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STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example...

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STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHAN By Irda Safni Kuliah ke-11
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Page 1: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHAN

By Irda Safni Kuliah ke-11

Page 2: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

StrukturVirus

• Size range –

– most <0.2 μm; requires electron microscope

Page 3: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

StrukturVirus

(Baker et al.)

Karakteristik skala ukuran adalah 30-100 nm.

Susunannya sangat simetris

Page 4: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Viruses

Page 5: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)
Page 6: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Susunan Partikel Virus

•mengandung DNA atau RNA

•membentuk paket pelindung

•mengirmkan bahan genetika

•Masuk, bereplikasi, keluar

dari inangnya

•Langsung menjadi mesin sel

inangnya

E. coliStreptococcus

Yeast Cell

Page 7: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)
Page 8: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Istilah Komponen Virus

Kapsid: kulit luar protein yang melingkupi asam nukleat

Kapsomer: unit morfologi yang dilihat daripermukaan partikel dan mewakili klaster unitstruktur

Nukleokapsid (core): asam nukleat virus yangdibungkus oleh pelindung kapsid protein

Amplop (envelope/viral membrane): zat lemakberlapis yang mengandung glikoprotein virus. Tidaksemua virus memiliki amplop, beberapa virushanya terdiri dari nuklekapsid.

Virion : partikel lengkap partikel virus

Page 9: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Struktur Virus

1. Mengandung DNA atau RNA

2. Mengandung pelindung protein (kapsid)

3. Reseptor – pada kapsid yang

menentukan sel apa yang dapat diinfeksi

dan bagaimana virus menginfeksi sel

Page 10: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Struktur Virus

Inner core nucleic acid

Mengandung bahan genetika (DNA atau RNA)

Outer core nucleic acid

mengelilingi virus (Kapsid)

mengadung reseptor

Page 11: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Struktur virus yang tidak dijumpai pada setiap virus

Envelope• Mengelilingi beberapa virus

hewan

• Terbuat dari membran inang

Tail, end plate, tail fibres• Hanya pada Bacteriophage

Page 12: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Capsid & Envelope

Icosahedral Enveloped

Non-enveloped

Helical

Capsid:•Protect viral nucleic acid

•Interact with the nucleic acid for

packaging

•Interact with vector for specific

transmission

•Interact with host receptors for entry to cell and to release of nucleic acid

Envelope:

•Made from host cell

membrane (plasma, ERor Golgi)

•Fuse for Entry

Page 13: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Struktur Umum Virus

• Capsid

– Semua virus mempunyai kapsid - protein yang

melindungi asam nukleatnya.

– Setiap kapsid disusun dari subunit yang

identik, disebut Capsomer, yang tersusun dari

protein.

– Kapsid bersama dengan asam nukleat

disebut nucleoscapsid.

Page 14: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)
Page 15: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)
Page 16: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Fungsi Capsid:

1. Melindungi genom dari atmosfer (termasuk sinar UV yang

merusak, nucleases yang bocor atau disekresikan oleh sel).

2. Protein yang menempel pada virus dan berinteraksi dengan

reseptor untuk memulai infeksi.

3. Mengantar genom dalam bentuk infeksi.

Secara sederhana “membuang” genom ke sitoplasma

(kebanyakan virus +ssRNA) atau berfungsi sebagai inti

untuk replikasi (retrovirus dan rotavirus).

Capsid Virus

Page 17: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Capsid Virus

• Jika1 protein untuk1 capsid:

– Dibutuhkan > 18.000 asam amino.

– Dibutuhkan > 54.000 nukleotida.

– Virus kecil memiliki maksimum 5.000 nukleotida.

• Harus menggunakan banyak kopi dari 1 atau

beberapa protein.

• Sangat simetri

– Minimalisasi # interaksi subunit yang berbeda menyangkut penggabungan.

– Protein lebih sederhana.

– Penggabungan sendiri.

Page 18: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Bentuk Virus

Kira-kira ½ dari semua virus tumbuhan

yang telah diketahui berbentuk

memanjang (benang berputar atau

batang keras).

Kira-kira ½ dari semua virus tumbuhan

berbentuk bola (isometris atau

polyhedral).

Beberapa virus berbentuk basilus

silindris-menyerupai batang.

Page 19: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Bentuk Virus

• CUBIC (Icosahedral/polyhedral):

Spherical, amount of nucleic acid that

can be packaged is limited by the

number of capsomers and the size of

the viral particle

E.g. Papilloma virus

Page 20: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

• HELICAL:

Rod shaped, varying widths and specific

architectures; no theoretical limit to the

amount of nucleic acid that can be

packaged

Bentuk Virus

Page 21: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

• BACTERIOPHAGE

Polyhedral-shape head cylindrical

tail leglike fibres

Bentuk Virus

Page 22: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

• Susunan Icosahedral adalah struktur virus yang

khas

• Suatu cosahedron memiliki 20 sisi segitiga, 12

sudut, dan 5:3:2 axis simetri rotasi

Cubic (Icosahedral)

Page 23: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Helical

• Organized around a single axis (the “helix axis”)• Probably evolved along with other helical structures

likeDNA, -helix, etc.

• Allow flexibility (bending)• Helical viruses form a closely related spring like

helix instead. The best studied: TMV but many animal viruses and phage use this general arrangement.

– Note-all animal viruses that are helical are enveloped, unlike many of the phage and plant viruses.

• Most helixes are formed by a single major protein arranged with a constant relationship to each other (amplitude and pitch).

Page 24: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Helical symmetry

• Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example

• Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide

residues) and 2130 copies of the coat protein subunit (158 amino acid

residues; 17.3 kilodaltons)

– TMV protein subunits + nucleic acid will self-assemble in vitro in a

energy-independent fashion

• Self-assembly also occurs in the absence of RNA

TMV rod is 18 nm x 300 nm

Page 25: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Komposisi Utama Virus

1. Protein adalah 60-95% terdiri dari virion

Sama untuk setiap jenis virus tetapi bervariasi dari satu virus dgn virus lain Subunit TMV - 158 asam amino dgn massa 17,600 Dalton

(17.6 kDa, kd atau K)

TYMV – 20,600 Dalton protein

2. Asam nukleat adalah 5-40% virion• Sphererical viruses: 20-40%

• Helical viruses : 5-6%

Page 26: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Komposisi Utama Virus

Asam Nukleat (5-40%) mewakili bahan genetika, sangat diperlukan untuk replikasi

Asam Nukleat sendiri cukup untuk replikasi virus

Protein (60-95%) melindungi genom virus dari:

degradasi

Fasilitasi pergerakan melalui inang dan

transmisi dari satu inang ke inang lainnya.

Page 27: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Large ribosomal subunitSmall ribosomal subunit

Page 28: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Persentase protein pada beberapa virus

Persentase protein pada beberapa virus

Virus n/a (%) Protein (%)

TMV 5 95

PVX 6 94

PVY 5 95

CpMV 31-33 67-69

CMV 18 82

TRSV 40 60

Page 29: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Komposisi Tambahan Virus

Lemak

- Lemak virus berasal dari membran sel inang.

- Tersusun dari phospholipids (50 - 60%) dan sisanya lemak kolesterol.

- Lapisan ganda lemak dai membran sel inang mengelilingi virion dari

virus yang memiliki amplop juga memiliki protein virus dan glikoprotein,

seperti karakteristik duri dari beebrapa virus yang memiliki amplop.

- Komposisi virus secara keseluruhan dari virus yang memiliki amplop:

kira-kira 20 - 35% dari berat kering. Sisanya terbagi antara asam nukleat

dan protein.

Page 30: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Komposisi Tambahan Virus

Karbohidrat

- Karbohidrat virus hadir sebagai oligosakarida, rantai sisi dari

glycoproteins, glycolipids, dan mucopolysaccharide.

- Komposisi karbohidrat sesuai dengan komposisi karbohidrat

sel inang. Tetapi biasanya glycoproteins

Mempunyai sebuah untaian N– atau O- glycosidic .

- Karbohidrat virus biasanya dijumpai di amplop.

- Beberapa virus kompleks mengandung internal glycoproteins

atau glycosylated capsid proteins.

Page 31: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

BROME MOSAIC VIRUS

•Type member of the

Bromovirus genus, family

Bromoviridae

•Virions are nonenveloped

icosohedrals (T=3), 26 nm

in diameter, contain 22%

nucleic acid and 78% protein

•BMV genome is composed

of three positive sense RNAs

separately encapsidated

RNA1 RNA2 RNA3RNA4

Page 32: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Francki, Milne & Hatta. 1985 Atlas of Plant Viruses, vol. I.

Three-dimensional image of Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV)

reconstructed from EM

Page 33: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Tobacco mosaic virus

First virus crystallized (1946 Stanley wasawarded the Nobel prize).

First demonstration of infectious RNA(1950s).

First virus to be shown to consist of RNAand protein.

First virus characterized by X-raycrystallography to show a helical structure.

First virus genome to be completelysequenced.

Page 34: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), 300 nm

Potato virus Y (PVY), 740 nm

Page 35: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

Maize streak virus,

Geminiviridae

Cocoa swollen shoot virus,

Badnavirus

Page 36: STRUKTUR VIRUS TUMBUHANHelical symmetry • Tobacco mosaic virus is typical, well-studied example • Each particle contains only a single molecule of RNA (6395 nucleotide residues)

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