation of

t h e d n i i d e . t h e ~ ~ ~ r w t b t b r o u ~ 1 & M i a n e r r o t r R N a v o l l c y n t O t h e

Mississippi River to the GutfofMexico mg. 2- 1).

2.2 Lnlct Pbrucr

2.2.1Tbe-PLuc

ThciaitirlpaidintbcIJLC'shidoryh,bsaiteâmdtouthcCurPbuc. The

CaoPhucwrr,~,adirmelychortinrditiontotbt~LikeAgwizbiit~ry.md

h i t b a e t O f e ~ b a m c o m b i i w i t h t h c L o J d i r r t P h 8 8 e w a c b ~ t 0 U 0 w e d

it (Thor l~a , 1996). Much of the dmhge during t& LoddPrt P h U to have

bceathraigbthcMesibiRangeQi. 2-2)ofnarbsmMiiinaag a s d e s c r i i b y E W ~

(1983). r n d a a ~ ~ M ~ t h @ t b c n i i ÿ i ~ ~ ~ t l e 0fLJre min SaithDilrou

D u h g the appmxhwdy 8001year LocIthut Phase, the Wre bPrin south of Wdpeg was

- Gui? of Mexico

Fig. 2-9 Lltl Agmrk pakopgnpby it about ll,2ûû BPw Wrr Agassiz at the &man kvd drriniag muth dorbg the bckhut Phme @ùoW'soa, 19%, p 69, Qui. 32).

Hg. 240 Lake Ag-& PrbgcoLrrphy at about 10&û BPw Wiü tbe as te r i br amh(ed to tLrHubu-~(rr(b.mtll)WAyribdritdat.&Gi..tWpa~ u d urt 1. the A t h t k durbg tbt M o o r k J bmtiad (TborW", 1996, p. 72,tigun 35).

2.4 The Nottôtni Estent

2.4.1 Intraâactioa

Tbeaorihan~ofLakeAguritrtrnygivea~lmlwuusuaiiydctamhicd

ôythebationoftheiœmogin. Mostofthcrmndlmafodonlindueninmarble,

h o w e v a t a a t ~ d o a g a c o n l i i i i n g i g n i p e i n ~ d o n g M t h t h e i a . Theody

t r a c a s o f t h a t k ~ t b i t r a n i i n r r r a u i ~ rhhooghmice~poritioniniy

ais0 be infacd at a location wbac a continuous rmndüna endr. la mmgin positions for

~ W r e W i P v e b g E n i t r A b y ~ e n d m o n i n e r t b w g t i t t o k t m i s ~ -

w i t h t h t b k v d . o r b y w t ~ w h a e a n n a d l i n c c i m i o t k t n a d u r y ~ ~ ) r t h

( s o m e t i m t ~ r t ~ O U t l ~ ) r n d ~ ~ r b s c n a i r ~ b p t & p r r i c n a o f i c e

(- 1979; 19213; 1983; Scbreina, 1983,1984; Tborkibon, 1996).

Some ice mugins hve been assigneci absolute rges thmg& the "C datbg of wood

a!macbd with ad molaina (CLy(on rnd MO- 1982).

2.4.2 lackbrt aad Moorlead Ertriit

D d n g t h a L o c l d v r t d ~ r h e d P ~ t b e n o r t h a n ~ o f t h e ~ i c w d l

c o ~ 8 t t h c e u t a n ~ b y ~ O U f l e t c b r o m i o g y d m m o n i n r l f e r n u c i ,

r i d h r r ~ ~ h t h c ~ g t b y ~ d k O ~ r n d 8 h U m 0 ~ ~ .

l b ~ t b a ~ ~ ~ ~ d l t C l i r i r ; . " . l W & ~ ~ ~ ~ d l l t d ~ ~

the of absotute ylcr to Wa lavdr rnd daûs (CLyton ad Mo* 1982).

Fig. 2-13 A iorthweatem Moorhcrid/Eœem Pb- ir. ma- (Cbrliauwi, 1979. p. 934). (llrn 17).

! I ! I i '6.. t.. ..,

t

of Dauphin, M;anitoba (Fig 2-12), which suôsapcnsiy rebeded u fu aorth u the Berva

Rivs-P- 2-13). Thn atmntly "C dfta rsiociiiad wah PU

Moraine-

T & w e s m 1 ~ n i d i ~ ~ i i 2 - 1 2 ) b u b œ a e r t i m i t c d byTborldbn

(1996) to k about 10,900 BP (Fi 24), and he codates an icc ruargjn saith of Swan RiVQ

(Fig 2-14) widi the HMsirn Moche at about 10,400 BP Fig. 2-10). Scbrewr (1983).

w h o u s e s r ~ d 1 ' C ~ ~ c s t i r r m e i a ~ ~ p l r w s t & w s s t a n i c e ~ w e U

south ofthe CrrcLihMoninc, dongthe W-Bills at about the ad ofthe

Moorb#d P b (pi 2-19.

T h e ~ o f k k e A g u P z r t t h e ~ B p . m i a ~ j w t ~ t o t & ~ I d & o p

at the bghbg ofthe M i o o ~ P M 0.e. about ll.lûû BP), using 9i ateat rUiiüP to

nialeiboo (19%) Fig 2-3), bu b akiiari to k 155,000 k d , with 8 totd wrta

volume o f 12,850 bd (Mhn et d, 1997b).

24.3 Emcnon and M o h Extent

~thaEmswmP~thecutarnicemirgmrgMreaertedontyrliehlly,fiom

34

gkbîal rbo show 8 brge depee dcnrrtil defodon Jrmt*esoa (1865, p. 178) o b d

dong the coutlines of <iheeiilud, No-# Swcden, Great Brbh, the Uaitcd States, and

Goldthanit 1908) s h o d that the older s b o ~ exbibited mon defônnrtion tbui the

the modem devation of i point on the rtMdline subtrrcted âom the on- rbordiiLe

devation ir the ampihie ofrrbound at tbrt point since the formation of die stnndline. For

~ ~ 7 T h c 1 ~ ~ t i o 0 t d n l . t l v e r u l r v d e o ~ e f ~ 8 r t r i a d r r h t d b c r c b c r h t l n ~ d GiiHdHudmn Bay (Ptltkr, 1H4, pl%, figure 2).

F5g. 3-9 Emergeaœ ciirva for Ootcr Samdrr Stnwod, Wed Gmdaad. Cowe A b iït to the data +ta dTca Brirk(l974). Cowe B i~ idjasted for the gravCWbi dlli dke oi tkwrtcr, mdniweC&rd/iutcdforboSLtk-&dudtkdlcctdtutra-ciort.l -mpm(-19td, p3U,mm3).

Christiansen (1979) and S & e k (1983,1984). Sebrema (1983,1984) h w s an open

Recen@, hmtigaïon ofLauhiac femaa in the qgion ofthe ClCuanta Riwr

flow directionai indiamm w g g d q th wrta flowed aorthwcctiiimd kmtbe direction

ofLake Agas& nit0 the adkt have W idaititiad (Smith d Fi , 1993; F i 1993;

Fisbet ind s e 1994).

~ C 2 M u f a P 1 : ~ t . i W U A g ~ . t 9 $ 0 0 B P ( . c o m r ~ d r Y L ~ ~ p d ~ r u d L a ; tat d& about 70,MMl Id urr, to tbe I.kr (Fbher, 1-3, p 138, figure 6.1).

4.2.2 acinrater Spiüway Evûîma

Tbcbadoftbeproposedwithwcaaa~~dilfletîsontheast-west

~Ci tuwitaRivarppdmte iySOhnNNWofL.Locbq Subtchewm(sec

Fie. 4-3). At tbir point the W e S t W U d u CltrrriPrter Riva eaan tbe ~~- lo~gAthk#SPiiwiy, almgeu--dey233 kmIon&witbamrrriminnrdi~of

235 m, anaqedepthof 120n~m4 ~d~mer4pwidth0f4hn.û~o~ghwhichth

modem Clauwater Riva ~ a r as m u d d t rtmm (Fisber rad Smith, 1994). Tbh

sphya6cidrwertwudhitsbadfot 148 kmwbaq atFortMeMuiniy,Abcrta, it

joinstheAthbuaRiver, kadrnortbwudfot~otha85bn,daadrrttbelrtc

Pleistooene Athrbuci bnid delta (Fiirbcr, 1993) @g. 4-3).

Tbc had of the spiuni.y k a large auastomshg cornplat ofchameh separateci by

aosional rrridurl islu. The srrbüizad Enierson P b Lake Agas& anta phne at the

head of the Clcuwtta rpPllany ir pmjected to k about 438 m @hhef rnd Smith, 1994).

Stnadlinerthtgnde9itohrpilhiwyirr@a490m.indi~tbidthirwutbe

highest I d ofthe rpithmy @hkr, 1993). F i (1993) su~ertr tbit a witcr pûne at

490 m muid bave bœa rMe to ovaitop the Iowa# point dong the C M - M i c k h t

-edM&-podMytbcBol~~tRivaMOnine-dt&awaildhnnWthe

o u t i e t i i n t i i t b e I d ~ r t 4 3 8 m

1ncoa5nrS,- t . (1419) ud Scbrrina (l983.1984) -est tM the

C 1 ~ S ~ y w u f 0 Z I I # d b y ~ ~ o f g l d r l M ; # d 0 ~ W q w h i c h L y t o t h

wertofthemririmaimntearofLJca~hthU@on(~Fig 2-15). ! k h m k

(1983,1984) propod that Medow Lake dniaed werrwud through the CleamWcr

Fig. 4-3 Tôe atudy urri of Fbhtr (1993) abaning tbe g q n p h i c estent of the c k . r i V i t e c - ~ e r Athabasca rpiOIvry and delta (Fbber, 1993, p. 3, figure 1.1).

~ ~ T L c 1 o ~ m o r t l e t ~ b n ( . t i o i t o t k N o r r r o u u d U p p c r C m p k P ~ . k r p L w r pbtted peapemdiciilu to tkTdlcr a d T L a r k Y i (1983) h b a w (Fiahet ud SmMb, i994, p%56,~mlI).TLcmiiiodf~Pl~d~rtnidPicloup~t.~rortlwii mgbm @dt aïde dfLii diagram) to tk pm@ttd eqriivrlcnti rbove 438 m ia tbe mthwat itu tk Ckmaîer SpPlivry.

Lower CampbeU

Beach Ridge/Sand Spit r Esammernt I

P i g . S I L l 1 : 6 o ~ r i i p l d e I k g ~ r u t ~ d t b e W 8 p ~ ~ NnaIibtbetrpdthe pbotn T k U p p c r C u p k l ( u n c c d Y ) L a b c v L r # l c i . ~ d r i ~ d t k p l o t o , b u t ~ u ~ - t u h q p ~ t L s d ~ d t b H Y i t o ~ ~ T b W r C . r p k l ( d S ) b a ~ ~ W ~ ~ b ~ i i ~ r o r t i d t k p W u d i i & t i i t k h r ~ d ~ U p p r C m ~ ~ t ) u r t b t L t m r t h d t h h p b b . A ~ d s Y l i r ~ & ( ~ A ) p a d y v l r l L b a i t k i o r l k . r t r i k o f t b e photo obrcurea the itrsmbltir (tugford, 1973, p. 30, plab 10).

Lake Agassiz * W

~ S 2 l C r a r r c t i r U ~ ~ L B r o l r c i ~ W t a . I k 1 I C ~ . C 9 ~ i 7 0 ~ f ~ ~ B ~ j ~ rbove r tLti g d raY tkugbt to compmd to tk p r q n d i t b i dtk Upptr C-pM bmcb spft (M-n, pnp).

sedimeatr (dt md chy) iadidw of like Aga& dimamuion. Depth #nindines of the

ovaothapoaot t luwn,hu imporedr~dddaroroatbcMcf l i t cr . For

- UNCORRECTED OF POSrnON - CORRECTED SPHERE

s W ~ t b c a o d b a O i o a a t h c b 8 s e r & a v a ~ ~ ~ & l o o p h d t o

h~0rp0~~~minyhiownkncbmub~poogb~~t0baur0~~~8biownp0~0f

refwcnce @g. 6-5). The nnt ad lut point of ach unay loop WU Woea it the ne

1oc&m,inr9yini~Iotrdjiaatothehua~~tbCbUCrrcsivarwul~.

Tbishd~monitotuiypoocmtldritththeu~yddibmthbeeiaaiQg~ftbclo~pt~

t h e d Atthccadofthea~vyIoop, 9thcdrtrhmbothtbeôuerndnmrn#iven

weredownloukdintoduIiptopcompita. F r o m t h e r e , t h c R e l t n c c ~ t s o f t w u e

correction values tban othrr (me fbr example 65-c229 and 65-s-224 in atmy 0720 - AppendP). 'Iht umt IJp3r idkates in soma ofthe suppîied bachmdc infbdon.

T h e s u p p W ~ ~ ~ w a e r h m g r c b e c l r s d i e i U p t t b e ~ f i d d l d o n

o f t h e ~ s o t h r t r e a a r y o f t h e ~ d r s i c o u l d b e ~ . Pthcaseof

benebiiprlr 8 1-MM4 IHIU Swia River, ( a u ~ y 0726). th infodoa

placed thebmcbmulrrt8ôout4,2W mwthoftbeaorawdrwbemitwufwadhthc

fieid! I*~cuqthcupp~ddd~~~~l~tokrcaintc,kitthsbatiu,nSrl

i n f O r m v t i o n w u ~ ~ r t h c a t i m i t s d t r u i d o a d f i m m a 1:5O,ûûû rcilcNïS

map. ~kndmirlitOuidintbtfiddhrdmooadiaite~rrmfiona~1eaOmthc

GeOCktk~o f raa rb80 ~ d h m 8 1 : ~ o , ~ r c i k ~ p ~ a e ~ . One

beachark in uch riimy bop, judged to k the most accmte eitba kcauc tbe supplieci

5-31, t l rn should be in &quate cahute for the site location aror of a data point on a

Campbeli Strriidlines , .

Bach RidgdShnd Spit r i [ r q m e a t -- Interpolrtul

%tu -1 Dauphin, Manitoba Sheet 62N

I r A

f . C œ

$ B p I J , Y : 3 Swan River, Manitoba f E - r Map Sheet 63C

- l x 3 . - C 3, !,a (3 t

N

I I 1 I 1 -

- Cirpkn-a

- Hudron Bay, Sarkatchewu M8p ShdS 63D md

1

I I 1

wcre urcd to mih implications about icc mar@ positions during tbe mid-Emnon P b

- Map Sbeet 73-1 *2

GPS Data Points

7.3.1 StrriPdline Evideoce

T k i m ~ o n t b i t t b c U ~ ~ ~ ~ o a t h c

n o i t h w i a t a n i d s o f t h c W ~ W I @ i i 7-2) ~ t h s t h e ~ o n t o t h t ~ o f

theWapiwe~Billrnub~ocbcdbyiœtltbiroimc T k i d u o f c i n i a ~ a t t b i s

l d o n ir aot aew. This k the rpproxunrSe locrtion of tbe 11,000 BP iœ margh depicteci

135

pmdco&udmdrbeicenniFgPr k d u w i a F i i 7 - 8 , t & m - d m m ~ h t h e

h r c k M o ~ 1 1 t r i n m d P o r a i p i a e B i n , m r i t r a n d h i m o r t m ~ ( v r m ~ )

direction thm did t& Tella rad Tboricifinn (19û3) bôms. Tbb ni88cff, tbe doser

p r r w a e c d h t o r b c ~ ~ t b e m d ~ P b o q m g ~ a t b a 1 ~ 0 1 1 0 f T h e

P~Moniw@ig.7-9). ' I b t r o d n w a i i o b w r ~ t k P u q u t ~ t o t h c W ~

Hillr~~thtnLtmlya~~prrrcn~a~fiaahaie~i~ditecdyto~iiath.

ruesimeat show good qmanmt with the 9,500 BP ice moda ofEùigb (1987) w~g. 7-

IO), aswelias thegenmlahpeoftheiœ~rtrbait 10,ûûOBP sbownby Dykeand

Pmt (1987). A coapritoa ofboth the Tella ind Thodeiibn (1983) h h e trrnd d the

n c w U o k & t r r a d w i t h t h e k ~ 0 n o f ~ ( 1 9 8 7 ) is dmwninFiguru 7-11 rnd

7-12, and indi- that the Tdkr ud Thoridbon (1983) bobau only ibow the genarl

diractiondtbe~ice~wbcrarrthencwisobua~emoresciiriimtoindividual

icc lobes.

NI,

C: Present Day

mptu a ~cboriaa UR^ I- M.* ~mpiicia~ar for ~ o r l h r ~ t t m Outlet and GIobrl Enviionmœtaî Chaqp

8.1 htroduction

Prcvioudy pubüs&d work by Fir&r (1993) and Fii&r d Siaah (1994) on the

Mow the levd wtiiirnui by F i (1W3) anil Fubef md Smith (1994.) Fi. 4-51.

T h e ~ ~ ~ O t l c b G m d i s f i k i b w l b y ~ t k ~ i n d e v r a i o n k t w c c a t & t w o

~ t ~ d ü a e r r t r r y g i v a i ~ r a d d M d L i g b y t h e ~ ~ a a m t o f t i m e t b i t ~ d

khaacnthttwbbakds FaT~8.1,tbcm#iatd~ttmcUai;nutwitoba300

*(crlervlv)ge~r. Tbc9,35OBPRdioaiboaQtc, tbemoatrr+énrdate.LcuIEilted

w i t h t h e U p p c c C l i i i p k n ~ m T ~ S . 1 , L u r d ~ t o cshate the terii3miaion of

tkupprcmpbakvd. The9.100BPnliocribonditc,tbcdptpcopo~aHtbeendof

the Emerson P b in Section 5.32, u used to aciriut. the tammaion oftk Loam

Cimpbcnlevd ~ ~ t b c r t & ~ t 0 r i d a c r l y ~ r n ~ h t c d ~ 8 ~ 0 f l ~

daivcd b m tree r@ daa (&ndI rad Tdkr, 1994) ri û-2). nit puta the U'

Clinpkn- 0 t rbair 10,3ûûidarlyamBP, iodtbeLowaCimpkutead&on

at about 10,000 sidarl yan BP.

LONG LAKE

4' Q I

8 8 $

w' A C 8 $ 3 J &f 3 (r' 9 3

w 0 â b 4 O O 8 j

6.5 - a

- a

- -:g - 7.0

I

II

7.5 - - -

Base of cas

8rmn 8 black gyttja

Plant detritus bands in grey sanûy cby

Grey silty / sanûy clay I

. Coarse sand

Light and dark grey Laminated to varue-like cfay

. Banded fine sand

O 10 Coarse sand

1

l b

!

l

I I

~ ' ~ 0 (K. PDB) Reworked (K) 1 0 * -1 -2 -3 1 1 10 100

depth (cm)

averqe 9,869 BP F i , 1993, Fuhar rad Smith, 1994), evbaœ h m the Lake Aguru

subglagrl or supagLarl tllCM)* depositcd the drtcd maerLl Qted by Fisba (1993) and

Br&, W.S., Petet, D., and Riad, D., 1985, Datr the -stmosph= sysian have more thui oie stable mode of opension?; N i , 315, p. 21-25.

BrOecltct, W. S., Kcnaeq I. P., Flower, B. P., Teila. JIM~ T., Tmabore, S., Boaani, G., rnd W- W., 1989, of dtmter h m the -de iœ rhaa durhg the Younger Dryu cold -, Nrdvn (Loadon), 341, p. 3 18-321.

Chckbseq Eh, 1979, The Wmnhaa degkhion of #utban S . i i n t c k a i m rnd rdjace&t MU; Canarb'm J i i of E;ortlC Scicna, 16 (41, p. 913-938.

Cîayton, L., and M;oma, S R , 1982, CbtomIogy of lrtbWmmhm m o n in middle North Amesicr; Quai- Wews, 1, p. 55-82.

De Gœt, G., 1892, On Pleistoceoe chmgu oflml in cuian North Amaica; Pm. B-091 Sor Na HW. 25 p. 45441,470477.

Dyke, AS., and Pmt, VK, 1987, Lra Wmmha rnd &oIoceae bistory of tbc Tsurentide Ict S w WqrqphiepkVsi~ et ~~, 41, p. 237-263.

Elson, I. A, 1%7, Geology of G W Lake In hhyer-O8kes, W.J. (ai.), L@e t r p d d Wotcr. W e Unmrcity of MhnMmnCrr p. 37-95.

Gddthwot, LW., 1908, A mamtrdon of- ~ ~ M C S of tbe utinct gLQll War in the Laice Michigan kiii; J Gd., 16, p. 459476.

H w Tho- A, 19%, The gloimi positionhg Scicltnfc Am-, F e b ~ u y , 1996, p. 44-50.

Hobbs, H o d C., 1983, D m h p nlrtionibip of glrctl h ù t Aiticin rnd Uphm and eUtyL;ihAgrsiizinnortheirtanMinnesotr;InTdla. fames T., andClayton, Lee (&), G W k r b e, S p i d P w - GaoI~@d &dation of Cliidq 26, p. 245-259.

RW-, 1989, Qutaiiirlr-dtbraudianCliadirnimiiapliinr; In: Fuhon, RRI. (ed.), Qmtmmyasabgy of Caadi, d G m - Gaoiogid Survcy of Cliub/Gedogicil Sway of Amaria, Tb ofNorth Amaica, K-1, p. 138473.

Laneforci, F. P., 1973, The geology of the WrplwddO Sdotcbcwrn. Report; of MkdRrsaaru (R@@,73-1,36 m.

Laiiefod, F. F., 1977, Nonhan adm of Lake Agassiz in as&m Ssdutchewui; &dian htmdof Eotk S%imœs, 14 (6), p. 12861291.

Lwmett, F., rad Taylor, F.B., 1915, Tbe PIehUxene of Iadiini iad Michigan and the history 0 t h G r a t a USGSMonopph 53,529 pp.

Mom, SR, 1%9, Gad= ofthe Hudson Bay uq S- PhS. Thesis, CmwWsiry of mm, 1190 pp.

Scbniba, Bryur 1.,1983, Lalm Agriiit in sUacbmq In: Mer, James 1..

S c h m b , B. T., 1984, Quiraiprry g w l o ~ y of tbe R e a d h a Shidd; Suhtdwwrn. Report - Gcdk@ClYJSq (1978). 221,106 pp.

Smith, D.G., and F i i , TGe, 19%, T ' o n of the Y m e r Dryrc: The Northwcst adkt flood o f b Aps& awai mecbmkq In: î k Gèwd Wev ofAnmcaAnnutdNrrcbrrcbODtQfMee~- 1996, p m p m p r o l l n m ~ Abstnct 50121.

TeMer, J. T., 1985, GLetl Lake Agirriz and ita h&mœ on tbc Gtmt In:Kun,w, PX., md calki& PB. (ab.), PvarrnrTy -011 of th OrauriLoks, GeoIogical -OII of Ciadi Spactl Prpa 30, p. 1-16.

Tdla, J. T., 1989, Iiapotttoce of the Rosmdak site in mtWdhg a A.g(.yj.l ~ 1 o a y 8 h m g t b e ~ ~ d ~ ~ I œ S ~ ~ -, 32 (1). p. 1244.

Tellu, J. T., rad Clayton, L. (&.), 1983, GGocfdtak Agppdr. Gedogicrl Auodaion of clid. S p d d Pipa 25, p. 97-1 15.

Tdkrs J.T., and Thoddbn, LX, 1983, The Lake AgUru - h k e SItpaior Connection; InrTella, J.T., d Cliytoq L. (eds.), GlocfolL4b Alpsir. GAC S m Pipa 25. p. 261-290.

Tdlar. J.T., rad Thodcifj,n, L.H., 1987, Cmsmpbic floodiaq into the Great War fiom Lake AguPS In: Miya, L., rnd Nash, D. (eda), CbmmpMc Fbod#lig, Allen ad U m Bootoh p. 1212-138.

1. Survy0717: hRonge, Subtchcann 2. Survy 0718: La Ronge, SubtcbciRPi 3. S u n y 0718b: La Roqge. S a s k a k b m 4. Survcy0719: S h t d m ~ 5. Survy 0720: Li RoalEe, Sulotchswin 6. S w y 0722: Nipiarin. h b t c k n m 7. Surveg 0722ô: NtpiwiiS SuhtebcwDa 8. Suny 0723: Ntp.Wm, SIllPtcbema 9. SurvyO~FnirltafiBay, SuhSebswin

10. S u ~ y 0725: Budron Bay, Siibtebswrn 11. swrcy07ub: audiaaBy, SukibcheaM 12. S w y 0726: Swan RMr, Mintob. 13. Sunay 0727: Swan R h , Miiiitok 14. Survy û727b: Daqhh, h#&Wm 15. suny0728: DruphiaMiiiibobi

mi wco a w m Hl a'# il rc m bor œ w 49 lc # bol WCQ bs Le bs Wb W H 4 œ # rn a#'# @b ec bs HL am tc )f w 40) OQ# n te m MI is4# a oc m Wb a'# W A2 # SOL U# Qt 6b # Wb Ot'OP # P 99 mi wm rc a m

0- n .ri ,n *m

D I W W W P ~ C I OP'00l CO SOL W# D l OC W W-l a

m A- IlOum Ck =)O) 01 E l ' Wb OQ# te bs # )ÇC- IW u w a O'- CI m u t œ t )O) ET# ts 1c rn ozmm W)O AU^ W ~ P O ) O ~ ct =)QI oc CI ~1 WH EI oc # la- mm mi#n ~ w m s o am1 Cr mr cor or4m ce s m am

W ' 4 1w (Ium .-NUI k.i .* ,krl .IYc( m mm ,m *m '-"""CI(I a-