Strategic Game of ? and ?

8/9/2019 Strategic Game of ? and ?

1/61

The Strategic Game

of

? And ?

John R. Boyd

Edited by Chet Richards and Chuck Spinney

Produced and designed by Ginger Richards

For information on this edition, pease see

the ast page. June !""#


2/61

? Raises question ?

$hat ies hidden under the %uestion marks&

Put Simply

'hat is (hat the aim or purpose of this presentation is a about—to

find and make e)ident (hat ies hidden under the %uestion marks*

1


3/61

For openers

$hat is strategy&

2


4/61

Outline

+ $hat is strategy&

+ $hat is the aim or purpose of strategy&

+ $hat is the centra theme and (hat are the

key ideas that underie strategy&

+ o( do (e pay to this theme and acti)atethese ideas&

3


5/61

Approach

+ -ake a genera sur)ey

+ Condense to essentia eements

+ Pace in strategic perspecti)e

+ mpementation

4


6/61

? Raises question ?

$hy do (e (ant to use this approach&

5


7/61

Illustration

+ magine that you are on a ski sope (ith other skiers—retain

this image.

+ magine that you are in Forida riding in an outboard

motorboat—maybe e)en to(ing (ater/skiers—retain thisimage.

+ magine that you are riding a bicyce on a nice spring day—

retain this image.

+ magine that you are a parent taking your son to a departmentstore and that you notice he is fascinated by the tractors or

tanks (ith rubber caterpiar treads—retain this image.

6


8/61

No imagine that you!

+ Pu skis off ski sope0 discard and forget rest of image.

+ Pu outboard motor out of motorboat0 discard and forget

rest of image.

+ Pu handebars off bicyce0 discard and forget rest of

image.

+ Pu rubber treads off toy tractors or tanks0 discard and

forget rest of image.

7


9/61

This lea"es us ith

Skis, outboard motor, handebars, rubber treads

Pulling all this together

$hat do (e ha)e&

8


10/61

Snomo#ile

9


11/61

? $hat does this e%ample suggest ?

'o discern (hat is going on (e must interact in a )ariety of (ays

(ith our en)ironment.

In other ords

$e must be abe to e1amine the (ord from a number ofperspecti)es so that (e can generate menta images or

impressions that correspond to that (ord.

&ore to the point

$e (i use this scheme of puing things apart 2anaysis3 andputting them back together 2synthesis3 in ne( combinations to

find ho( apparenty unreated ideas and actions can be reated

to one another.

10


12/61

General sur"ey

11


13/61

'isciplines or acti"ities

to #e e%amined

+ -athematica 4ogic

+ Physics

+ 'hermodynamics+ Bioogy

+ Psychoogy

+ 5nthropoogy

+ Confict

12


14/61

(ery nice

but

& $here do (e begin &

13


15/61


16/61

? Raises the question ?

n a most fundamenta (ay ho( do (e reai9e this goa

or make it difficut for others to reai9e this goa&

15


17/61

Selections from nespapers

*Ner"e +ells Redo $iring ,,,-. #y /oyce Rens#erger. The Washington Post

7ae Pur)is and Robert 7. adey ... ha)e disco)ered that a neuron8s fibers can change

significanty in a fe( days or (eeks, presumaby in response to changing demands on the

ner)ous system ... Research has sho(n neurons continuay re(ire their o(n circuitry, sprouting

ne( fibers that reach out to make contact (ith ne( groups of other neurons and (ithdra(ing od

fibers from pre)ious contacts ... 'his re(iring process may account for ho( the brain impro)es

one8s abiities such as becoming proficient in a sport or earning to pay a musica instrument.Some scientists ha)e suggested that the brain may use this method to store facts ... 'he

research (as on adut mice, but since a mammaian ner)ous systems appear to beha)e in

simiar (ays, the researchers assume that the findings aso appy to human beings.

*The Soul of the &achine-. #y Richard &, Resta0. The Washington Post Book World Re"ie of

*Neuronal &an-. #y 1ean Pierre +hangeu%‑

Changeu1 suggests that the compe1ity of the human brain is dependent upon the )ast number

of synapses 2connections3 bet(een brain ces ... these synaptic connections are estabished or

fa by the (ayside according to ho( fre%uent they8re used. 'hose synapses (hich are in

fre%uent use tend to endure 2:are stabii9ed83 (hie others are eiminated ... n other (ords ...

interactions (ith the en)ironment ... ;e1ert< ... tremendous infuence on the (ay the human brain

(orks and ho( it has e)o)ed.

16


18/61

Selections from nespaper 2continued3

*/rain +ells Try To /attle Al4heimer5s ,,,-. #y 1an 6iegler. The Washington Post

5 post mortem study of brains of 59heimer8s )ictims, 2reported on by 7r. Car Cotman and

coeagues3 sho(ed that ces tried to repair connections destroyed by the disease by sprouting

ne( branches … 5 progressi)e, degenerati)e disease, it can cause memory oss, confusion,

difficuty in speech and mo)ement, inabiity to recogni9e e)en famiy members ... 5 characteristic

of the disease is the death of neurons, or ner)e ces, that connect to each other by ong fibers,(hich forces the brain to i)e (ith fe(er and fe(er connections. 5nay9ing ces from the

hippocampus of si1 deceased 59heimer8s patients, Cotman and coeagues, found that a1ons—

the output fibers of ner)e ces, responsibe for transmitting signas through the ner)ous system

—start to sprout, reforming the connections bet(een remaining ces ... =timatey ho(e)er, the

sprouting process cannot keep up (ith destruction. Either, the sprouting stops, or too many

ner)e ces die ...

*Rats 7ost &uscle. /one Strength in Space Flight-. #y Paul Recer. Erie Daily Times

Space rats that spent se)en days in orbit suffered massi)e osses of musce and bone strength,

suggesting that astronauts on ong )oyages must be protected from debiitating effects of 9ero

gra)ity ... 'he young space rats e1perienced a bone strength oss of up to >? percent and a

musce tissue oss of up to >" percent ... oder rats ... suffered bone and musce strength osses

of about @? percent ... So)iet space scientists reported a simiar amount of musce and bone oss

in rats that (ere in space for more than !" days ...17


19/61

Selections from #oo0s

Order Out of Chaos. #y Ilya Prigogine and Isa#elle Stengers

E%uiibrium thermodynamics pro)ides a satisfactory e1panation for a )ast

number of physicochemica phenomena. Aet it may be asked (hether the

concept of e%uiibrium structures encompasses the different structures (e

encounter in nature. b)iousy the ans(er is no.

E%uiibrium structures can be seen as the resuts of statistica compensation

for the acti)ity of microscopic eements 2moecues, atoms3. By definition they

are inert at the goba e)e ... nce they ha)e been formed they may be

isoated and maintained indefinitey (ithout further interaction (ith their

en)ironment. $hen (e e1amine a bioogica ce or a city, ho(e)er, the

situation is %uite different6 not ony are these systems open, but aso they e1istony because they are open. 'hey feed on the fu1 of matter and energy

coming to them from the outside (ord. $e can isoate a crysta, but cities and

ces die (hen cut off from their en)ironment. 'hey form an integra part of the

(ord from (hich they can dra( sustenance, and they cannot be separated

from the fu1es that they incessanty transform.

18


20/61

Selections from #oo0s2continued3

Looking Glass Universe. #y 1on P, /riggs and F, 'a"id Peat

Prigogine caed far from e%uiibrium forms ike the )orte1,‑ ‑

:dissipati)e structures.8 'he name comes from the fact that to

keep their shape these structures must constanty dissipate

entropy so it (on8t buid up inside the entity and :ki8 it (ithe%uiibrium ... ;'hese dissipati)e structures< can sur)i)e ony

by remaining open to a fo(ing matter and energy e1change

(ith the en)ironment ... 'he structure is stabii9ed by its

fo(ing. t is stabe but ony reati)ey stabe—reati)e to the

constant energy fo( re%uired to maintain its shape. ts )ery

stabiity is aso parado1icay an instabiity because of its tota

dependence on its en)ironment. 'he dissipati)e structure is

autonomous 2separate3 but ony reati)ey separate. t is a

fo( (ithin a fo(.

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21/61

The War of the Flea #y Ro#ert Ta#er

5most a modern go)ernments are highy conscious of (hat ournaism cas :(ord opinion.8 For

sound reasons, mosty of an economic nature, they cannot afford to be condemned in the =nited

Dations, they do not ike to be )isited by uman Rights Commissions or Freedom of the Press

Committees0 their need of foreign in)estment, foreign oans, foreign markets, satisfactory trade

reationships, and so on, re%uires that they be members in more or ess good standing of a

arger community of interests. ften, too, they are members of miitary aiances. Conse%uenty,they must maintain some appearance of stabiity, in order to assure the other members of the

community or of the aiance that contracts (i continue to be honored, that treaties (i be

uphed, that oans (i be repaid (ith interest, that in)estments (i continue to produce profits

and be safe.

Protracted interna (ar threatens a of this ... no ay (ishes to treat (ith a go)ernment that is on

the point of e)iction.

t foo(s, that it must be the business of the guerria, and of his candestine poitica organi9ation

in the cities, to destroy the stabe image of the go)ernment, and so to deny its credits, to dry up

its source of re)enue, and to create dissension (ithin the frightened o(ning casses, (ithin the

go)ernment bureaucracy 2(hose payros (i be pinched3, and (ithin the miitary itsef. soation,

miitary and poitica, is the great enemy of guerria mo)ements. t is the task of the urban

organi9ation to pre)ent this isoation, to pro)ide di)ersions and pro)ocations (hen needed, to

maintain contact, to keep the (ord a(are of a re)oution in progress e)en (hen there is no

progress to report.20

Selection from #oo0s2continued3


22/61


o!ial Order and The Theory of trategy" #y Ale%ander At0inson

-ora fibre is the great dam that denies the food of socia reations their natura

route of decine to(ards )ioence and anarchy n this sense, mora order at the

center of socia ife iteray sa)es society from itsef.

Strategists must grasp this fact that socia order is, at once, a mora order f the

mora order on (hich rests a fabric of socia and po(er reation is compromised,

then the fabric 2of socia order3 it uphods goes (ith it.

n other (ords, the one great hurde in the strategic combination 2mora and socia

order3 is the mora order. f this remains untouched the formation of ne( socia

reations and socia ranking in status and po(er either ne)er gets off the ground orfaces the perennia spectre of backsiding to(ards the mora attraction of

estabished socia and po(er reations.

'he strategic imperati)e, them become on of trying to achie)e reati)e security of

socia resources by sub)erting and re(ea)ing those of the opponent into the fabric

of one8s o(n socia order.

21


23/61

Beyond Culture. #y 8dard T, )all

E)erything man is and does is modified by earning and is therefore

maeabe. But once earned, these beha)ior patterns, these habitua

responses, these (ays of interacting graduay sink beo( the surface of the

mind and, ike the admira of a submerged submarine feet, contro from thedepths. 'he hidden contros are usuay e1perienced as though they (ere

innate simpy because they are not ony ubi%uitous but habitua as (e.

'he ony time one is a(are of the contro system is (hen things don8t

foo( the hidden program. 'his is most fre%uent in intercutura encounters.

'herefore, the great gift that the members of the human race ha)e for each

other is not e1otic e1periences but an opportunity to achie)e a(areness ofthe structure of their o(n system, (hich can be accompished ony by

interacting (ith others (ho do not share that system

22



24/61

Selections from an unpu#lished essay

*'estruction and +reation-. #y 9ours Truly

5ccording to GHde8s ncompeteness 'heorems,

eisenberg8s =ncertainty Principe, and the Second 4a( of

'hermodynamics one cannot determine the character ornature of a system (ithin itsef. -oreo)er, attempts to do

so ead to confusion and disorder.

23


25/61

Selection from a speech

*A &odel of So"iet &entality-. #y 'mitry &i0heye"

nteraction bet(een the indi)idua and his en)ironment starts (ith his

perception of himsef as a separate entity and the en)ironment as e)erything

outside of sef. e earns his physica imits and desires, and ho( to fufi them

through interaction (ith the physica and socia en)ironment maintain that

the (ay the indi)idua percei)es the en)ironment is crucia for his orientationand interaction (ith it.

-an8s orientation (i in)o)e perceptions of sef as both a physica and a

psychoogica entity, as (e as an understanding of the en)ironment and of

the possibiities for achie)ing his goas 2FR--, @I>3. Society, mean(hie,

has goas of its o(nKpreser)ation of its physica integrity and spiritua identity.

Pursuing these goas in)o)es mobii9ing and organi9ing its inner resourcesand interaction (ith the outside en)ironment of other societies and nations

5n indi)idua becomes a member of the society (hen he earns to act (ithin

its imits in a (ay that is beneficia to it.

24


26/61

Some fa"orite selections

Old Fa#le

+ But sir, the emperor is naked, he has no cothes.

Sun T4u

+ Lno( your enemy and kno( yoursef0 in one hundred battes you (i

ne)er be in peri.

+ Sei9e that (hich your ad)ersary hods dear or )aues most highy0 then

he (i conform to your desires.

1omini

+ 'he great art, then, of propery directing ines of operations, is so to

estabish them in reference to the bases and to the marches of the armyas to sei9e the communications of the enemy (ithout imperiing one8s

o(n, and is the most important and most difficut probem in strategy.

7eadership

+ 'he art of inspiring peope to enthusiasticay take action to(ard the

achie)ement of uncommon goas.

25


27/61

? Raises question ?

26

Remembering that (e are trying to see ho( the

preceding seections are reated to one another,(here do (e go ne1t&


28/61

+ondensation

to

essentia eements

27


29/61

+ompression

+ Physica as (e as eectrica and chemica connections in the brain are shaped

by interacting (ith the en)ironment. Point6 $ithout these interactions (e do not

ha)e the menta (here(itha to dea or cope (ith that en)ironment.

+ GHde8s ncompeteness 'heorems, eisenberg8s =ncertainty Principe, and the

Second 4a( of 'hermodynamics, a taken together, sho( that (e cannot

determine the character or nature of a system (ithin itsef. -oreo)er, attemptsto do so ead to confusion and disorder —menta as (e as physica. Point6 $e

need an e1terna en)ironment, or outside (ord, to define ourse)es and

maintain organic integrity, other(ise (e e1perience dissoutionMdisintegration—

i.e., (e come ungued.

+ -ora fibre or mora order is the gue that hods society together and makes

socia direction and interaction possibe. Point6 $ithout this gue socia orderpus apart to(ards anarchy and chaos ea)ing no possibiity for socia direction

and interaction.

+ 4i)ing systems are open systems0 cosed systems are non i)ing systems.‑

Point6 f (e don8t communicate (ith outside (ord—to gain information for

kno(edge and understanding as (e as matter and energy for sustenance—

(e die out to become a non discerning and uninteresting part of that (ord.‑

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30/61

: Simply stated :

5s human beings, (e cannot e1ist (ithout an e1terna

or surrounding en)ironment from (hich (e can dra(sustenance, nourishment, or support.

In other ords

Interaction permits )itaity and gro(th (hie isolation

eads to decay and disintegration.

29


31/61

'he theme associated

(ith

7 N C, P C, C N C

is one of

interaction and isoation

+ rganic 7esign for Command and Contro 2CNC3

emphasi9es interaction.

+ Patterns of Confict 2PC3 emphasi9e isoation.

+ 7estruction and Creation 27NC3 is baanced bet(een

interaction and isoation.

Such a simple statement re"eals that!

30


32/61

;eeping trac0 of all these ideas

4et8s mo)e on and pace them in a—

31


33/61

Strategic perspecti"e

32


34/61

'he strategic game

is one of

interaction and isoation

5 game in (hich (e must be abe to diminish ad)ersary8s

abiity to communicate or interact (ith his en)ironment (hiesustaining or impro)ing ours.

No e can see #ygoing to the #eginning

33


35/61

? Raises question ?o( do (e do this&

Three ays come to mind+ -ora

+ -enta

+ Physica

34


36/61

? $hy should e use these ?

+ Physical

represents the (ord of matter/energy/information a

of us are a part of, i)e in, and feed upon.

+ &ental

represents the emotionaMinteectua acti)ity (e

generate to adust to, or cope (ith, that physica (ord.

+ &oral

represents the cutura codes of conduct or standardsof beha)ior that constrain, as (e as sustain and

focus, our emotionaMinteectua responses.

35


37/61


38/61

$hile in opposite fashion e can say!

+ Physical interaction

occurs (hen (e freey e1change matter energy‑ —information

(ith others outside ourse)es.

+ &ental interaction

occurs (hen (e generate images or impressions that

match up (ith the e)ents or happenings that unfod around‑

ourse)es.

+ &oral interaction

occurs (hen (e i)e by the codes of conduct or standards of

beha)ior that (e profess, and others e1pect us, to uphod.

37


39/61

: Fine :

But ho( do (e pay to this theme and e1poit these ideas&

)ints

+ Reca ho( (e mentay constructed a sno(mobie.

+ Remember ho( (e ooked at ideas in mathematica ogic,

physics, thermodynamics, bioogy, psychoogy,

anthropoogy, and confict to surface a centra theme.

+ Remember our (hoe approach has been one of puingthings apart and putting them back together unti something

ne( and different is created.

38


40/61

Illuminating e%ample

? $hat does the Second 7a of Thermodynamics say ?

5 natura processes generate entropy.

? $hat did )eisen#erg say ?

ne cannot simutaneousy fi1 or determine precisey the

momentum and position of a partice.

? $hat did G>del say ?ne cannot determine the consistency of a system (ithin itsef.

39


41/61

Illuminating e%ample2continued3

Point

5s they appear, these statements and the ideas they embody seem

unreated to one another.

? Raises uestion ?

Can these statements be reated to one another0 and, if so, ho(&

in other (ords

'aken together, (hat do GHde, eisenberg, and the Second 4a( of

'hermodynamics say&

40


42/61


&essage

ne cannot determine the character or nature of a system

(ithin itsef. -oreo)er, attempts to do so ead to confusion

and disorder.

Leeping this statement in mind,

? 7et5s as0 another question ?

$hat do the tests of the AF @# and AF @ say&‑ ‑

41


43/61


&essage

'he abiity to shift or transition from one maneu)er to another

more rapidy than an ad)ersary enabes one to (in in air to air‑ ‑

combat.

Do(

? $hat do e ha"e ?

5 statement dra(n from the ideas of GHde, eisenberg, and the

Second 4a( of 'hermodynamics 2First -essage3

as (e as

5 statement dra(n from the tests of AF @# and AF @ 2Second‑ ‑

-essage3.

42


44/61

Illuminating e%ample 2continued3

Point

nce again, it appears that these t(o messages seem unreated to

one another.

? Raises uestion ?

Can these statements be reated to one another0 and, if so, ho(&

in other (ords

'aken atogether, (hat do GHde, eisenberg, the Second 4a( of

'hermodynamics, and the tests of the AF @#MAF @ say&‑ ‑

43


45/61

Illuminating e%ample 2continued3

O"erall &essage

+ 'he abiity to operate at a faster tempo or rhythm than an ad)ersary enabes one to fod

ad)ersary back inside himsef so that he can neither appreciate nor keep up (ith (hat8s‑

going on. e (i become disoriented or confused0

(hich suggests that

+ =ness such menacing pressure is reie)ed, ad)ersary (i e1perience )arious combinationsof uncertainty, doubt, confusion, sef deception, indecision, fear, panic, discouragement,‑

despair, etc., (hich (i further6

7isorient or t(ist his menta imagesMimpressions of (hat8s happening0

thereby

7isrupt his mentaMphysica maneu)ers for deaing (ith such a menace0

thereby

)eroad his mentaMphysica capacity to adapt or endure0

thereby

Coapse his abiity to carry on.

44


46/61

? $hat5s the point of all this ?

+ $e can8t ust ook at our o(n persona e1periences or use the

same menta recipes o)er and o)er again0 (e8)e got to ook at

other discipines and acti)ities and reate or connect them to (hat

(e kno( from our e1periences and the strategic (ord (e i)e in.

if (e can do this

+ $e (i be abe to surface ne( repertoires and 2hopefuy3 de)eop

a Fingerspitzengefühl for foding our ad)ersaries back inside

themse)es, moray/mentay physicayKso that they can neither‑

appreciate nor cope (ith (hat8s happeningK(ithout suffering the

same fate ourse)es.

45


47/61

$hich carries us to the

? question ?

+ o( do (e fod ad)ersaries back inside themse)es,

moray mentay physicay (ithout suffering the same‑ ‑

fate ourse)es&

or put another (ay

+ o( do (e physically isolate our ad)ersaries yet

interact (ith others outside ourse)es&

+ o( do (e mentally isolate our ad)ersaries yet keep in

touch hence interact, (ith unfoding e)ents&

+ o( do (e morally isolate our ad)ersaries yet maintain

the trustMconfidence of others and thereby interact (ith

them&

46


48/61

Illumination

+ Physically (e can isolate ad)ersaries by se)ering their communications (ith

outside (ord as (e as by se)ering their interna communications to one

another. $e can accompish this by cutting them off from their aies and the

uncommitted )ia dipomatic, psychoogica, and other efforts. 'o cut them off

from one another (e shoud penetrate their system by being unpredictabe,

other(ise they can counter our efforts.

+ &entally (e can isolate our ad)ersaries by presenting them (ith ambiguous,

decepti)e, or no)e situations, as (e as by operating at a tempo or rhythm they

can neither make out nor keep up (ith. perating inside their 7 5 oops‑ ‑ ‑

(i accompish ust this by disorienting or t(isting their menta images so that

they can neither appreciate nor cope (ith (hat8s reay going on.

+ &orally ad)ersaries isolate themse)es (hen they )isiby impro)e their (e

being to the detriment of others 2i.e. their aies, the uncommitted, etc.3 by

)ioating codes of conduct or beha)ior patterns that they profess to uphod or

others e1pect them to uphod.

47


49/61

8%pected payoff

7isintegration and coapse, uness ad)ersaries change their beha)ior

patterns to conform to (hat is deemed acceptabe by others outside

themse)es.

48


50/61

Illumination2continued3

+ Physically (e interact by opening up and maintaining many‑

channes of communication (ith the outside (ord, hence (ith

others out there, that (e depend upon for sustenance,

nourishment, or support.

+ &entally (e interact by seecting information from a )ariety of

sources or channes in order to generate menta images or

impressions that match up (ith the (ord of e)ents or happenings‑

that (e are trying to understand and cope (ith.

+ &orally (e interact (ith others by a)oiding mismatches bet(een

(hat (e say (e are, (hat (e are, and the (ord (e ha)e to dea(ith, as (e as by abiding by those other cutura codes or

standards that (e are e1pected to uphod.

49


51/61

8%pected payoff

Oitaity and gro(th, (ith the opportunity to shape and

adapt to unfoding e)ents thereby infuence the ideasand actions of others.

50


52/61

Pulling all this together

e ha"e in a nutshell

The art of success

+ Shape or infuence the mora menta physica atmosphere that (e‑ ‑

are a part of, i)e in, and feed upon so that (e not ony magnify our

inner spirit and strength, but aso infuence potentia ad)ersaries

and current ad)ersaries as (e as the uncommitted so that they

are dra(n to(ard our phiosophy and are empathetic to(ard our

success0

yet be abe to

+ -oray mentay physicay isoate our ad)ersaries from their aies‑ ‑

and outside support as (e as isoate them from one another, in

order to6 magnify their interna friction, produce paraysis, bring

about their coapse0 andMor bring about a change in their

poiticaMeconomicMsocia phiosophy so that they can no onger

inhibit our )itaity and gro(th.

51


53/61

Implementation

an

e1ampe

52


54/61

A

moral design

for

grand strategy

53


55/61

Name@of@the@game

+ =se mora e)erage to ampify our spirit and strength as (e as

e1pose the fa(s of competing or ad)ersary systems, a the

(hie infuencing the uncommitted, potentia ad)ersaries and

current ad)ersaries so that they are dra(n to(ard our

phiosophy and empathetic to(ard our success0or put another (ay

+ Preser)e or buid up our mora authority (hie compromising‑

that of our ad)ersaries8 in order to pump up our reso)e,‑

drain a(ay ad)ersaries8 reso)e, and attract them as (e as‑

others to our cause and (ay of ife.

? Raises uestion ?

+ o( do (e e)o)e this mora e)erage to reai9e the benefits

cited abo)e&

54


56/61

&oral le"erage

$ith respect to oursel"es e must!

+ Surface as (e as find (ays to o)ercome or eiminate those

bemishes, fa(s, or contradictions that generate mistrust and discord

so that these negati)e %uaities neither aienate us from one another

nor set us against one another, thereby destroy our interna harmony,

paray9e us, and make it difficut to cope (ith an uncertain, e)er/

changing (ord at arge.

n opposite fashion (e must6

+ Emphasi9e those cutura traditions, pre)ious e1periences, andunfoding e)ents that buid up harmony and trust, thereby create those‑

impicit bonds that permit us as indi)iduas and as a society, or as an

organic (hoe, to shape as (e as adapt to the course of e)ents in the

(ord.

55


57/61

&oral le"erage2continued3

$ith respect to our ad"ersaries e should!

+ Re)ea those harsh statements that ad)ersaries make about us—particuary

those that denigrate our cuture, our achie)ements, our fitness to e1ist, etc.—as

basis to sho( that our sur)i)a and pace in the scheme of things is not

necessariy a birthright, but is a(ays at risk.4ike(ise (e shoud6

+ Re)ea those mismatches in terms of (hat ad)ersaries profess to be, (hat they

are, and the (ord they ha)e to dea (ith in order to surface to the (ord, to their

citi9ens, and to ourse)es the ineptness and corruption as (e as the sub rosa‑

designs that they ha)e upon their citi9ens, ourse)es, and the (ord at arge.

-oreo)er (e shoud6

+ 5c%uaint ad)ersaries (ith our phiosophy and (ay of ife to sho( them that such

destructi)e beha)ior (orks against, and is not in accord (ith, our 2or any3 socia

)aues based upon the dignity and needs of the indi)idua as (e as the security

and (e being of society as a (hoe.‑

56


58/61

&oral le"erage2continued3

$ith respect to others 2i,e,. the uncommitted or potential

ad"ersaries3 e should!

+ Respect their cuture and achie)ements, sho( them (e bear

them no harm and hep them adust to an unfoding (ord, as

(e as pro)ide additiona benefits and more fa)orabetreatment for those (ho support our phiosophy and (ay of

doing things0

yet

+ 7emonstrate that (e neither toerate nor support those ideasand interactions that undermine or (ork against our cuture

and our phiosophy hence our interests and fitness to cope

(ith a changing (ord.

57


59/61

No going #ac0 to the #eginning

$hat is strategy?

5 menta tapestry of changing intentions for harmoni9ing and focusing our efforts as a

basis for reai9ing some aim or purpose in an unfoding and often unforeseen (ord of

many be(idering e)ents and many contending interests.

$hat is the aim or purpose of strategy?

'o impro)e our abiity to shape and adapt to unfoding circumstances, so that (e 2asindi)iduas or as groups or as a cuture or as a nation state3 can sur)i)e on our o(n‑

terms.

$hat is the central theme and hat are the 0ey ideas that underlie strategy?

'he centra theme is one of interactionMisoation (hie the key ideas are the

mora menta physica means to(ard reai9ing this interactionMisoation.‑ ‑

)o do e play to this theme and acti"ate these ideas?

By an instincti)e see sa( of anaysis and synthesis across a )ariety of domains, or‑

across competingMindependent channes of information, in order to spontaneousy

generate ne( menta images or impressions that match up (ith an unfoding (ord of‑

uncertainty and change.

58


60/61

'efinitions

+ 8"il

occurs (hen indi)iduas or groups embrace codes of conduct

or standards of beha)ior for their o(n persona (e being and

socia appro)a, yet )ioate those )ery same codes or

standards to undermine the persona (e being and sociaappro)a of others.

+ +orruption

occurs (hen indi)iduas or groups, for their o(n benefit,)ioate codes of conduct or standards of beha)ior that they

profess, or are e1pected, to uphod.

59


61/61

A#out this edition

'his edition of Strategic Game is our attempt to recreate the ast )ersion of the briefing actuay presentedby the ate Co John Boyd, =S5F 2@I! @II3. 'he ast printed )ersion kno(n to e1ist carries the date

June @IQ. $e ha)e used that as the starting point, and then modified the te1t based on changes (e

recei)ed from Co Boyd, (hich continued unti around @II@. By that time, he had mo)ed on to other

acti)ities, such as Conceptua Spira, his ad)ice to then/Secretary of 7efense 7ick Cheney during the First

Guf $ar, and his interest in other forms of confict, incuding business.

'he origina @IQ edition, (ith pen/and/ink changes as dictated by Co Boyd, is a)aiabe in P7F format at

http6MM(((.d/n/i.net. 'he primary change, (hich dates from Juy @IQI, is in the definition of strategy on p.

?Q.

A#out the 8ditors

Chuck Spinney (as a coeague of Boyd8s both in the 5ir Force and in the ffice of the Secretary of

7efense, (here he participated in e)ery edition of Strategic Game. Chuck is the author of Defense Facts

of Life and numerous monographs and op/eds. is commentaries on defense issues appear from time to

time and are archi)ed at http6MM(((.d/n/i.net.

Chet Richards (orked (ith Co Boyd on his first paper, 7estruction and Creation, on )arious editions ofPatterns of Confict, and near the end of Boyd8s ife, on business appications. e is a retired coone in

the 5ir Force Reser)e, and recenty finished a book, Certain to Win, that appies Boyd8s concepts to

business.

Ginger Richards is co/o(ner and president of Lette Creek Corporation, (hich o(ns 7efense and the

Dationa nterest. She designed and maintains that site as (e as its sister, http6MM(((.beisarius.com,

(hich is more oriented to(ards business.
http://www.d-n-i.net/http://www.d-n-i.net/http://www.chetrichards.com/http://www.chetrichards.com/http://www.chetrichards.com/http://www.d-n-i.net/http://www.d-n-i.net/

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