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Study Results
Southwest Firmed Resource Option
This slide deck contains results from the 2012 TEPPC Study Program related to the Southwest Firmed Resource Option Studies. The generation results for the associated transmission expansion projects follow immediately along with flow information for the added transmission.
Pumped Hydro FirmingModeling Goal
• Compare different Pumped hydro amounts in different wind conditions given various modeling techniques
• Compare path flows and production costs
Implementation StepsStart with 2022 PC23 NW Resource Option (+12,000 GWh)
1. Increase WECC annual energy demand 8%
2. Add 12,000 GWh of renewables to NW
3. Under the purview of the added generation in a particular region, investigate how a nearby region’s pumped hydro responds based on different types of modeling
4. Investigate how the changes listed above impact path flows
Pumped Hydro Modeling Options
Schedule and dispatch is optimized via independent LP
Any hour available for pumping/generating based on price signals (D)
Weeknight/weekend pumping, weekday generating
Must-run off (D) Must-run on
Dispatched against system cost curve before thermals in commitment pass 1 (D)
Dispatched based on LMP after prelim dispatch #2 of thermals
LP for Pumped HydroMinimize
Cost
Subject toEnergy conservation (observe input-output ratio)Reservoir levelsOperating capacities (min/max pumping and gen)
NOTE: resultant pumping/gen from each hour included in DC power flow solution as fixed/load load at bus.
Pumped Hydro Modeling Inputs
Input Data Unit
Cycle efficiency (output/input) %
Reservoir storage limit MW
Max pumping capacity MW
Max capacity of gen MW
Operating reserve y/n
Determines economic behavior
Currently we do not input fixed or operating O&M for pumped storage units
Add: 12,000 GWh to meet WECC RPS
Add transmission
Renewable Options Under High Load
Firmed Cases
Increase WECC-wide load 8%
1
2
4
For these regions
3 Add: firming resource
Gas
Hydro
Pumped storage
Increase WECC-wide load 8%1
2010 2022800,000
850,000
900,000
950,000
1,000,000
1,050,000
1,100,000
Western Interconnection Annual Energy (GWh)10-Year Study Comparison
Common Case LRS
An
nu
al E
ner
gy
(GW
h)
8%
8% increase to peak and energy
10%
10% decrease to energy
Higher Load = Additional RPS Energy
Calculate ratios of planned renewables in TEPPC 2022 Common Case • Do not include existing resources• Do not include DG• IRP and LRS data
Apply ratio to study build-out of 12,000 GWh• Concept: development trends are best representation of
what could be added to each state • More resources available than what is identified in WREZ• More granular information from CPUC/CAISO
Locate resources using WREZ peer-analysis tool
Extrapolation Method
Add 12,000 GWh to meet WECC RPS 2
10-Year Study ResultsPC28-1 Eldorado PSPC28-2 LEE PS
Pumped Hydro
Conventional Hydro
Pumped Storage
Steam - Coal
Steam - Other
Nuclear
Combined Cycle
Combustion Turbine
Cogeneration
IC
Negative Bus Load
Biomass RPS
Geothermal
Small Hydro RPS
Solar
Wind
(800,000) (600,000) (400,000) (200,000) 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000
Annual Energy Difference: 2022 PC20 Southwest vs. 2022 PC28-1 Eldorado PS
GWh
Production cost decreased $16 M (.1%)
Dump energy increase d 19GWh (5.7%)
Emergency Energy decreased .2%
CO2 Emissions decreased .05%
CA, WA, NV
Alberta
Arizon
a
British
Colu
mbia
Califo
rnia
Colora
do
Idah
o
Mex
ico
Mon
tana
Nevad
a
New M
exico
Orego
n
South
Dak
ota
Texas
Utah
Was
hingt
on
Wyo
ming
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
Annual Energy Difference: 2022 PC20 Southwest vs. 2022 PC28-1 Eldorado PS
Hydro+PS Steam - Boiler Combined Cycle Combustion Turbine
Cogeneration Renewable Other
GWh
18 324 630 936 1242154818542160246627723078338436903996430246084914522055265832613864446750705673627668797482808586
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
Eldorado PS
2 22 42 62 82 102122142162182202222242262282302322342362382402422442462482502522542562582602622642662682702722742
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
Eldorado PSAugust Only
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101106111116121126131136141146151156161166
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Eldorado PS + Bus LMP1st Week August
Pu
mp
ing
/Gen
(M
W)
LM
P (
$/M
Wh
)
9 351 693 10351377171920612403274530873429377141134455479751395481582361656507684971917533787582178559-$1,000,000
$0
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
$3,000,000
$4,000,000
$5,000,000
$6,000,000
$7,000,000
LMP ($/MWh) × Gen/Load (MW) = ($)
Assume purchase/sale of electricity at bus where plant is located
10-Year Study ResultsPC28-1 Eldorado PSPC28-2 LEE PS
Pumped Hydro
Conventional Hydro
Pumped Storage
Steam - Coal
Steam - Other
Nuclear
Combined Cycle
Combustion Turbine
Cogeneration
IC
Negative Bus Load
Biomass RPS
Geothermal
Small Hydro RPS
Solar
Wind
(1,000,000) (500,000) 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000
Annual Energy Difference: 2022 PC20 Southwest vs. 2022 PC28-2 LEE PS
GWh
Production cost decreased $27 M (.15%)
Dump energy increased 24 GWh (7%)
Emergency Energy decreased .1%
CO2 Emissions decreased 0.138%
AZ, NV, CA, WA
Alberta
Arizon
a
British
Colu
mbia
Califo
rnia
Colora
do
Idah
o
Mex
ico
Mon
tana
Nevad
a
New M
exico
Orego
n
South
Dak
ota
Texas
Utah
Was
hingt
on
Wyo
ming
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
Annual Energy Difference: 2022 PC20 Southwest vs. 2022 PC28-2 LEE PS
Hydro+PS Steam - Boiler Combined Cycle Combustion Turbine
Cogeneration Renewable Other
GWh
18 324 630 936 1242154818542160246627723078338436903996430246084914522055265832613864446750705673627668797482808586
-2500-2000-1500-1000-500
0500
1000150020002500
Longview Energy Exchange PS
2 22 42 62 82 102122142162182202222242262282302322342362382402422442462482502522542562582602622642662682702722742
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
LEE PSAugust Only
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101106111116121126131136141146151156161166
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
LEE PS + Bus LMP1st Week August
Pu
mp
ing
/Gen
(M
W)
LM
P (
$/M
Wh
)
9 351 693 10351377171920612403274530873429377141134455479751395481582361656507684971917533787582178559-$1,000,000
$0
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
$3,000,000
$4,000,000
$5,000,000
$6,000,000
LMP ($/MWh) × Gen/Load (MW) = ($)
Questions or thoughts on this study?