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Agenda
Technology infrastructure
Objectives of IT infrastructure
Business issues in managing technology Justify IS/IT investment
Management issues
Technology strategies
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IT Infrastructure
Physical infrastructure of hardware, software, &
network
Architectures (plan) for information, process,
organization, & technology
Management policies for service delivery,
capacity, security, privacy, sourcing, & audit
Management processes & services for facilities,training vendor management, & technical
support
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Objectives of IT Infrastructure
Provide proper infrastructure to supportbusiness IS needs
Maximize the use of information and IS for
business Provide a high degree of IS/IT integration in
terms of cost, quality, & benefit
Facilitate rapid application development
Reduce complexity and non-standardization Build a global communication infrastructure
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Business issues in Managing
Technology Link IT investment to business needs
Identify technical opportunities
Identify IS/IT investment by competitors &partners
Business and technical awareness
Relate IT resources to business needs Appropriate user support
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Justify IS/IT Investment
Application specific cost/benefit analysis
Replace obsolete technology
Using more efficient technology forreducing costs of existing applications
An enable for the overall business strategy
Embrace growth in business volumes
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Management Issues
Information era
Location and control of technology
Integration challenges Security & privacy
Contingency management
Vendor management New technology
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Information Era
New geopolitical order in world
New environment in the market place
New environment with business
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Location and Control of
Technology Centralization or decentralization
Selection criteria
Economic Enterprise style
Innovation
Resources
Multinational organization
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Integration Challenges - I
Environment
Various platforms of hardware & software
Decentralization Global organization
Different policies & procedures
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Integration Challenges - II
Solutions
Common operating systems
Sharing databases Common application development tools
Common or integrated hardware
Integration of legacy and new systems
(middleware)
Integration of packages
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Security & Privacy
Security
Protect data, information, IS/IT facilities
Privacy Protect confidential information of individuals
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Security & Privacy
Logical security
Physical security
Data security Communication security
Administration security
Application security
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Physical Security
Location (traffic)
Security (lock)
Environmental (air) Fire
Power
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Logical Security
Photo
Fingerprints
Voice Eye
Signature
Password
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Data Security
Minimal privilege
Minimal exposure
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Communication Security
Firewall
Decryption
Encryption Private & public key
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Administrative Security
Policy
Procedure
Hardware Software
Employee
Data
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Application Security
Input security
Processing security
Output security
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Contingency Management - I
Types
Emergency plan (natural disaster)
Backup plan Recovery plan
Contents
Procedures
Testing
Practicing
Updating
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Vendor Management
Reputation
Future growth
Product consideration Good lawyer and contract
Others?
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Contingency Management - II
Disaster Recovery firm Outsource strategic function?
Planning steps Discovering the important critical IT functions and
process
Identifying the cost to have informationunavailable
Balancing the cost of unavailability with the cost ofrecovery
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Contingency Management - III
Hardware backup
Hot site
Cold site
Mobile facility
Software and database backup
Selective backup
Incremental backup
Total backup
On site backup
Off site backup
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Contingency Management - IV
Telecommunication backup Fault-tolerant networks
Personnel backup Name Phone no.
Address
Back-up power generators System
Scaled-down manual system
Parallel systems
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New Technology
Identification & investment
Experimentation, learning, and adaptation
Rationalization and management control Widespread technology transfer
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Technology Strategies
High potential
Strategic
Key operational Support
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High Potential
Prototyping development
R&D control, separate actitivity
New technology or new use of technology Application generator/ RAD tools
External skills, knowledge transfer
Application evaluation Determine next stage of development
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Strategic
Application generator
Incremental development
Relational or object oriented database
Ideal technology new skills
Flexible architecture
Peak demand capacity
Tested contingency plan External technology influence
Isolate risky systems
Tailor package to needs
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Key Operational
Software engineering and SDLC
Integrated architectures
Quality/charge control
Peak capacity planning
Hierarchical or network database
Tested contingency plan
Incremental technology Application packages- enhanced
Mandatory standards
Careful technology selection IT veto
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Support
Evolutionary technology
Capacity plan on average requirements
Disinvestment
End user support
Avoid obsolescence
Low priority contingency plan
General purpose applicationpackage/unmodified
Sustained quality and efficiency