ISBN: 978-1-61567-158-8

Structures Congress 2009 Don’t Mess With Structural Engineers

Austin, Texas, USA 30 April - 2 May 2009

Volume 1 of 4

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME 1

BRIDGE AND TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURES 1

BRIDGE DESIGN PRACTICE 183A Turnpike: A Design-Build Success Story ................................................................................................................... 1

Lisa Carter Powell, Arthur Champlin

Effectiveness of Bent Plate Connection for End Cross-frames in Skewed Steel Bridges ............................................... 11Anthony Battistini, Craig Quadrato, Todd Helwig, Michael Engelhardt, Karl Frank

Safety Issues for Performance Based Design of High-speed MAGLEV Guideway Structures ..................................... 21Thomas T. Baber

Trapezoidal Steel Box Girder Design for Spur 366 Extension Project............................................................................ 27Yingqin Jin, Chris M. Gilstrap, Charles E. Quade

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGES A Novel Approach to Analyze Existing Bridges Efficiently ............................................................................................. 37

F. Necati Catbas, H. Burak Gokce

Numerical Investigation of River Ice-Bridge Pier Interaction ......................................................................................... 48Feng Xiong, Gang Xu

Three-Dimensional Wind Correlation: Estimations from In-Situ Measurements ......................................................... 58Ferawati Gani, Louis-Philippe Parent, Frederic Legeron, Stoyan Stoyanoff, Pierre Van Dyke

BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION ISSUES A Method to Calculate Rotational Deformations of Curved Plate Girders During Lifting .......................................... 68

Jason Stith, Andrew Schuh, Jamie Farris, Todd Helwig, Eric Williamson, Karl Frank, Michael Engelhardt

Construction Control of a Self-Anchored Suspension Bridge with Space Reticulate Cable ......................................... 78Tan Yong-Gang, Zhao Xu, Zhang Zhe

Rehabilitating a Historic Wooden Covered Bridge to Carry Modern Truck Loads with No Visual Impacts to the Structure...................................................................................................................................................... 89

James Pezzotti

BRIDGE MONITORING AND SERVICEABILITY Finite Element Model Updating of Scale Bridge Model Using Measured Modal Response Data ................................. 98

Masoud Sanayei, Christopher DiCarlo

Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges: Fundamentals, Application Case Study and Organizational Considerations ................................................................................................................................................................... 108

F. Necati Catbas, Mustafa Gul, Ricardo Zaurin, Thomas Terrell, Yunus Dere, Marcus H. Ansley, Dan M. Frangopol, Kirk A. Grimmelsman

Structural Identification of Bridges to Assess Safety and Performance........................................................................ 119Jeffrey Weidner, John Prader, Nathan Dubbs, Franklin Moon, A. Emin Aktan

INNOVATIONS IN BRIDGE STRUCTURAL DESIGN Field Measurements on Steel Girder Bridge with Skewed Supports Utilizing Lean-On Bracing............................... 125

Jeremiah Fasl, Michelle Romage, Todd Helwig, Reagan Herman, Karl Frank

Forty Foot Pedestrian Bridge - Aesthetics Integral to Structure ................................................................................... 135William Collins, John Ruff, Kristen York, Bashar S. Qubain

FEATURED BRIDGES IN TEXAS Current State of Segmental Bridge Design/Construction in Texas................................................................................ 145

Michael D. Hyzak, Amy E. Eskridge, Dean Van Landuyt, David P. Hohmann, Brian Merrill, Jon F. Holt

Lake Lewisville Passage Span Bridge .............................................................................................................................. 155Wally R. Burns, David McDonnold

Margaret Hunt Hill (Woodall Rodgers) Bridge .............................................................................................................. 164Scott Lomax, Charles E. Quade

BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS FEM Analysis and Field Vibration Testing of a Multispan Curved Girder Bridge..................................................... 174

Thomas T. Baber, John C. Lydzinski, Robert S. Turnage

Rolling Tire Functions for Finite Element Models.......................................................................................................... 183P. Bradford

Safety Evaluation of Seismic Behaviour of the Bill Emerson Memorial Cable-Stayed Bridge ................................... 193Dongming Yan, Genda Chen

Secondary Moments of Continuous Prestressed Concrte Beams Using Closed Form Equation ................................ 203Venketaramani Tiruchirapalli, Riyadh Hindi

BRIDGE SUBSTRUCTURES ANALYSIS Curved Integral Abutment Bridges - Thermal Response Predictions Through Finite Element Analysis.................. 213

Emre Kalayci, Sergio F. Brena, Scott A.Civjan

Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of RC Bridge Columns using the Softened Membrane Model ......................... 223T. R. S. Mullapudi, Ashraf Ayoub

Seismic Design and Ductility Evaluation of Partially Concrete-Filled Steel Box Columns ......................................... 233Iraj H. P. Mamaghani

BRIDGE MATERIAL ISSUES Mechanical Properties of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel....................................................................................................... 243

Thomas J. Langill

Metal Straps as Soil Reinforcement on Full Height Abutments .................................................................................... 249Wendy Haugeto, Mike Yang, Arjuna Ranasinghe

On the Effect of Ductility of Confining Material on Concrete Ductility ....................................................................... 259Hasan A. Moghaddam, Maysam Samadi

Using Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Post-Tensioned Anchorage Zones .............................................................. 270Brenda Robinson, Kamal S. Tawfiq, Nur Yazdani

SAFETY OF BRIDGES Central Artery/Tunnel Project-wide Post-tensioning Tendon Grout Void Assessment .............................................. 280

Travis Green, Mark Moore, Gary Klein

Evaluation of Behavior of a Laterally Loaded Bridge Pile Group under Scour Conditions ....................................... 290Caroline R. Bennett, Cheng Lin, Robert Parsons, Jie Han

Saving Our Infrastructures............................................................................................................................................... 300Lung-Yang Lai, Peter Kim, Tony Jen

Seismic Vulnerability of Bridges Susceptible to Spatially Distributed Soil Liquefaction Hazards............................. 305Bayram Aygun, Leonardo Duenas-Osorio, Jamie E. Padgett, Reginald DesRoches

BRIDGE AND TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURES 2

HISTORIC BRIDGE PRESERVATION: STATE PROGRAMS AND CASE STUDIES Conversion of the 1.25 Mile Long Poughkeepsie-Highland Railroad Bridge into a Multi-Use State Park using the Public-Private Partnership Process ........................................................................................................ 315

Peter Melewski, John Brizzell, Mike Cooper

Minnesota's Preservation of State-owned Historic Bridges for Long-term Transportation Use ................................ 324Robert M. Frame, Steven A. Olson, Amy Squitieri

Preserving Historic Bridges: Strategies to Overcome Obsolescence ............................................................................. 333Charles E. Walker

Rehabilitation of the Historic Hays Street Viaduct in San Antonio, Texas................................................................... 343S. Patrick Sparks

REHABILITATION OF HISTORIC BRIDGES: EXAMPLES FROM PRACTICE Rehabilitation of the Beveridge Suspension Bridge ........................................................................................................ 351

Charles E. Walker

Ultrasonic Study at Cimarron Narrow-Gauge Railroad Bridge.................................................................................... 361Bradley D. VanOtterloo, Frederick R. Rutz, Kevin L. Rens

Kings Covered Bridge Rehabilitation, Somerset County, PA ........................................................................................ 371William J. Collins, Samer H. Petro

Retrofit Railings for Historic Metal Truss Bridges......................................................................................................... 381William F. Williams

THE ROLE OF STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION IN INFRASTRUCTURE DECISION MAKING Experiences in Testing and Modeling for Bridge Maintenance and Rehabilitation..................................................... 391

Harry W. Shenton III, Michael J. Chajes

Parametric Bootstrap for System Identification of a Scaled Reinforced Concrete Bridge.......................................... 397Shamim N. Pakzad, Matthew Dryden, Gregory L. Fenves

Title: Accounting for the Impact of Thermal Loads in Nondestructive Bridge Testing .............................................. 406Erin Santini Bell, Jesse D. Sipple

Structural Identification of Various Constructed Systems to Inform Decisions .......................................................... 416Franklin Moon, A. Emin Aktan, David Lowdermilk, Lawrence Egan

THE FHWA’S LONG TERM BRIDGE PERFORMANCE (LTBP) PROGRAM: ORGANIZATION, TEAMBUILDING, DIRECTION Development of Data Infrastructure for the Long Term Bridge Performance Program ............................................ 422

Mathaeus Dejori, Hassan H. Malik, Fabian Moerchen, Nazif C. Tas, Claus Neubauer

Long Term Bridge Performance Program: Identifying Long Term Bridge Performance Data Priorities ............................................................................................................................................................................. 431

Michael C. Brown, Maureen L. Hammer, John M. Hooks

LTBP Bridge Monitoring, Testing and Instrumentation ............................................................................................... 439Paul J. Barr, Marvin W. Halling, Tommy E. Cousins, Carin L. Roberts-Wollmann, Elisa D. Sotelino

Meeting LTBP Program Objectives through Periodical Bridge Condition Monitoring by Nondestructive Evaluation................................................................................................................................................ 446

Nenad Gucunski, Sabine Kruschwitz, Ruediger Feldmann, Carl Rascoe

USE OF RISK AND RELIABILITY IN BRIDGE INSPECTION Relative Risk Assessment of Cable-Supported Structures ............................................................................................. 456

Brian J. Leshko

Risk-based Bridge Evaluations - A Texas Perspective.................................................................................................... 466Alan Kowalik

INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGES A Comparison of AASHTO Bridge Load Rating Methods ............................................................................................ 472

Cristopher D. Moen, Leo Fernandez

Creating a Bridge Inspection Program ............................................................................................................................ 480Deborah Steinberg

Managing Premature Concrete Deterioration in Bridges .............................................................................................. 485Mark E. Williams, Dilip Choudhuri

The Changing World of Underwater Bridge Inspections............................................................................................... 491Jeffrey B. Rowe

CABLE SUPPORTED BRIDGES Luling Bridge Stay Cable Replacement ........................................................................................................................... 498

Armin B. Mehrabi

Newport/Pell Bridge Main Cable Investigation and Anchorage Dehumidification ..................................................... 508Roger Haight, Debra Moolin, Peter Janaros

Replacing Stay-Cables of the Rhine River Bridge Rheinbrucke Flehe without Traffic Interruption ........................ 518Gero A. Marzahn, Sven Sieberth, Stefan Gurtmann

Stay Cable Vibration Testing at the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge .............................................. 528Travis Green, Mark Moore, W. Robert Hannen

BRIDGE VULNERABILITY TO EXTREME HAZARDS A Probabilistic Model for the Estimation of Shear Capacity of Bridge Piers Subjected to Dynamic Loading............................................................................................................................................................................... 537

Hrishikesh Sharma, Stefan Hurlebaus, Paolo Gardoni

Multi-Hazard Consideration of Seismic and Aging Threats to Bridges........................................................................ 547Jayadipta Ghosh, Jamie E. Padgett

Storm Surge and Wave Loading on Bridge Superstructures......................................................................................... 557Justin Marin, D. Max Sheppard

BUILDINGS

STRUCTURAL DESIGN PERFORMANCE AND SERVICEABILITY Enhancing the Structural Performance of a Slender Residential Tower Using Supplemental Damping System................................................................................................................................................................................. 567

Bujar Myslimaj, Jamieson Robinson, Andrew Smith, Stephen DeSimone, Christopher Cerino, Ashley Byrne

Floor Response Spectra for Frame Buildings under Ultimate and Serviceability Limit States .................................. 577S. R. Uma, John Zhao, Andrew King

Performance-Based Design for Motion Control of a Supertall Tower .......................................................................... 587Scott Gamble, Jamieson K. Robinson, Rabih Alkhatib, Andrew Smith, Trevor Haskett, Joseph Burns, David McLean

Probabilistic Assessment of Occupant Comfort in Tall Buildings................................................................................. 599Rachel Bashor, Ahsan Kareem

THE DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS Direct Analysis Method Case Study - Addressing Stability for the Russia Tower ....................................................... 609

Robert A. Halvorson, Carrie Warner, Alex Lang

Interface of the Direct Analysis Method and Seismic Design......................................................................................... 619Taichiro Okazaki, Mathew Parkolap, Larry A. Fahnestock

Three-dimensional Verification and Application of the Direct Analysis Approach..................................................... 627Andrea E. Surovek, Bulent N. Alemdar, Aaron J. Hartwell

STRUCTURAL FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN I Effect of Restraint Force Location on the Response of Steel Beams Exposed to Fire .................................................. 632

Mahmud Dwaikat, Venkatesh Kodur

Modified Connection Details for Single Plate Steel Connections under Fire................................................................ 642Serdar Selamet, Maria E. Garlock

Numerical Study of the Fire Resistance of Steel Columns in Axial Compression and Uniform Bending .................. 650Didier Talamona

Stress-Strain Relationships for Concrete at Elevated Temperatures ............................................................................ 660Adam Knaack, Yahya Kurama, David Kirkner

STRUCTURAL FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN II Behavior of High Strength Concrete Columns under Design Fire Scenarios ............................................................... 670

Nikhil Raut, Venkatesh Kodur

Simple Approach for Calculating Inelastic Deflections of Simply Supported Steel Beams under Fire...................... 680Shahid Iqbal, Mahmud Dwaikat, Ronald S. Harichandran

Stability Behavior of Steel Building Structures with Perimeter MRFs under Fire Loading Effects .......................... 687Anil Agarwal, Amit H. Varma, Guillermo Cedeno

ADVANCES IN WIND ENGINEERING PRACTICE AND RESEARCH FOR TALL BUILDINGS Effects of Structural and Aerodynamic Couplings on the Dynamic Response of Tall Twin Buildings with a Skybridge ................................................................................................................................................................ 697

Juntack Lim, Bogusz Bienkiewicz

Wind Engineering for Louisville Museum Plaza ............................................................................................................ 706J. Andrew Fry, Daryl Boggs, Kevin Solberg, Brian Morgen

Wind Engineering Studies for Super-tall Buildings........................................................................................................ 716Jiming Xie, Derek Kelly

VOLUME 2

DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION OF COLD-FORMED STEEL FOR THE PRACTICING ENGINEER Design and Specification of Standing Seam Roof Panels and Systems.......................................................................... 726

W. Lee Shoemaker

Design and Specification of Metal Studs .......................................................................................................................... 736Don Allen

COLLAPSE PREVENTION DESIGN OF STEEL BUILDINGS FOR MODERATE SEISMIC REGIONS I: CONNECTIONS Origins of R=3.................................................................................................................................................................... 746

Charles J. Carter

Cyclic Behavior and Performance of Beam-Column Connections in Concentrically Braced Frames ....................... 756Larry A. Fahnestock, Christopher D. Stoakes

Vertical Bracing Connections for Moderate Seismic Demands ..................................................................................... 764Larry S. Muir, William A. Thornton

COLLAPSE PREVENTION DESIGN OF STEEL BUILDINGS FOR MODERATE SEISMIC REGIONS II: SYSTEMS Building Design for Moderate Seismic Regions .............................................................................................................. 774

Peter J. Cheever, Eric M. Hines

Eccentric Braced Frame Design for Moderate Seismic Regions.................................................................................... 784Eric M. Hines

Seismic Performance of Conventional Construction Braced Steel Frames Designed According to Canadian Seismic Provisions ............................................................................................................................................ 794

Robert Tremblay, Pierre X. Castonguay, Kim Guilini-Charette, Sanda Koboevic

Steel-Framed Rocking Structural Systems for Moderate Seismic Zones...................................................................... 804Matthew Eatherton, Jerome F. Hajjar, Gregory G. Deierlein, Xiang Ma, Sarah Billington, Helmut Krawinkler

RESEARCH ADVANCES 1

FUNCTIONALLY UPGRADED PASSIVE DEVICES I Definition and Examples of Functionally Upgraded Passive Devices............................................................................ 813

Genda Chen

Effectiveness of Partial Isolation of Bridges for Improving Column Performance...................................................... 821Keri L. Ryan, Wenying Hu

Fundamental Frequency of Water Sloshing Waves in a Sloped-Bottom Tank as Tuned Liquid Damper ............................................................................................................................................................................... 831

Meziane Idir, Xiaohua Ding, Genda Chen

Seismic Isolators of Variable Stiffness for Earthquakes with Strong Long-period Components ............................... 841Lyan-Ywan Lu, I-Ling Yeh, Hsun Chang

FUNCTIONALLY UPGRADED PASSIVE DEVICES II Structural Control Using Functionally Upgraded Spring-Damper Isolator Having Integral Gapping Elements ............................................................................................................................................................................. 850

Douglas P. Taylor, John C. Metzger

Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of a Large-scale TLD Model with Sloped Bottoms....................... 860XiaoHua Ding, Meziane Idir, MengLin Lou, GenDa Chen

Variation of Supplemental Stiffness and Damping using Adjustable Passive Fluid Spring and Damper in Scissor Jack System....................................................................................................................................................... 870

Satish Nagarajaiah, Douglas Taylor, J. Dyck

NON BUILDING AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES 1

DESIGN OF TENSIONED FABRIC STRUCTURES "Archineering" Trends for Tensioned Fabric Structures.............................................................................................. 878

Wilfried Laufs, Thornton Tomasetti

Design of Connections for Tensioned Fabric Structures ................................................................................................ 884Craig G. Huntington

Loading Considerations for Tensioned Fabric Structures ............................................................................................. 894David M. Campbell

Modeling of Tensioned Fabric Structures ....................................................................................................................... 899Michael W. Ishler

TENSILE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES Architectural Membranes used for Tensile Membrane Structures............................................................................... 909

Frank Bradenburg

Structural Fabric Tear Propagation ................................................................................................................................ 916Wayne Rendely

DESIGN OPTIONS FOR HEAVY INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES Buckling Restrained Braced Frame Application for a Power Plant.............................................................................. 920

Harold O. Sprague

Design of Modular Composite Walls Subjected to Thermal and Mechanical Loading ............................................... 928S. R. Malushte, P. N. Booth, A. H. Varma

Use of Concrete Filled Tube (CFT) Vertical Braces in a Moderate/High Seismic Area .............................................. 936John W. Oleksik, Tim M. Gilbert, Sanjeev R. Malushte

CONCRETE COOLING TOWERS From Cooling Towers to Chimneys of Solar Upwind Power Plants.............................................................................. 944

Reinhard Harte, Wilfried B. Kratzig, Hans-Jurgen Niemann

New German Natural Draft Cooling Towers for High-efficient Power Generation .................................................... 954Ulrich Ecktein, Reinhard Harte, Wilfried B. Kraetzig, Ralf Woermann

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CONCRETE INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEYS An Investigation on Seismic Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Industrial Chimneys ............................................... 964

Necip Onder Akinci

Evaluation of Concrete Chimneys Designed According to ACI 307 Standard ............................................................. 972Javeed Munshi, Sungjin Bae, Carlos Coronado, Jie Li, Ossama Ali

The New ACI 307-08 Chimney Code - Seismic Design Requirements .......................................................................... 982Shu-jin Fang, Bob Porthouse

Nonlinear Analysis of a Collapsed Reinforced Concrete Chimney................................................................................ 994Phillip L. Gould, Wei Huang

SEISMIC DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL STRUCTURES Seismic Behavior Considerations for Jumbo Container Cranes.................................................................................. 1000

Benjamin D. Kosbab, Roberto T. Leon, Reginald DesRoches

Seismic Hazard Mitigation of Wine Barrel Stacks........................................................................................................ 1010Charles Chadwell, Kyle Brennan, Matthew Porter

Simplified Dynamic Analysis Methods for Guyed Telecommunication Masts Under Seismic Excitation ............... 1020S. Ali Ghafari Oskoei, Ghyslaine McClure

LOCAL RESEARCH

HIGHLIGHTS OF RESEARCH IN TEXAS – CONCRETE STRUCTURES Experimental Investigation of Full-Depth Precast Overhang Panels for Concrete Bridge Decks ............................ 1030

Thomas J. Mander, Matthew D. Henley, Reece M. Scott, Monique Hite Head, John B. Mander, David Trejo

Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams ............................................................................. 1039Padmanabha Rao Tadepalli, Y. L. Mo, Thomas T. C. Hsu, John Vogel

Shear Capacity of Large-Scale Bridge Bent Specimens Subject to Alkali-Silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation ....................................................................................................................................................... 1049

Dean Deschenes, Oguzhan Bayrak, Kevin Folliard

Shear Strength of Steel Fiber Reinforced Prestressed Concrete Beams ..................................................................... 1058Jae-Sung Cho, Joe Lundy, Shih-Ho Chao

Elevated Temperature Properties of ASTM A992 Steel............................................................................................... 1067Guanyu Hu, Mohammed Ali Morovat, Jinwoo Lee, Eric Schell, Michael Engelhardt

HIGHLIGHTS OF RESEARCH IN TEXAS – PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN, LOSS, AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Loss Model for Seismically Damaged Structures .......................................................................................................... 1077

John B. Mander, Jyotirmoy Sircar

NSF Nees Small-Group Project on Performancebased Design of Masonry and Masonry Veneer ........................... 1087Seongwoo Jo, Hussein Okail, Richard E. Klingner, W. Mark McGinley, P. Benson Shing

Realtime Damage Detection in Buildings using Filter Based Radial Basis Function Network Mapping ................. 1097Michael Contreras, Satish Nagarajaiah, Sriram Narasimhan

RESEARCH ADVANCES 2

BLAST TO PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE – COMPONENT VS. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Developing Rational and Efficacious Blast-Resistant Design Methodologies ............................................................. 1107

John E. Crawford

Localized Damage Effects on Building Robustness....................................................................................................... 1117Theodor Krauthammer, H. C. Yim

Methodologies for Progressive Collapse Analysis ......................................................................................................... 1126Steven W. Kirkpatrick, Robert MacNeill, Joseph L. Smith, Kenneth Herrle, Mikhael Erekson

BLAST RESPONSE WALLS Blast Design of Stay-In-Place PVC-Formed Concrete Walls ....................................................................................... 1136

Hani Salim, Aaron Saucier, John Hoemann, Robert Dinan

Blast Response of Conventional and High Performance Reinforced Concrete Panels .............................................. 1142Stephen D. Robert, Carol F. Johnson

Load-Impulse Diagrams for Protected Facility Assessment ........................................................................................ 1151Theodor Krauthammer, Serdar Astarlioglu, Joseph R. Blasko

Response and Analyses of Multi-wythe Insulated Masonry Walls to Out-of-Plane Dynamic Pressure ................... 1162Robert S. Browning, James S. Davidson, Robert J. Dinan

RESEARCH ADVANCES 3

HEALTH MONITORING AND SENSOR NETWORKS Blind Identification of Civil Structures.......................................................................................................................... 1172

Budhaditya Hazra, Aaron J. Roffel, Sriram Narasimhan, Mahesh Pandey

Modal Identification and Damage Detection for Structural Health Monitoring Under Ambient Vibration Environment ................................................................................................................................................... 1181

Gun Jin Yun

Modal Parameter Identification of MDOF structures based on vibration test .......................................................... 1191Hongjin Kim, Je-Woo Park, Jee-Hoon Lee, Jae-Seung Hwang, Ji-Seong Jo

Development of Quasi-Static Loading Protocols for Drift-Sensitive Nonstructural Building Components...................................................................................................................................................................... 1201

Behrouz Shafei, Farzin Zareian

FEM Analysis of Interaction Effects of 3-D RC Members Subjected to Multi-Directional Cyclic Loading............................................................................................................................................................................. 1209

Hiroshi Noguchi, Takashi Kashiwazaki

FUNDAMENTAL, ANALYTICAL, AND THEORETICAL ADVANCES Gusset plate connections in Concentrically Braced Steel Structures .......................................................................... 1219

Azadeh Alipour

Optimization In Structural Analysis And Design ......................................................................................................... 1229Y. Cengiz Toklu

Resistance Definition for Membrane Retrofit Concrete Masonry Walls Subjected to Blast..................................... 1239Lee Moradi, James Davidson, Robert Dinan

EXISTING BUILDINGS 1 EXTREME EVENT LOADING A Fiber-Based Heat Transfer Element for Modeling the Thermal Response of Structural Members Subjected to Fire .............................................................................................................................................................. 1249

Ann E. Jeffers, Elisa D. Sotelino

Dynamic Energy based Method for Progressive Collapse Analysis ............................................................................ 1259Stefan Szyniszewski

Modeling Performance of Residential Wood Frame Structures Subjected to Hurricane Storm Surge ................... 1269Carol J. Friedland, Ayman M. Okeil, Marc L. Levitan

Response of Concrete Masonry Walls to Simulated Blast Loads................................................................................. 1277Michael G. Oesterle, Gilbert A. Hegemier, Kenneth B. Morrill

DESIGN OF BUILDINGS FOR EXTREME LOADS Anatomy of Damage to Coastal Construction: A Multi-Hazard Perspective ............................................................. 1287

Megan McCullough, Ahsan Kareem

Blast Performance of Prestressed Concrete Panels....................................................................................................... 1297David A. Dunkman, Ali E. Abu Yousef, Pranav M. Karve, Eric B. Williamson

Common Misconceptions in Determining Wind/Water Damage Causation............................................................... 1307J. Arn Womble, Douglas A. Smith

Energy Limit States and Maximum Mullion End Rotations for Nearly-Conventional Curtain Walls Subjected to Extreme Out-of-Plane Loads .................................................................................................................... 1317

Benjamin T. Kennedy, David C. Weggel

BUILDINGS/RESEARCH ADVANCES 4

SEISMIC DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES Effects of Loading Parameters on the Behavior of Unbonded Post-Tensioning Strand/Anchorage Systems in Seismic Regions ............................................................................................................................................. 1327

Kevin Q. Walsh, Yahya C. Kurama

Experimental Evaluation of Post-Tensioned Precast Concrete Coupling Beams....................................................... 1337Brad D. Weldon, Yahya C. Kurama

Seismic Damage Evaluation for Low-Rise RC School Buildings in Taiwan ............................................................... 1347Yi-Hsuan Tu, Pei-Lin Yeh, Tzu-Wei Liu, Wen-Yu Jean

SEISMIC DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES Comparative Study of Bolted Versus Welded SCBF Connections .............................................................................. 1357

Robert P. Krumpen III, Peter J. Carrato

Earthquake Simulations on a Self-Centering Steel Moment Resisting Frame with Web Friction Devices .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1364

Ying-Cheng Lin, James Ricles, Richard Sause, Choung-Yeol Seo

Role of Yield Mechanism Selection on Seismic Behavior of Steel Moment Frames Designed by Performance-Based Plastic Method ............................................................................................................................... 1374

Subhash C. Goel, Sachi Furukawa

SEISMIC FRAGILITY OF STRUCTURES WITH PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS Analytical Fragility Models for Box Girder Bridges With and Without Protective Systems .................................... 1383

Chuang-Sheng Yang, Reginald DesRoches, Jamie E. Padgett

Energy-Based Seismic Fragility Analysis of Actively Controlled Structures.............................................................. 1393Kevin K. F. Wong

Seismic Performance and Retrofit for Tilt-Up Concrete Buildings in Mid-America................................................. 1403Jong-Wha Bai, Mary Beth D. Hueste, Paolo Gardoni

NEW OPTIONS FOR LATERAL RESISTANCE SYSTEMS IN STEEL BUILDINGS An Overview of Self-Centering Steel Moment Frames................................................................................................. 1412

Gordana Herning, Maria M. Garlock, James Ricles, Richard Sause, Jie Li

Design Concepts for Damage-Free Seismic-Resistant Self-Centering Steel Concentrically Braced Frames .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1421

David Roke, Richard Sause, James M. Ricles, Nathaniel Gonner

Design of Lateral Load Resisting Frames Using Steel Joists and Joist Girders ......................................................... 1431Perry S. Green, James M. Fisher, Joe Pote

Lateral Resistance Using Steel Slit Panel Frames (SSPFs)........................................................................................... 1447Gustavo Cortes, Judy Liu

VOLUME 3

TALL BUILDINGS

CHALLENGES OF DESIGNING SUPER TALL BUILDINGS WITH CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES 555m Tall Lotte Super Tower, Seoul, Korea ................................................................................................................. 1452

Charles Besjak, Bonghwan Kim, Preetam Biswas

Russia Tower: Design Challenges................................................................................................................................... 1462Robert A. Halvorson

The Challenges in Designing the World's Tallest Structure: The Burj Dubai Tower ............................................... 1471William F. Baker, James J. Pawlikowski, Bradley S. Young

INTEGRATED DESIGN OF TALL BUILDINGS: RECENT TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES Integrated Architectural Design ..................................................................................................................................... 1481

Raymond S. Clark

Integrated Design: Everything Matters The Development of Burj Dubai and The New Beijing Poly Plaza.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1485

William F. Baker, Aaron Mazeika, James Pawlikowski

CONCRETE AND MASONRY STRUCTURES

NEW DEVELOPMENTS FOR PRACTICAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE FRAME CONNECTIONS A Practical Model for Beam-Column Connection Behavior in Reinforced Concrete Frames .................................. 1495

Anna Birely, Dawn Lehman, Laura Lowes

Headed Reinforcement Applications for Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Connections .................................... 1505Thomas H. K. Kang, Myoungu Shin, Nilanjan Mitra

Lateral Drift Limits for Structural Concrete Slab-Column Connections, Including Shear Reinforcement Effects ..................................................................................................................................................... 1515

Mary Beth D. Hueste, Thomas H. K. Kang, Ian N. Robertson

Performance and Design of Eccentric Reinforced Concrete Beam- Column Connections Subjected to Seismic Lateral Load Reversals...................................................................................................................................... 1525

James M. LaFave, Myoungsu Shin

EXPORING ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN? WHAT IS NECESSARY? Allowable Tensile Stress Limit at Prestress Transfer ................................................................................................... 1534

Robin Tuchscherer, Ozzie Bayrak

Effects of Increasing the Allowable Compressive Stress at Prestress Transfer.......................................................... 1544Brian Schnittker, David Birrcher, Oguzhan Bayrak

Fatigue Durability of Partially Post-Tensioned Concrete Members ........................................................................... 1554Jeffrey S. Volz, Andrea J. Schokker

ACI 318 – STRUCTURAL CONCRETE BUILDING CODE REORGANIZATION ACI 318 Building Code -The Time is Right for Reorganization .................................................................................. 1564

Randall W. Poston

BUILDING CONSENSUS: Reorganization of the ACI 318 Building Code for Structural Concrete ...................... 1569Charles W. Dolan, Lisa R. Feldman

Member Based Design Using a Reorganized ACI 318 Building Code......................................................................... 1574Robert J. Frosch

SIZE EFFECTS, CONFLICTING DESIGN METHODS, AND OTHER PUZZLES IN SHEAR Contribution of Concrete to Shear Resistance .............................................................................................................. 1579

Robert J. Frosch

Contribution of Stirrups to Shear Resistance................................................................................................................ 1587Daniel Kuchma

Depth Effect in Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams........................................................................................................ 1595David Birrcher, Robin Tuchscherer, Matthew Huizinga, Oguzhan Bayrak

Shear Strength of Members without Transverse Reinforcement ................................................................................ 1604Evan C. Bentz

RESEARCH ADVANCES 5/CODES & STANDARDS 1

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH RESULTS I A Tracking Error-Based Adaptive Compensation Scheme for Real-Time Hybrid Simulation ................................ 1612

Cheng Chen, James M. Ricles

Characteristics of PVA Fiber-Reinforced Mortars....................................................................................................... 1622Brian N. Skourup, Ece Erdogmus

Experimental Determination of the Seismic Response of Port Container Cranes Including Uplift Phenomena ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1632

Laura D. Jacobs, Reginald DesRoches, Roberto T. Leon

Experimental Investigation on Granite Masonry Behavior Under Compression ...................................................... 1639Fei Zeng, Feng-Bao Lin, Kolluru V. Subramaniam

Stability Behavior and Design of Steel Columns Under Fire Loading ........................................................................ 1648Anil Agarwal, Amit H. Varma, Lisa Choe, Guillermo Cedeno

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH RESULTS II A Novel Cable-Enhanced, Wire-Mesh Reinforcement System for Structural Concrete to Improve its Blast-Resisting Properties ............................................................................................................................................... 1658

Jameel Ahmad

Combined Shear and Wind Uplift Resistance of Wood Structural Panel Shearwalls ............................................... 1662Borjen Yeh, Thomas Williamson, Edward Keith

Design of Hybrid Precast Concrete Walls for Seismic Regions ................................................................................... 1673Brian J. Smith, Yahya C. Kurama

Proof of Concept Testing of Cable Bracing System with Rotating Central Energy Dissipater................................. 1683Masahiro Kurata, Roberto T. Leon, Reginald DesRoches

DISPROPORTIONATE COLLAPSE SYMPOSIUM

EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF ROBUSTNESS OF FRAMED BUILDINGS Development of 3D Models of Steel Moment-Frame Buildings for Assessment of Robustness and Progressive Collapse Vulnerability ................................................................................................................................ 1693

Joseph A. Main, Fahim Sadek

Development of Reduced Structural Models for Assessment of Progressive Collapse .............................................. 1701Yihai Bao, Sashi Kunnath, Sherif El-Tawil

Testing and Analysis of Steel Beam-Column Assemblies under Column Removal Scenarios .................................. 1708Fahim Sadek, Joseph A. Main, H. S. Lew, Stephen D. Robert, Vincent Chiarito

DOD PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Overview of the Revised DoD Progressive Collapse Design Requirements ................................................................ 1718

David Stevens, Owen Hewitt, Tim Campbell, Kirk Marchand

Revision of the Tie Force and Alternate Path Approaches in the DoD Progressive Collapse Design Requirements ................................................................................................................................................................... 1723

David Stevens, Kirk Marchand, Aldo McKay

Development and Application of Linear and Non-Linear Static Approaches in UFC 4-023-03 ............................... 1729Kirk Marchland, Aldo McKay, David J. Stevens

Discussion of Examples using the Revised DoD Progressive Collapse Design Requirements ................................... 1739Joseph Gannon, Viral Patel, Mark Waggoner, Eric Williamson

PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE, REDUNDANCY, AND ROBUSTNESS (INTERNATIONAL P-C SYMPOSIUM A Measure of Lifetime Structural Robustness .............................................................................................................. 1749

Fabio Biondini

Evaluating Measures of Structural Robustness ............................................................................................................ 1758Uwe Starossek, Marco Haberland

Performance as a Measure of Robustness ..................................................................................................................... 1766Mahendra Shah

Probabilistic Analysis of Bridge Redundancy ............................................................................................................... 1771Feng Miao, Michel Ghosn

Redundancy of Structural Systems based on Survivor Functions ............................................................................... 1781Dan M. Frangopol, Nader M. Okasha, Fazlur R. Khan

EUROPEAN RESEARCH INTO PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE Design-Oriented Approaches for Progressive Collapse Assessment: Load-Factor vs Ductility-Centred Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1791

Bassam A. Izzuddin, David A. Nethercot

Experimental and Analytical Investigations on the Response of Structural Building Frames Further to a Column Loss ............................................................................................................................................................. 1801

Jean-Francois Demonceau, Jean-Pierre Jaspart

Progressive Collapse: Failure Criteria Used in Engineering Analysis ........................................................................ 1811Panagiotis M. Stylianidis, David A. Nethercot, Bassam A. Izzuddin, Ahmed Y. Elghazouli

Response of End-Plate Joints under Combined Forces ................................................................................................ 1821Nadia Baldassino, Riccardo Zandonini

ASCE/SEI DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR MITIGATION OF DISPROPORTIONATE COLLAPSE IN BUILDING STRUCTURES Applicability of Prescribed Robustness and Design Approaches to Building Classes for Disproportionate Collapse Resistance............................................................................................................................ 1831

Kirk Marchand, Robert Smilowitz

Approaches for Design to Resist Disproportionate Collapse ....................................................................................... 1841Robert Smilowitz, Mark Waggoner, Kirk Marchand

Levels of Prescribed Enhanced Robustness for Mitigation of Disproportionate Collapse ........................................ 1846Kirk A. Marchand, David J. Stevens, Paul F. Mlakar

Risk Assessment to Support Design to Resist Disproportionate Collapse................................................................... 1856Stephanie A. King, David J. Stevens

RECENT RESEARCH ON PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE Abnormal Loads and Disproportionate Collapse: Risk Mitigation Strategies ........................................................... 1860

Bruce R. Ellingwood

Behavior of Varied Steel Frame Connection Types Subjected to Air Blast, Debris Impact, and/or Post-Blast Progressive Collapse Load Conditions......................................................................................................... 1868

Jesse E. Karns, David L. Houghton, Jong-Kook Hong, Joonghwan Kim

Evaluation of an Existing Steel Frame Building against Progressive Collapse .......................................................... 1878Brian I. Song, Halil Sezen

Progressive Collapse Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................... 1886Marco Haberland, Uwe Starossek

DISPROPORTIONATE COLLAPSE RESEARCH NEEDS Disproportionate Collapse Research Needs................................................................................................................... 1896

Bruce Ellingwood, Shalva Marjanishvili, Paul Mlakar, Mehrdad Sasani, Eric Williamson

Disproportionate Collapse: The Futility of Using Nonlinear Analysis ........................................................................ 1908Graham Powell

EXISTING BUILDINGS 2 / INTERNATIONAL

COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR STRUCTURAL INDENTIFICATION – WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING A Time-Domain Covariance-Based Parameter Estimation Method for Torsional Shear Buildings ........................ 1918

Roshanak Omrani, Ralph E. Hudson, Ertugrul Taciroglu

Application of a Time-Domain Local Identification Methodology to Compact Analysis of Continuous and Complete Structural Response Data ....................................................................................................................... 1928

Robert L. Nigbor, Reza D. Nayeri, Sami F. Masri, Roger G. Ghanem

Effects of the Structural Identification on the Appearance of Multiple Solutions in Model Updating..................... 1938Boris A. Zarate, Juan M. Caicedo

Updating Structural Properties using Modal Parameters Considering Measurement Errors ................................. 1945Qindan Huang, Paolo Gardoni, Stefan Hurlebaus

CASE STUDIES FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND RESTORATION OF EXISTING BUILDING STRUCTURES Assessment and Restoration of Post-Tensioned Buildings - Parking Ramp Structures ............................................ 1954

Gabriel A. Jimenez

Repair of Three-Story Residential Condominium in Lake Oswego, Oregon.............................................................. 1964Clemens J. Rossell, Colin R. Murphy

Repair of Concrete Elements Using Externally Bonded Reinforcement: 30 Year History ....................................... 1975Narendra Gosain, Walter P. Moore

Second Avenue Subway Project, New York - Reconstructing Existing Buildings for New Station Entrances.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1983

Richard Giffen, Karim Ezzeldin, Neil Towell

Structural and Environmental Stabilization of a Historic Wood-Framed Museum .................................................. 1991Gary R. Searer, James A. Mahaney

RESTORATION AND REPAIR OF EXISTING BUILDINGS A Case Study on the Use of Advanced Fiberwrap Composites for the Structural Rehabilitation of Pre-Stressed Structural Elements.......................................................................................................................................... 2000

Tomas Jimenez, Scott F. Arnold

Elastic Buckling Finite Strip Analysis of the AISC Sections Database and Proposed Local Plate Buckling Coefficients....................................................................................................................................................... 2008

Mina Seif, Benjamin Schafer

Repair of Pile Cap Foundations Using Strut-and-Tie Models ..................................................................................... 2018John F. Duntemann, Ernest Rogalla, Jennifer A. Dimig, Brian R. Greve

RESEARCH ADVANCES 6 / NON BUILDING SPECIAL STRUCTURES 2

INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITE BEAMS AND FLOORS ON SYSTEM BEHAVIOR UNDER EXTREME LOADS Behavior of Floor Systems Under Realistic Fire Loading ............................................................................................ 2026

Guillermo Cedeno, Amit H. Varma, Anil Agarwal

Rotation and Strength Demands for Simple Connections to Support Large Vertical Deflections............................ 2036Jonathan Weigand, Jeffrey Berman

Modeling Structural Collapse Including Floor Slab Contributions ............................................................................ 2046Eric B. Williamson, David J. Stevens

BLAST PROTECTION AGAINST INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIONS A Case Study in Analyzing the Response of Structures to a Jet Fuel Vapor-Phase Explosion ................................. 2055

Lara Leininger, Shalva Marjanishvili

Comprehensive Component Based Screening Curve Library ..................................................................................... 2064Mehmet C. Ozbey, William C. LeBoeuf, Ali Sari, Darrell D. Barker

Blast Analysis and Retrofit of Structures in Industrial Facilities ................................................................................ 2075Ali Sari, Mark Whitney, Walt Sawruk

WIND LOADS ON PETROCHEMICAL AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES Recent Research for Wind Loads on Petrochemical Structures .................................................................................. 2088

Samuel D. Amoroso, Marc L. Levitan

Wind Load Considerations for Existing Petrochemical Structures............................................................................. 2098Richard T. Gilbert, James R. Bailey, Norman Rennalls, Gregory B. Young

WIND TURBINE AND FOUNDATION DESIGN Dynamic Analysis of a Wind Turbine and Foundation to Assess Liquefaction Potential of Bearing Soils ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2107

Bill Branca, Jomaa Ben-Hassine

Fatigue-driven Wind Farm Towers: A Practical Introduction to Fatigue Calculations............................................ 2119Nestor Agbayani, Vishal Kyatham

RESEARCH ADVANCES 7 / BRIDGE AND TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURES 3

MULTI-HAZARD APPROACHES TO ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Blast Resistance of Unreinforced Masonry (URM) Walls Retrofitted With Nano Reinforced Elastomeric Materials ..................................................................................................................................................... 2133

Mohammad Irshidat, Ahmed Al-Ostaz, Alexander Cheng, Christopher Mullen

Design and Detailing Guidelines for Bridge Columns Subjected to Blast and other Extreme Loads....................... 2143Carrie E. Davis, George D. Williams, Eric B. Williamson, Kirk A. Marchand, Aldo E. McKay, Oguzhan Bayrak

Subsystem Instability Conditions in Steel Frames Associated with Extreme Lateral Loading................................. 2153Charlie Burchfield, Tezeswi Tadepalli, Christopher Mullen

STEEL BRIDGE ISSUES Analysis of Critical Gusset Plates in the Collapsed I-35W Bridge............................................................................... 2159

Minmao Liao, Taichiro Okazaki, Roberto Ballarini, Arturo E. Schultz, Theodore V. Galambos

VOLUME 4

Compliance Ratio Method for Calculating Energy Release Rates in Structural Steels ............................................. 2169

Akhrawat Lenwari

Fatigue Analysis of Peened Bridge Welds under Realistic Service Loading Conditions Including Periodic Overload Events................................................................................................................................................ 2179

Scott Walbridge

Service Life Prediction for Weathering Steel Highway Structures ............................................................................. 2189Neal Damgaard, Scott Walbridge

RESEARCH ADVANCES 8 / EDUCATION

A REMARKABLE NEW CONCRETE Prefabricated Floor and Roof Panels with Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) ........................................ 2199

Gregor Fischer, Larus H. Larusson, Jeppe Jonsson

Damage Tolerant ECC for Integrity of Structures Under Extreme Loads................................................................. 2209Victor C. Li

Engineered Cementitious Composites: An Innovative Concrete for Durable Structure ........................................... 2219Mustafa Sahmaran, Victor C. Li

Sustainable Infrastructure Systems using Engineered Cementitious Composites ..................................................... 2232Michael D. Lepech

EDUCATION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS Changing the Home Building Paradigm of the Gulf South through Education ......................................................... 2242

Robert J. Taylor, Dennis L. Pitts, Jeffrey B. Stone, Sam Nelson, Paul Bove, W. David Franklin

How to SEE Design in the Future................................................................................................................................... 2253James Mwangi, Brent Nuttall, Kevin Dong

Wood Education Institute - The Entrepreneurial Spirit of Cooperation Between the Wood Industry and the University System............................................................................................................................................... 2259

Mikhail Gershfeld, Charles B. Chadwell

BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (S.E.) LICENSURE Suggested Steps To Follow For The Enactment Of A Separate Structural Engineering Practice Act ..................... 2268

John H. Shipp

The Business of Ethics ..................................................................................................................................................... 2288Michael N. Goodkind

Ethics and Technical Assessment after a Disaster: An Ongoing Case Study.............................................................. 2294Norma Jean Mattei

BIM IN SE PROFESSION Intelligent Design Codes .................................................................................................................................................. 2303

Nawari O. Nawari

PRACTICAL DESIGN Cracking in Concrete Fill on Metal Decks, Cracking in Flat Plate Concrete Slabs, and Cracking in Concrete Walls ................................................................................................................................................................. 2313

Gary R. Searer, Terrence F. Paret, Joseph Valancius, James C. Pan

Economy in Stiffened Seated Beam Connections .......................................................................................................... 2323Brian N. Skourup, Leslie E. Robertson

The St. Regis Hotel and Residence (Atlanta, GA) - Analysis, Design, and Construction........................................... 2328Nathan Ararat Watson, Ozgur Kurc, Kritsakorn Luangvilai, Onur Celik, Martin R. Ocon

CODES AND STANDARDS 2

A NEW STANDARD FOR BLAST RESISTANT DESIGN Blast Protection of Buildings - Design Criteria and Loads........................................................................................... 2337

Jon A. Schmidt, Paul F. Mlakar

Blast Protection of Buildings - Structural Systems, Protected Spaces, Building Envelope and Glazing .................. 2344Robert Smilowitz, Lorraine Lin

Blast Protection of Buildings - Detailing and Performance Qualification .................................................................. 2348Steven Smith, Andrew Whittaker, W. Gene Corley

GENERAL CODE ISSUES All is Not Clear in ACI 318 Building Code .................................................................................................................... 2354

Javeed Munshi

Comparison of Structural Seismic Design using AASHTO, IBC and AREMA ......................................................... 2364Xuezeng Wu

European Standards for Repair and Protection of Concrete....................................................................................... 2369Andrew Ardrey, Peter Robery

Quality Control of Wire Strand used in Prestressed and Post Tensioned Structures................................................ 2382Vaibhav Swami, William Ciggelakis

Specifying Steel Joists, Joist Girders and the IBC 2006 ............................................................................................... 2390Tim Holtermann, Mark Perry, Perry Green

LONG-SPAN STADIUM ROOFS Design Aspects of the New Liverpool Football Club Stadium Roof ............................................................................ 2400

Mark Boyle, Shonn Mills, Nicholas Cole

Engineering the Arch and Roof of Wembley Stadium ................................................................................................. 2409Kourosh Kayvani, Connell Wagner

New Dallas Cowboys Stadium: Longest Single-Span Roof Structure in the World................................................... 2418R. John Aniol, Joseph Dowd, David Platten

International Stadium Projects: Each Unique and Easy to Recognize ....................................................................... 2428Knut Goeppert, Michael Stein

WHAT PRACTICING ENGINEERS DO NOT WANT TO KNOW ABOUT WIND LOADING BUT NEED TO? Impact of Empirical Models for Approach Wind Exposures on Wind Loading on Low Buildings - A Comparative Study .......................................................................................................................................................... 2439

Bogusz Bienkiewicz, Munehito Endo, Joseph A. Main

Design Wind Speed Characteristics ............................................................................................................................... 2449Jon A. Peterka, Kirsten D. Orwig

Wind Loading and Building Exposure: Are We Still on A, B, C? ............................................................................... 2458Ted Stathopoulos, Kai Wang, Ioannis Zisis

SUSTAINABLE STRUCTURES

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS Ford Calumet Environmental Center: Educating the Region in Sustainable Design ................................................ 2467

Mark T. Koenigs, Thornton Tomasetti, Faz Ehsan

Seismic Evaluation of a Green Building Structural System: ICF Grid Walls ............................................................ 2475Peter Dusicka, Thomas Kay

SUSTAINABILITY AND STRUCTURES: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Building Envelope Life Cycle Condition Evaluation Using a Distress-Based Methodology...................................... 2482

Michael N. Grussing

Fabric Formwork - An Alternative Concrete Construction System............................................................................ 2491Russ Miller-Johnson

The Emergence of Rice Husk Ash - A Complimentary Cementing Material with Untapped Global Potential............................................................................................................................................................................ 2496

Helena Meryman

INTEGRATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURE IN EXTERIOR WALL SYSTEMS Architectural Precast Panel Systems Used for Lateral Force Resistance ................................................................... 2506

J. Paul Hobelmann, Macarena Schachter

Cable-nets and 'Rocker Mechanisms' The New Beijing Poly Plaza ............................................................................ 2516Mark Sarkisian, Neville Mathias, Aaron Mazeika

Designing the Right Double Skin Facade....................................................................................................................... 2526Tai Hollingsbee, John Kooymans, Terry McDonnell

New Frontiers in the Design of Integrated Exterior Wall Systems.............................................................................. 2535Mark Sarkisian, Neville Mathias, Eric Long, Peter Lee

ENERGY-GENERATING AND ENVIRONMENTALLY INTERACTIVE STRUCTURES Design Synthesis and Analysis of a Solar Chimney at KAUST.................................................................................... 2546

Meiring J. H. Beyers, Duncan Phillips

Models for Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations and their Influence on Long-Term Loads ................................... 2558Erica Bush, Lance Manuel

Structural Design of the KAUST Solar Tower.............................................................................................................. 2568Mark C. Waggoner, Sridhar Baldava

Wind Considerations for Loose-laid and Photovoltaic Roofing Systems .................................................................... 2578Bogusz Bienkiewicz, Munehito Endo

POSTERS Analysis of Strong Motion Data from Buildings ........................................................................................................... 2588

Rakesh K. Goel

Analysis of Waffle Slabs with and without Openings ................................................................................................... 2599Ahmed Ibrahim, Hani Salim, Hamdy Shehab Eldin

Causal Clipped Semi-Active Control of Earthquake Response ................................................................................... 2606Unal Aldemir

Corrosion Evaluation & Cable Break Detection for Post-tensioned and Prestressed Cables ................................... 2614Garth Fallis, Tore O. Arnesen

Dynamic Response of the Long Channel Resting on the Soil and Excited by SH Waves .......................................... 2625Abdul Hayir

Effect of Restraint on Behavior of Inverted Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shells Under Unbalanced Live Loads................................................................................................................................................................................. 2635

Byoung-Jun Lee, Keith Kesner, John McIsaac

Effects of NSM CFRP Bars in Shear Strengthening of Concrete Members ............................................................... 2645Anwarul Islam

Fiber Model Analysis of RC Elements Subjected to Torsion ....................................................................................... 2659T. R. S. Mullapudi, Ashraf Ayoub

Finite Element Analysis of Stiffened Beam Column Connection ................................................................................. 2669A. Aslam

Inelastic Analysis of Foundation Structures.................................................................................................................. 2676T. R. S. Mullapudi, Ashraf Ayoub

Numerical Modeling of Flexural Enhancement in Carbon Nanotube/Cement Composite ....................................... 2686Lai Yin Christina Chan, Bassem Andrawes

Preliminary Design of a Special Monumental Structure .............................................................................................. 2694Mir M. Ali, Abbas Aminmansour

Theoretical Stress-Strain Model for High-strength Concrete Confined with Opposing Spirals ............................... 2700J. C. West, R. A. Hindi

Uniaxial Compression Behavior of Actively Confined Concrete using Shape Memory Alloys ................................. 2710Moochul Shin, Bassem Andrawes

Reflection on the Earthquake Design Practice in Hong Kong through a Time History Analysis ............................. 2718Chao Li, Sha Chen

A Comparison between High Water Marks and Hydrograph Recordings in Hurricane Rita.................................. 2724Charles R. Norman

A Geometrical Inclusion-Matrix Model for Concrete .................................................................................................. 2731I. Rasoolan, S. Amirodin, Areza Bagheri

A Low-Cost Housing Option in Seismic Regions .......................................................................................................... 2741Javeed Munshi

Analysis and Design of a 47-story Reinforced Concrete Structure - Futian Shangri-La Hotel Tower..................... 2751Dennis C. K. Poon, Ling-en Hsiao, Steve Zuo

Behavior of a Long-Term Tensile Force Measurement Device.................................................................................... 2765Kyung-Jae Shin, Wha-Jung Kim, Swoo-Heon Lee, Min-Suk Park

Carbon Fiber Composite Jackets to Protect Reinforced Concrete Columns against Blast Damage ........................ 2775Tonatiuh Rodriguez-Nikl, Tomohiro Kobayashi, Michael G. Oesterle, Shengrui Lan, Kenneth B. Morrill, Gilbert A. Hegemier, Frieder Seible

Effect of Arching on Passive Earth Pressure for Rigid Retaining Walls Considering Translation Mode ............... 2784Abhijit Roy, Nihar Ranjan Patra

Evaluation of Capacity Spectrum Method for Estimate of Seismic Performance in Buckling - Restrained Braced Frame ............................................................................................................................................... 2794

Mostafa Share, Mansour Ghalehnovi, Naser Shabakhti

Evaluation of Missing Column Analyses in Progressive Collapse Design Codes........................................................ 2804Jennifer Righman McConnell, Houston Aaron Brown

Inelastic Behavior of Structural Steels Under Cyclic Biaxial Nonproportional Loading .......................................... 2814I. H. P. Mamaghani

Interface Shear Transfer of Diagonally Arranged Reinforcing Bars under Repeated Loading ............................... 2819Kosuke Takahashi, Hiroaki Kitoh, Hisao Tsunokake, Hajime Ohuchi

Long-Span Truss Structures for Low-Vibration Environments.................................................................................. 2829Ning Tang, Hal Amick, Michael Gendreau

Probabilistic Approach to Progressive Collapse Prevention. Physics based Simulations.......................................... 2836Stefan Szyniszewski

Role of Ground Motion Selection Method in Collapse Capacity Assessment of Structures ...................................... 2844Behrouz Shafei, Farzin Zareian

Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Precast-Prestressed Flooring System .......................... 2853Brian H. H. Peng, Richard Fenwick, Rajesh Dhakal, Athol Carr

Seismic Retrofit of Large-scale Reinforced Concrete Columns by Prestressed High-strength Metal Strips................................................................................................................................................................................. 2863

Hasan A. Moghaddam, Maysam Samadi

Simulation of Combination of Snow and Earthquake Hazards................................................................................... 2873YueJun Yin, Yue Li, William M. Bulleit

Trading Places: An International Exchange Program for Engineers from the United States and Denmark ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2879

Ken Maschke, Joseph Shields, Chris Kahanek, Lee Ishida, Joseph Thomas

Wind Loads on Patio Covers .......................................................................................................................................... 2889Ioannis Zisis, Ted Stathopoulos

Author Index