OLR (1981) 28 (10)

D. SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS

739

DI0. Apparatus and methods

81:5484 Acheson, C.H., 1981. Time-depth and velocity-depth

relations in sedimentary basins--a study based on current investigation in the Arctic islands and an interpretation of experience elsewhere. Geophys- ics, 46(5):707-716.

Velocity-depth data from western Canada and the Arctic islands suggest that sediment P-wave velocities comply with a formulation of the more general one-sixth power law relating velocity and effective stress. Possible global geophysical appli- cations for this system of equations are considered. Panarctic Oils Ltd., P.O. Box 190, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 2H6. (bas)

81:5485 Askin, R.W. and R.G.D. Davidson-Arnott, 1981.

Micro-erosion meter modified for use under water. Mar. Geol., 40(3/4):M45-M48. Dept. of Geogr., Univ of Guelph, Ont. N I G 2W1, Canada.

81:5486 Huntley, D.J. and A.G. Wintle, 1981. The use of

alpha scintillation counting for measuring Th-230 and Pa-231 contents of ocean sediments. Can. J. Earth Sci., 18(3):419-432.

This double delay coincidence counting system is notable for its simplicity and the small amount of sample required (.~0.4 g). Good agreement was obtained between measured and counted contents; still greater accuracy would be obtained by counting over a larger area (in this study the sample was spread on a disc 13.8 cm 2 in area). Physics Dept., Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1 $6. (sir)

81:5487 Ikeya, Motoji and Kazuo Ohmura, 1981. Dating of

fossil shells with electron spin resonance. J. Geol., 89(2):247-251. Technical College, Yamaguchi Univ., Ube, Yamaguchi 755, Japan.

D40. Area studies, surveys, bathymetry

81:5488 Chevallier, Luc and Jacques Nougier, 1981. First

voicano-strnctural study of Possession Island,

Crozet Group, southern Indian Ocean. C. r. hebd. S~anc. Acad. Sci., Paris, (S6r. 11)292(3):363-368. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Geol., 33, rue Louis-Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France.

81:5489 Mabesoone, J.M., B.B. de Brito Neves and A.N. Sial

(eds.), 1981. The geology of Brazil. Special issue. Earth-Sci. Rev., 17(1/2):219pp; 10 papers.

A 30-page outline of Brazil's geology introduces this issue devoted to review papers which underscore the recent rapid progress of the country's geological studies. Topics include Phaner0zoic platform sed- imentary sequences, the continental margin, and the geological link between Brazil and Africa. (hbf)

81:5490 Malod, J.-A. and Gilbert Boillot (eds.), 1980. [Cyana

Expedition 9-22 July 1979: Bay of Biscay,] Pubis Cent. natn. Exploit. Oceans, CNEXO, R~sult. Campgn. Mer, 20:79pp. (In French, English abstract.)

Based on geological sections, bottom photos and rock samples, the structure and stratigraphy of the northern Spanish continental margin are attributed to an Early Cenozoic compression of the basement and sedimentary cover followed by episodes of normal and transcurrent faulting. Includes numer- ous micrographs and bottom photos. (izs)

81:5491 Martins, L.R. and P.N. Coutinho, 1981. The

Brazilian continental margin. Earth-Sci. Rev., 17(1/2):87-107.

Described are the stable, Atlantic-type continental margin's 6 physiographic provinces and distinctive morphological and structural features. Surface sed- iments are characterized and assets of economic importance are noted. Inst. Geociencias, Univ. Fed. do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. (hbf)

81:5492 Whittington, R.J., P.F. Croker and M.R. Dobson,

1981. Aspects of the geology of the south Irish Sea. Geol. J., 16(1):85-88.

Recent shallow seismic survey results are combined with deep seismic and borehole data to construct a revised pre-Pleistocene map of the south Irish Sea showing the location of Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic rocks and the offshore extension of the Bala Fault. Geology Dept., Univ. College of Wales, Aberystwyth, U.K. (hbf)

740 D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics OL R ( 1981 ) 28 (10)

D70. Coasts, beaches, marshes

81:5493 Breeding, J.E. Jr., 1981. Hydrons and alongshore

migrating undulating beach forms. J. Geol., 89(2):260-265.

An hypothesis is presented in which undulating beach forms occur due to refraction of water waves. The water wave energy flux is determined on the basis of the refraction of wave packets (hydrons), which are assumed to move with a defined geometric group velocity. Dept. of Oceanogr. and Ocean Eng., Florida Inst. of Tech., Melbourne, Fla. 32901, USA. (smf)

81:5494 Letzsch, W.S. and R.W. Frey, 1980. Erosion of salt

marsh tidal creek banks, Sapelo Island, Georgia. Senckenberg. marit., 12(5/6):201-212. Dept. of Agronomy, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602, USA.

81:5495 Sallenger, A.H. Jr., 1981. Swash mark and grain flow.

J. sedim. Petrology, 51(1):261-264. USGS, Menlo Park, Calif. 94025, USA.

81:5496 Vincent, C.L. and W.D. Corson, 1981. Geometry of

tidal inlets: empirical equations. J. WatWay Port coast. Ocean Div., Am. Soc. civ. Engrs, 107 (WW1):I-9.

The geometry of tidal inlet ebb shoal, main channel and cross section is investigated. Formulae inter- relating depths, length, and area parameters show a high degree of coherence in inlet geometry, with the cross-sectional area of the inlet a fundamental parameter. Coastal Engrg. Res. Center, Kingman Bldg., Fort Belvoir, Va. 22060, USA.

81:5497 Ward, L.G., 1981. Suspended-material transport in

marsh tidal channels, Kiawah Island, South Carolina. Mar. Geol., 40(1/2): 139-154.

Fluxes of suspended material, current velocity and discharge were measured over 15 tidal cycles in March and 8 tidal cycles in July-August 1977. Tidal and seasonal variabilities in sediment transport are related to biological activity, storm events, and tidal prisms. The net export of suspended material is attributed to the 'time-velocity asymmetry of tidal currents.' Horn Point Environ. Lab., Univ. of Maryland, Box 775, Cambridge, Md. 21613, USA. (mjj)

81:5498 Yeo, R.K. and M.J. Risk, 1981. The sedimentology,

stratigraphy, and preservation of intertidal depos- its in the Minas Basin system, Bay of Fundy. J. sedim. Petrology, 51(1):245-260.

Influences of tidal zonation types (3) on modern major intertidal sediment facies (6) are discussed as they relate to the interpretation of Minas Basin Holocene stratigraphic units and fossil indicators. Dept. of Geol., Rice Univ., Houston, Texas 77001, USA. (sir)

D120. Sedimentary processes (deposition, diagenesis, etc.)

81:5499 Avoine, J., G.P. Allen, M. Nichols, J.C. Salomon

and C. Larsonneur, 1981. Suspended-sediment transport in the Seine Estuary, France: effect of man-made modifications on estuary-shelf sedi- mentology. Mar. Geol., 40(1/2):119-137.

Due to 130 years of landfill, marsh reclamation (filling), jettying and dredging, the formerly shallow, meandering estuary with broad tidal flats which served as a sink for fluvial and marine sediment has been transformed into a deep, narrow channel emptying directly into the sea and serving as a source of fluvial sediment. Effects on river discharge, ebb flow, salt water intrusion, turbidity, sediment transport, river flow dilution, and the size of shelf mud zones off the estuary's mouth are discussed. Lab. de Geol. Mar., Univ. de Caen, 14032 Caen, France. (mjj)

81:5500 Boon, J.D. III and R.J. Byrne, 1981. On basin

hypsometry and the morphodynamic response of coastal inlet systems. Mar. Geol., 40(1/2):2%48.

Strahler's hypsometric (distribution of surface area with height) formula is modified for use in the numerical simulation of tidal hydraulics in a slowly- filling basin-inlet system. Basin hypsometry and channel configuration are demonstrated to be the major factors contributing to flood or ebb tide dominance; a consistent imbalance between peak ebb and flood flows induced by areal morphology is a plausible mechanism for long-term net sediment transport. Virginia Inst. of Mar. Sci., Gloucester Point, Va. 23062, USA. (sir)

81:5501 Cart, A.P., 1981. Evidence for the sediment circu-

lation along the coast of East Anglbu Mar. Geol., 40(3/4):M9-M22.

0 L R ( 1981 ) 28 (10) D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics 741

Two opposing views on the source area for sedi- ments in the 'nesses' of East Anglia are examined. Although neither McCave's (1978) view (based on size analyses and budget considerations) that the nesses are sites where sediment is lost from the foreshore nor Robinson's (1966, 1980) hypothesis that material from offshore is transported into the nesses by residual currents is proven, the former view is favored. Inst. of Oceanogr. Sci., Crossway, Taunton TAI 2DW, UK. (hbf)

81:5502 Castaing, Patrice and G.P. Allen, 1981. Mechanisms

controlling seaward escape of suspended sediment from the Gironde: a macrotidai estuary in France. Mar. Geol., 40(I/2):101-118.

Unlike micro- or meso-tidal estuaries, the macrotidal Gironde has a high sedimentation rate and loses much sediment to the sea. Seaward sediment escape is controlled by river flow and tides, following both a 14-day neap-spring tidal cycle and a seasonal river flow cycle. Interactions of tidal and hydrodynamic processes are discussed and shelf sediment transport, mixing, and deposition are described. Lab. d'Oceanog., Univ. de Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence, France. (mjj)

81:5503 Damuth, J.E. and R.W. Embley, 1981. Mass-

transport processes on the Amazon Cone: western equatorial Atlantic. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Bull., 65(4):629-643.

Re-examination of high-frequency echograms and cores has shown ~ 10% of the upper to middle cone to be covered by 3 large mass-transport deposits. It is suggested that mass transport may be an important sedimentation process in the development of large deep-sea fans. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Observ., Pal- isades, N.Y. 10964, USA. (ahm)

81:5504 d'Anglejan, B., R.G. Ingram and J.P. Savard, 1981.

Suspended-sediment exchanges between the St. Lawrence Estuary and a coastal embayment. Mar. Geol., 40(1/2):85-100.

Illustrated is the influence of a relatively small marginal component (Baie de Ste. Anne, acting as a temporary sediment trap) on a major estuary. Turbidity intensifies in two steps within the bay, facilitating downstream sediment load transport during ebb; slight tidal phase differences influence the temporary entrapment and exchanges. Mar. Sci. Centre, McGill Univ., Montreal H3A 2T8, Canada. (ahm)

81:5505 Forde, E.B., D.J. Stanley, W.B. Sawyer and K.J.

Slagle, 1981. Sediment transport in Washington and Norfolk submarine canyons. Appl. Ocean Res., 3(2):59-62.

Indic~.ti0ns are that both canyons, previously con- sidei[d inactive, have periodically acted as sediment conduits (sediment originating on adjacent shelf and upper slope) during Holocene to Recent times. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorol. Labs., NOAA, Miami, Fla. 33149, USA. (ahm)

81:5506 Gallivan, L.B. and R.A. Davis Jr., 1981. Sediment

transport in a microtidal estuary: Matanzas River, Florida (U.S.A.). Mar. Geol., 40(1/2):69-83.

Dyed sediment tracers introduced at 3 intertidal locations were used to determine transport rates and patterns of the 'distinctly bimodal sediment' (quartz and shell hash). When combined with inlet hydrau- lics information, results showed seaward transport dominated the channels while landward transport prevailed over the shoals. Mobil Oil Co., Denver, Colo., USA. (ahm)

81:5507 Got, H. et al., 1981. Sedimentation on the Ionian

active margin (Hellenic Arc)--provenance of sediments and mechanisms of deposition. Sedim. Geol., 78(4):243-272.

The highly irregular distribution of the sediment cover, typical of the entire Plio-Quaternary se- quence, results from gravitative sedimentary processes which produce a cascading system spasmodically transporting deposits downslope from the tectonically controlled slope basins via channels and canyons toward deeper basins and trenches. The prevalence of reworked materials and gravitative processes appears characteristic of the subductive sedimentary environment. Centre de Recherches de Sedimentologie Marine, Univ., Perpignan, France. (hbf)

81:5508 Luthi, Stefan, 1981. Experiments on non-channelized

turbidity currents and their deposits. Mar. Geol., 40(3/4)-M59-M68.

Large-scale experiments show that a wide flow opening angle forms; the current dilutes rapidly with distance. Deposit thickness decreases radially from the source, resulting in tongue-shaped isopachs. Mean grain diameter decreases with distance; sorting improves. Experiments are in good agree- ment with classical turbidite models. Sieber, Cassina

742 D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics OLR (1981) 28 (10)

& Moser, Consulting Engineers and Geologists, Delphinstrasse 5, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.

81:5509 Mitchell-Tapping, H.J., 1981. Particle breakdown of

recent carbonate sediment in coral reefs, Fla Scient., 44(1):21-29.

Particle modes appear to be controlled by the sorting potential of wave energy and not by coral skeletal microstructure as proposed by the Sorby principle. Amoco Production Co., New Orleans, La. 70150, USA. (smf)

81:5510 Officer, C.B., 1981. Physical dynamics of estuarine

suspended sediments. Mar. Geol., 40(1/2):1-14.

Dynamics of suspended sediment distributions, transport, erosion and deposition are reviewed; near-bottom processes, net circulation and tidal effects, and plumes and fronts are discussed. Em- phasis is placed on several items not yet fully understood or quantitatively described. Earth Sci. Dept., Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H. 03755, USA.

81:5511 Postma, H., 1981. Exchange of materials between the

North Sea and the Wadden Sea. Mar. Geol., 40(1/2):199-213.

Distribution and transport paths of particulate matter in the southern North Sea and the Wadden Sea as well as processes of accumulation of suspended material in the latter are reviewed. Transport direction, sites of active deposition, influence of a salt maximum, water movement and nutrient cycles must be simultaneously considered to effect a better understanding of sediment transport and exchange in a coupled marine-estuarine system. Netherlands Inst. for Sea Res., Texel, Netherlands. (bwt)

81:5512 Vittori, Jacques et al., 1980. Sedimentation in the

trenches of the western Hellenic Arc. Bull. Soc. gdol. Fr., (7)22(5):707-711. (In French, English abstract.) Centre de Rech. de Sediment. mar., Univ. de Perpignan, France.

D130. Sediments (rocks, formations, type, composi t ion, etc.)

81:5513 Baliga, B.R. and R.T. Hudspeth, 1981. Evaluation of

sand waves in an estuary. J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. civ. Engrs, 107(HY2):161-178.

Significant savings in estimating dredging impacts on estuarine ecosystems are realized through simple spectral analysis of sand wave migration and utilization of the Bella-Williamson sediment turn- over-organic content dissection plane method. Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oreg. 97331, USA. (izs)

8h5514 Bennett, R,H., W.R. Bryant and G.H. Keller, 1981.

Clay fabric of selected submarine sediments: fundamental properties and models. J. sedim. Petrology, 51(1):217-231.

The fabric (orientation and spatial distribution) of clay particles in selected Mississippi Delta sediments and an eastern equatorial Pacific red clay is related to void ratio and burial depth. Clay fabric models for undisturbed sediments are proposed. NOAA, 15 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fla. 33149, USA. (bwt)

81:5515 Bogdanov, Yu.A., Ye.G. Gurvich and A.P. Lisitsyn,

1980. A model for the accumulation of amorphous silica in Pacific sediments. Geochem. int. (a translation of Geokhimiya), 17(1):51-56.

The ratio of amorphous silica to organic carbon in sediments correlates with pelagic productivity. This model describes amorphous silica accumulation on open ocean floors with no sediment redeposition. Inst. of Oceanology, Acad. of Sci. of the USSR, Moscow, USSR. (ahm)

81:5516 Bothner, M.H., E.C. Spiker, P.P= Johnson, R.R.

Rendigs and P.J. Aruscavage, 198 I. Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England. J. sedim. Petrology, 51(i):281-292.

Radioisotope and trace-metal data indicate that this feature (the 'Mud Patch') is a large modern sediment deposition site with continuing, though decreasing, deposition of fine-grained sediment; sediment levels of 2t°Pb and stable Pb were higher than expected. The Mud Patch should be included in studies monitoring effects of exploration of Georges Bank, its probable sediment source. USGS, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (ahm)

81:5517 Brush, G.S. and R.S. DeFries, 1981. Spatial distri-

butions of pollen in surface sediments of the

OLR (1981) 28 (10) D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics 743

Potomac Estuary. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(2):295- 309.

Between Alexandria (Virginia) and Point Lookout (Maryland), the pollen (139 sites) was representative of the trees marginal to the estuary and reflected major forest gradients. Dispersion prior to initial deposition appeared limited. Dept. of Geogr. and Env. Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. 21218, USA. (hbf)

81:5518 Chakrabarti, Amitabha, 1980. Influence of biogenic

activity of ghost crabs on the size parameters of beach sediments. Senckenberg. marit., 12(5/6): 183-199. Dept. of Geol. and Geophys., Indian Inst. of Tech., Kharagpur-2, W.B, India.

81:5519 Essen, H.-H., H. Janle, F. Schirmer and J. Siebert,

1981. Propagation of surface waves in marine sediments. J. Geophys. (Z. Geophys.), 49(2):115- 122.

A model representing vertically and horizontally averaged shear velocities has l m of water overlying 3 layers of sediments 3 m (75 ms-~), 15 m (150 ms ~) and ~ (250 ms -~) thick; results agree well with those of Hamilton et al. (1970, 1976). Inst. fur Geophysik, Univ. Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG. (bas)

81:5520 Faugeres, J.C., E. Gonthier, F. Grousset and J.

Poutiers, 1981. The Feni Drift: the importance and meaning of slump deposits on the eastern slope of the Rockall Bank. Mar. Geol., 40 (3/4):M49-M57.

Sedimentary facies of cores confirm the existence of episodic slumps during the last Glacial and early Post-Glacial periods. They are sandwiched between turbidites in places where the drift lies against the slope and so is acted upon by continental-rise sedimentary processes. Sea level rise with melting ice seems to favor gravity flow release. Univ. de Bordeaux I, Ave. des Facuttes, 33405 Talence, France.

81:5521 Lipkina, M.I. and E.L. Shkolnik, 1981. Phosphorites

from the underwater Chentsov Volcano in the Japan Sea. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 257(1): 217-222. (In Russian.)

81:5522 Rao, C.P., 1981. Cementation in cold-water bryozoan

sand, Tasmania, Australia. Mar. Geol., 40(3/4): M23-M33.

Results of initial studies on these cold-water (,(3 °- l l°C) carbonates indicate marked differences from warm-water forms in mineralogy, geochemistry and diagenesis. Careful collection and immediate sample analysis are required to forestall alterations in the low-temperature metastable CaCO 3 phases. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Aus- tralia. (slr)

81:5523 Sangrey, D.A. and H.J. Knebel, 1981. Geotechnical

studies in the Baltimore Canyon Trough area. J. Petrol. Technol., 33(4):576-584.

Lab tests on 20 vibracores from 17 OCS stations form the basis for a site evaluation of geological hazards to exploration drilling. The sands, clays and silty clays were found to be similar to terrestrial soils on the adjacent shore. Shallow sampling depths (35-70 m) make deep water extrapolations ques- tionable. Carnegie-Mellon U., Pittsburgh, Penn., USA. (hbf)

81: 5524 Stanley, D.J., Harrison Sheng, D.N. Lambert, P.A.

Rona, D.W. McGrail and J.S. Jenkyns, 1981. Current-influenced depositional provinces, con- tinental margin off Cape Hatteras, identified by a petrologic method. Mar. Geol., 40(3/4):215-235.

Petrographic analyses of 30 cores collected along 80 km of the continental margin (1000 to ~2500 m depth) were used to evaluate the long-term effects of the bottom current flow system and active sedi- mentation processes as well as to define 4 depositional provinces. Results agree well with previous work on suspended-sediment plumes, water mass flow and current-velocity profiles. The Gulf Stream, the south-flowing and slope currents, the Western Boundary Undercurrent, and bioturbation are all reflected in the complex sediment distribution pattern. Includes bottom photos. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C. 20560, USA. (hbf)

81:5525 Twichell, D.C., C.E. McClennen and Bradford

Butman, 1981. Morphology and processes asso- ciated with the accumulation of the fine-grained sediment deposit on the southern New England shelf. J. sedim. Petrology, 51(1):269-280.

Geophysical and hydrographic surveys showed that the shelf fine-grained sediment (up to 13 m thick) has accumulated, though at a decreasing rate, since the last transgression (probably from Nantucket Shoals and Georges Bank) in this 'comparatively tranquil environment,' one of only two such modern deposition areas on the entire eastern U.S. shelf. USGS, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (ahm)

744 D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics OLR ( 1981 ) 28 (10)

81:5526 Valenzuela A., Eduardo and Eduardo Reyes F.,

1980. [Recent sedimentation on the Valparaiso shelf, Chile.] Revta Biol. mar., Univ. Chile, 17(1):149-169. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Dept. of Geol., Univ. de Chile, Casilla 13518, Santiago, Chile.

DI70. Historical geology, stratigraphy 81:5527

Barron, E.J., S.L. Thompson and S.H. Schneider, 1981. An ice-free Cretaceous? Results from climate model simulations. Science, 212(4494): 501-509.

A climate model based on zonal energy balance is used to investigate possible mechanisms for pro- ducing the warm, ice-free climate ascribed to the mid-Cretaceous. Although changes in geography affect climate, additional feedback mechanisms, such as cloud cover and meridional heat transport changes, are required to simulate nominal Cretaceous temperatures. It is suggested, therefore, that the data and associated inferences--cooler Cretaceous equatorial SST combined with above- freezing polar temperatures--be reexamined. NCAR, Boulder, Colo. 80307, USA. (hbf)

81:5528 Blake, Weston Jr. (comment) and G.S. Boulton

(reply), 1981. Glacial history of Svalbard and the problem of the Barents Shelf Ice Sheet: com- ments. Boreas, 10(1):125-131.

81:5529 Blazhchishin, A.I. and E.M. Emelyanov, 1981.

Absolute masses of Holocene sediments in the Atlantic Ocean. (Asymmetry noted between the North and South Atlantic and between regions east and west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.) Okeanologiia, 21(1):84-88. (In Russian, English abstract.)

81:5530 Boulton, G.S., P.N. Chroston and Jack Jarvis, 1981.

A marine seismic study of Late Quaternary sedimentation and inferred glacier fluctuations along western Inverness-shire, Scotland. Boreas, 10(1):39-51. School of Environ. Sci., Norwich NR 4 7TJ, England.

81:5531 Chamley, Herv~, Pierre Debrabant, Janine Foulon

and Philippe Leroy, 1980. Meso- and Cenozoic history of North Atlantic margins expressed by

sedimentary mineralogy and geochemistry (Sites 105 and 367 DSDP: Cape Hatteras and Cape Verde basins). Bull. Soc. g~ol. Fr., (7)22(5):745- 755. (In French, English abstract.) Sediment. et geochimie, ~RA 764, Univ. de Lille I, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq., France.

81:5532 Clark, D.L., J.A. Kitchell (comment) and S. Gartner

(reply), 1981. Discussion. Terminal Cretaceous extinctions and the Arctic spillover model. Sci- ence, 212(4494):577-578.

81:5533 Crowley, T.J., 1981. Temperature and circulation

changes in the eastern North Atlantic during the last 150,000 years: evidence from the planktonic foraminiferal record. Mar. Micropaleont., 6(2): 97-129.

Among the findings are: (1) unchanged faunal abundances and SST in the southern Sargasso Sea; (2) to the NW (30°-40°N), stable SST (within 2-3°C) and large faunal variation; (3) a large W-E gradient of decreasing SST in the north (40°~5°N) 80,000-120,000 yr BP; and (4) inferred velocity increases of the North Atlantic Current accompa- nied all 7 major polar advances, associated with stable or rising SST. Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Missouri, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Mo. 63121, USA. (sir)

81:5534 De Vries, T.J. and Hans Schrader, 1981. Variation of

upwelling/oceanic conditions during the latest Pleistocene through Hulocene off the central Peruvian coast: a diatom record. Mar. Micro- paleont., 6(2): 157-167.

Diatom accumulation rates proved good indicators of conditions on Peru's upper continental slope; tropical, subtropical and mixed assemblages varying- ly dominate the sedimentary record. Hypotheses are offered for the anomalous occurrence of warm-water species during times of widespread cooling. Inst. of Polar Studies, Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. (sir)

81:5535 England, John, R.S. Bradley and Robert Stucken-

rath, 1981. Multiple glaciations and marine transgressions, western Kennedy Channel, North- west Territories, Canada. Boreas, 10(1):71-89. Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H4, Canada.

81:5536 Fillon, R.H., G.H. Miller and J.T. Andrews, 1981.

OLR (1981) 28 (10) D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics 745

Terrigenous sand in Labrador Sea hemipelagic sediments and paleoglacial events on Baffin Island over the last 100,000 years. Boreas, 10(1): 107-124.

Two independently determined data sets--a suite of deep Labrador Sea cores, and th~ sequence of glacigenic and raised marine sediments on Baffin Island's east coast--were evaluated for 'local cor- respondence between sand content of Labrador Sea sediments and high latitude glacial and non-glacial events on Baffin Island.' Labrador Sea and central- subpolar North Atlantic sand input histories over the last 80,000 years appear reciprocally related. Wis- consinan glacier expansion and recession, North Atlantic circulation, movement and melting of icebergs, and ocean-glacier responses are considered. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, N.S., Can- ada B2Y 4A2. (hbf)

81:5537 Gu~rin, Sandrine and Michel Moullade, 1980. Albian

benthic foraminiferid assemblages from the North Atlantic Ocean (8 DSDP Legs). Bull. Soc. gdol. Fr., (7)22(5):771-777. (In French, English ab- stract.) Centre de Rech. Micropal., Univ. de Nice, 06034 Nice Cedex, France.

81:5538 Haake, F.-W., 1980. Sedimentology and faunistics of

tidal flats in Taiwan. III. Micropalaeontologlcal investigations. Senckenberg. marit., 12(5/6):247- 255. (In German, English abstract.) Geol. Palaont. Inst., Univ. Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40/60, D-2300, Kiel, F.R.G.

81:5539 Hendey, Q.B., 1981. Geological succession at

Langebaanweg, Cape Province, and global events of the Late Tertiary. S. Aft. J. Sci., 77(1):33-38.

Fossil contents enabled reinterpretation of the deposits and correlation with global sea-level cycles. The Langebaanweg area may provide a basis for interpreting other Late Tertiary deposits of coastal southern Africa. South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. (hbf)

81:5540 Keller, Gerta, 1980. Early to Middle Miocene

planktonic foraminiferai datum levels of the equatorial and subtropical Pacific. Micropaleonto- Iogy, 26(4):372-391.

While indirect dating of ~35 Pacific datum levels via paleomagnetic calibration of foraminiferan and radiolarian datum levels yielded Middle Miocene relative ages in close agreement with those of

previous studies, Early Miocene relative ages dif- fered widely. Several Early Miocene dissolution intervals are identified as constituting an 'important marker horizon for regional biostratigraphic cor- relations.' Stanford Univ., Dept. of Geol., Stanford, Calif. 94305, USA. (izs)

81:5541 LaBrecque, J.L. and Peter Barker, 1981. The age of

the Weddell Basin. Nature, Lond., 290(5806): 489-492.

A pre-Late Jurassic to Cretaceous age is determined for an area of the Weddell Sea (60°-73°S, 5°-35°W) based on two data sets including fracture zone trends, lineated magnetic anomalies, and crustal depth and heat flux. The age and origin data are tied into Gondwanaland reconstruction problems. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Observ., Columbia Univ., Palisades, N.Y. 10964, USA. (has)

81:5542 Lange, D. and B. Wulff, 1980. [Diatoms in a

sediment core from the western Arkona Basin.] Beitr. Meeresk., 44/45:75-88. (In German, Eng- lish abstract.) Inst. fur Meereskunde der AdW der DDR, DDR-2530 Rostock-Warnemunde, DRG.

81:5543 Latouche, Claude and No~le Maillet, 1980. Clay

minerals and sedimentary evolution of the North- Atlantic Province during the Paleogene. Bull. Soc. gdol. Fr., (7)22(5):757-761. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. de Geol. du Bassin d'Aquitaine, Univ. de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France.

81:5544 Maillot, Henri and Christian Robert, 1980. Min-

eralogy and geochemistry of Cretaceous and Cenozoic sediments in the southern Atlantic Ocean (African margin, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Bull. Soc. gdol. Fr., (7)22(5):779-789. (In French, English abstract.)

Smectite fluctuations reflect Tertiary climatic cooling. Geographical distribution of the clay min- erals and variations in Mn concentration seem related to water masses and the current systems. Variations in Sr content enable reconstruction of CCD evolution. Lab. de Sediment. et Geochim., ERA CURS, No. 764, Univ. de Lille I, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.

81:5545 Maurrasse, F.J.-M.R. (comment), R.K. Matthews

and R.Z. Poore (reply), 1981. Forum. Tertiary

746 D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics OLR (198 I) 28 (10)

61so record and glaeio-eustatic sea-level fluctu- ations. Geology, geol. Soc. Am., 9(5):p.194.

81:5546 Meco, Joaquin and C.E. Stearns, 1981. Emergent

littoral deposits in the eastern Canary Islands. Quat. Res., 15(2):199-208. Las Palmas Museo Canario, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

81:5547 Mullineaux, L.S. and G.P. Lohmann, 1981. Late

Quaternary stagnations and recirculation of the eastern Mediterranean: changes in the deep water recorded by fossil benthic Foraminifera. J. foram. Res., 11(1):20-39.

The eastern Mediterranean basins, with their shallow connecting straits, are subject to density stratifi- cation-induced stagnation and deposition of sapropels. Five faunal successions are observed with increasing stagnation; a reverse repopulation occurs as circulation improves. The core studied indicates a slower stagnation/recirculation process ( > 10,000 yr) than the sapropel deposition period (several Kyr) alone represents. Includes a systematic index and 51 micrographs. Pomona College, Claremont, Calif. 91711, USA. (sir)

81:5548 Pedley, H.M., 1981. Sedimentology and palaeo-

environment of the southeast Sicilian Tertiary platform carbonates. Sedim. Geol., 28(4):273-291.

The distribution and palaeoenvironment represented by Oligocene-Upper Miocene shelf and shelf-slope carbonates are described. A deeper-water planktonic facies is found to the west; inner shelf carbonates (coralline algal limestones and calcarenites) and some volcanics occur to the east. One new formation and four new members are proposed. Geology Div., Polytechnic of North London, London N7 8DB, Great Britain. (hbf)

81:5549 Rabussier-Lointier, Dominique, 1980. Early Miocene

paleoclimatic reconstruction: oxygen and carbon isotopic data on planktonic Foraminifera. Bull. Soc. g~ol. Fr., (7)22(5):731-734. (In French, English abstract.) Lab de geol. dynam., Univ. P.-et-M.-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France.

81:5550 Ruddiman, W.F., B. Molfino, A. Esmay and E.

Pokras, 1980. Evidence bearing on the mechanism of rapid deglaciation. Clim. Change, 3(1):65-87.

The very abrupt glacial/interglacial warming at 127,000 yr BP, implied by the foraminiferal content

of 6 NE Atlantic cores, is investigated with respect to the effect of bioturbation on the sediment record. The deglaciation is considered 'insolation-driven' with an extensive winter sea-ice cover contributory. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Obs., Palisades, N.Y. 10964, USA. (izs)

81:5551 Sittler, Claude et al., 1980. Organic matter off the

West African margin during the Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary (Leg 40 and 41): optical aspects and interpretation. Bull. Soc. gdol. Fr., (7)22(5):763-769. (In French, English abstract.) Centre de Sediment. et Geochimie de la surface, CNRS 1, rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.

81:5552 Smellie, J.L., 1981. A complete arc-trench system

recognized in Gondwana sequences of the Ant- arctic Peninsula region. Geol. Mag., 118(2):139- 159.

Strato-tectonic units (Late Triassic to Early Jurassic) of the Antarctic Peninsula basement prior to Gondwanian orogeny are identified and described; relations suggest the existence of a Carboniferous- Triassic arc-trench system. Subduction complex, fore-arc basin and magmatic arc assemblages are identified and described in terms of the tectonic history. Inst. of Geol. Sci., Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Scotland. (has)

81:5553 van der Zwaan, G.J., 1979. The pre-evaporite Late

Miocene environment of the Mediterranean; stable isotopes of planktonic Foraminifera from section Falconara, Sicily. Proc. K. ned. A kad. Wet., (B)82(4):487-502. Geological Inst., State Univ. of Utrecht, Netherlands.

81:5554 Van Gorsel, J.T. and S.R. Troelstra, 1981. Late

Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and climatostratigraphy of the Solo River section (Java, Indonesia). Mar. Micropaleont., 6(2): 183- 209.

A series of cold-warm cycles is indicated by foraminiferal variations in the 1500 m thick Late Miocene-earliest Pleistocene Solo River section. The presence of cold-water forms is attributed to inter- vals of increased upwelling associated with Antarctic glaciation. Five climatostratigraphic zones are cor- related with both Mediterranean and New Zealand stages. ESSO ErR-E, 213 cours Victor Hugo, 33321 Begles, France. (hbf)

OLR (198 I) 28 (10) D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics 747

81:5555 Vergnaud Grazzini, Colette and Dominique

Rabussier-Lointier, 1980. Oxygen and carbon isotopic stratigraphy for Cenozoic time: a ten- tative approach. Bull. Soc. g~ol. Fr., (7)22(5):719- 730. (In French, English abstract.)

Three 'critical points' and several major carbon and oxygen shifts are identified for the Cenozoic; these await absolute dating for global stratigraphic cor- relation. Lab. de Geol. dynam., Univ. P.-et-M.- Curie, 4, pl. Jussieu, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France. (sir)

DI80. Paleontology (see also E-BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY)

81:5556 Basov, I.A., 1981. Benthonic foraminifers in recent

sediments of the inland seas of the Malay Archipelago. Okeanologiia, 21(1):97-104. (In Russian, English abstract.)

Critical depths of CaCO 3 dissolution range from <3000 m (Sulawesi Sea) to >5000 m (Molucca Sea), based on 21 benthonic foraminiferal samples. (ahm)

81:5557 Bonneau, M.-C., Fr6d6ric M61i~res and Colette

Vergnaud-Grazzini, 1980. Stable isotopes and crystallography variations in Recent planktonic Foraminifera with increasing deposition depth [Ontong-Java Plateau, west Pacific]. Bull. Soc. g~ol. Fr., (7)22(5):791-793. (In French, English abstract.) Dept. de geol. dynam., Univ. P.- et-M.-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France.

81: 5558 Burke, S.C., 1981. Recent benthic Foraminifera of the

Ontong Java Plateau. J. foram. Res., 11(1): 1-19.

Distribution of the area's Recent benthic Foraminifera (167 species) was influenced by the topographic effect of the Ontong Java Plateau, deep water masses, sediments from the Solomon Islands, upwelling, and the lysocline. Includes extensive species lists and 49 micrographs. Scripps Inst. of Oceanog., San Diego, Calif. 92093, USA. (ahm)

81:5559 Cook, P.L., 1981. The potential of minute bryozoan

colonies in the analysis of deep sea sediments. Cah. Biol. mar., 22(1):89-106.

Bryozoa may prove to be useful paleoecological indicators as they are sensitive to and reflect

(spatially and temporally) sedimentation rate changes; often abundant in sediment; identifiable when fragmented; and occur in higher proportion than other animal remains. British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Rd., London, SW7 5BD, Great Britain. (ahm)

81:5560 Hoffman, Antoni, 1981. TI~ ecostratigraphic para-

digm. Lethaia, 14(1): 1-7.

A cogent defense is mounted for ecostratigraphy as a distinct stratigraphic concept contending that the approach's value lies in its ultimate goal--identifying 'important dates in geobiologic history...valid only... in terms of taxocoenes or species groups... restricted...to a more or less regional scale.' Geo- logisches Inst. der Univ. Tubingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, D-7400 Tubingen, FRG. (izs)

81:5561 Lohman, W.H. and C.H. Ellis, 1981. A new species

[Gephyrocapsa florencia n.sp.] and new fossil occurrences of calcareous nannoplankton in the eastern Mediterranean. J. Paleont., 55(2):389- 394. Includes micrographs. Marathon Oil Co., Littleton, Colo. 80160, USA.

81: 5562 Maher, L.J. Jr., 1981. Statistics for microfossil

concentration measurements employing samples spiked with marker grains. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 32(2/3): 153-191.

Calculation of confidence intervals is described for (1) taxon concentration in a single sample as well as in a combination of samples, and (2) testing the significance of differences between two independent samples. Means of keeping confidence intervals small, and problems with fossil influx data caused by sedimentation rate uncertainties are addressed. The 'concept of "influx index" is introduced." Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisc. 53706, USA. (mjj)

81:5563 Thunell, R.C. and Susumu Honjo, 1981. Planktonic

foraminiferal flux to the deep ocean: sediment trap results from the tropical Atlantic and the central Pacific. Mar. Geol., 40(3/4):237-253.

Faunas at the two sites were similar, with 5 common species comprising 70-75% of the total assemblages. Carbonate and total foraminiferal fluxes tended to decrease with depth, as did the number of small (~150tlm), solution-susceptible forms; larger resis- tant species occupied an increasing percentage of the total with depth. Sediment-water interface samples

748 D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics OLR (1981) 28 (10)

from below the Pacific trap array contained no planktonic Foraminifera, indicating extremely short residence times prior to dissolution. Includes species lists and micrographs. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C. 29208, USA. (sir)

81:5564 Thunell, R.C. and Susumu Honjo, 1981. Calcite

dissolution and the modification of planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. Mar. Micropaleont., 6(2): 169-182.

Pre-weighed planktonic foraminiferal samples at- tached to moorings at 665-3791 m depths for 123 days in the Panama Basin showed species-specific dissolution, no significant dissolution above 2869 m, and a 'dramatic' dissolution increase below 2869 m. A solution-susceptibility ranking, in agreement with previous studies, is presented. Includes micrographs. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C. 29208, USA. (izs)

D200. Gravity, geodesy, magnetism

81:5565 Beamish, D., R.C. Hewson-Browne, P.C. Kendall,

S.R.C. Malin and D.A. Quinney, 1980. Erratum [to] 'Induction in arbitrarily shaped oceans. V. The circulation of Sq induced current around land masses.' Geophys. Jl R. astr. Soc., 63(2):573-576.

'The publishers regret that the quality of the figures in this article [Geophys. J. r. astr. Soc., 61(3):479-488] was substandard. Improved figures are reproduced.'

81:5566 Briden, J.C. and G.R. Arthur, 1981. Precision of

measurement of remanent magnetization. Can. J. Earth Sci., 18(3):527-538. Dept. of Earth Sci., Univ. of Leeds, Leeds, England LS2 9JT.

81:5567 Brosche, P., 1981. Geomagnetic reversals and tidal

friction. Naturwissenschaften, 68(3): 139-140.

While tidal friction is smooth and nearly constant, and magnetic reversals are relatively abrupt, there is still the possibility that the two are connected for 'the intricate dynamo process may react to smooth changes of rotation with periodic drastic changes of the field.' In any event the magnetic field is generally believed to be related to rotation. Tidal friction is perhaps the only means of changing rotation; it also seems powerful enough to affect the dynamo. As changing geographic geometry affects both tidal torques and ocean eigenperiods, the 'challenge to oceanography' is to determine paleotides and paleo-

eigenperiods. Astronomische Inst. der Univ., D-5300 Bonn, FRG. (fcs)

81:5568 Lalaut, Philippe, J.-C. Sibuet and Carol Williams,

1981. Presentation of a gravimetric map of the north-east Atlantic: compilation of free-air anom- alies. C. r. hebd. S~anc. A cad. Sci., Paris, (II)292(7):597-600. (In French, English ab- stract.) Centre oceanologique de Bretagne, B.P. No. 337, 29273 Brest Cedex, France.

D240. Local or regional tectonics

81:5569 Andrews-Speed, C.P., 1981. The case against a

Phanerozoic Kolyma Plate in the northeastern U.S.S.R. Geology, geol. Soc. Am., 9(4):174-177.

A review of the geology of the Kolyma-Omolon region suggests that it probably is an area of accreted microplates, similar to an adjacent Arctic section; or alternatively, since at least the Ordovician, that it has been part of the Siberian Platform. Dept. of Earth Sci., Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. (bas)

81:5570 Balakina, L.M., 1979. Orientation of ruptures and

movements in the foci of strong earthquakes in the northern and northwestern Pacific. Phys. solid Earth (a translation of Fiz. Zemli), 15(4):253- 258.

Source mechanisms determined for some large earthquakes near the Aleutians, Kamchatka, the Kuriles and Japan (1904-1974) suggest near-vertical displacement (reverse slip) on 'steep rupture planes oriented along island arcs' which extend down hundreds of kilometers. It is concluded that the complex patterns do not concur with underthrusting and that plate tectonics cannot adequately explain the region's fault orientations and earthquake foci displacement. O. Y. Schmidt Inst. of Earth Physics, Acad. of Sci., USSR. (bas)

81:5571 Berberian, Manuel and G.C.P. King, 1981. Towards

a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of lran. Can. J. Earth Sci, 18(2):210-265. Includes numerous reconstructions, paleogeographic maps and 9 pages of references. Dept. of Earth Sci., Univ. of Cambridge, Madingley Rise, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, UK.

O L R ( 1981 ) 28 (10) D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics 749

81: 5572 Curray, J.R. and F.J. Emmel, 1981. Demise of the

Diamantina Dent. Mar. Geol., 40(3/4):M69-M72.

The most pronounced indentation in the outline of the western Sunda Trench off Sumatra, frequently the subject of tectonic speculation, is shown to be only an artifact of a single pre-satellite navigation survey line, a reminder that tectonic patterns can be no better than the data. Scripps Inst. of Ocean- ography, La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA.

81:5573 Hawkes, D.D., 1981. Tectonic segmentation of the

northern Antarctic Peninsula. Geology, geol. Soc. Am., 9(5):220-224. Dept. of Geol. Sci., Univ. of Aston, Birmingham B4 7ET, England.

81:5574 McNutt, Marcia and Rodey Batiza, 1981. Paleo-

magnetism of the northern Cocos seamounts: constraints on absolute plate motion. Geology, geol. Soc. Am., 9(4):148-154.

Paleodeclinations of 6 seamounts indicate Cocos Plate magnetic anomalies arising from a 30 ° coun- terclockwise rotation about a nearby pole over the last 1-6 m.y., rather than from ridge crest reorient- ation; northward movement at ~ 5 0 mm/yr is compatible with the paleoinclinations. Guidelines for paleomagnetic analyses are suggested. USGS, Menlo Park, Calif. 94025, USA. (bas)

81:5575 Nakanishi, Ichiro and Akiko Horie, 1980. Anoma-

lous distributions of seismic intensities due to the descending Philippine Sea Plate beneath the southern Kanto district, Japan. J. Phys. Earth, 28(4):333-360.

High and normal intensity earthquake zones, as determined from distribution patterns 1949-1978, are explained by lateral variations in attenuation of seismic waves. Variations in Tokyo Bay, Chiba and Ibaraki are attributed to the presence of the high-.Q Philippine Sea Plate which dips northeast from the Sagami Trough and to a low-Q region which overlies the high-Q Pacific Plate. Earthquake Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. (has)

81:5576 Niemitz, J.W. and J.L. Bischoff, 1981. Tectonic

elements of the southern part of the Gulf of California: summary. Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 92(3) (I): 101-104.

Basin floors exhibited a paucity of sediments relative to accumulation on the flanks, indicating a seafloor spreading rate sufficient to exceed burial by sedi-

ment. Tec tonic e lements suggest complex, transitional development in the early stages of basin (passive ocean margin) growth. Dept. of Geol., Dickinson College, Carlisle, Penn. 17018, USA. (sir)

81:5577 Takeuchi, Akira, 1980. Tertiary stress field and

tectonic development of the southern part of the northeast Honshu Arc, Japan. J. Geosci. Osaka Cy Univ., 23:1-64.

Dike swarms are used as indicators of maximum compressive stress directions and of variations in tectonic development. From ~21 to 7 myBP the inner NE Honshu zone was in a tensional regime, in contrast to the outer zone which has been under compression all along. About 7 myBP this 'paired stress field' abruptly changed to compressional stress over the entire region. This development may be characteristic of interarc basin evolution. Dept. of Earth Sciences, Toyama Univ., Toyama 930, Japan. (bas)

81:5578 Thayer, R.E., A. Bjornsson, L. Alvarez and J.F.

Hermance, 1981. Magma genesis and crustal spreading in the northern neovolcanic zone of Iceland: telluric-magnetotelluric constraints. Geo- phys. Jl R. astr. Soc., 65(2):423-442.

Measurements imply a 4-zone regional electrical model which is tied in with geo-seismic models of magma genesis and crustal spreading. An anomalous conductivity layer between 8 and 15 km depth is attributed to the presence of molten magma. Indi- cations of underplating and high-level intrusion are discussed. Shell Oil Co., One Shell Plaza, P.O. Box 831, Houston, Tex. 77001, USA,(bas)

81:5579 Utsu, Tokuji, 1980. Spatial and temporal distribution

of low-frequency earthquakes in Japan. J. Phys. Earth, 28(4):361-384.

Shallow earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or greater from 1904-1979 are classified as normal, low frequency or very low frequency. The spatio- temporal distribution of low-frequency earthquakes is affected by great earthquakes occurring near ocean trenches--a fact with possible implications for long-term earthquake prediction. Attenuation of high-frequency waves through low-Q zones and weak radiation of high-frequency source waves are thought to cause the low-frequency earthquakes. Earthquake Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. (bas)

750 D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics OLR (1981) 28 (10)

D250. Plate and global tectonics

81:5580 Jacoby, W.R., 1980. On the nomenclature for a new

earth science concept: plate tectonics. Z. dt. geol. Ges., 131(3):579-589. (In German, English ab- stract.)

This listing of German and English terms pertinent to plate tectonics is divided into general, lithosphere, convergence, divergence, transform motion, and related terms. Possible translations are suggested for expressions such as 'seafloor spreading, plume, slab' which have no German equivalents. Inst. fur Meteorol. und Geophysik, Johann Wolfgang Goe- the-Univ., Feldbergstr. 47, D-6000 Frankfurt a. M.I., FRG. (izs)

81:5581 Li, Yinting and Dexiang Guan, 1981. Upwelling flow

in the Earth's mantle and sea-floor spreading. Phys. Earth planet. Interiors, 24(4):325-332.

A basic system of fluid dynamics equations provides temperature and velocity structures in 2-D mantle upwelling ceils and cylindrical plumes. Accompa- nying mass, momentum, and energy transfers to the lithosphere are determined and applied to the problems of driving mechanisms, rift valleys and plumes. Inst. of Mech., Academia Sinica, Peking, Peoples' Republic of China. (bas)

81: 5582 Torquato, J.R. and U.G. Cordani, 1981. Brazil-

Africa geological links. Earth-Sci. Rev., 17(1/2): 155-176. Inst. de Geociencias, Univ. Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.

D280. Volcanism, magmatism

81:5583 Aoki, K., K. Ishiwaka and S. Kanisawa, 1981.

Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contr. Miner. Petrology, 76(1):53-59.

Basaltic rocks (~300 samples), analyzed by the selective ion electrode method, showed good cor- relations between F and K20. Sources of these components, water content, and F concentrations during fractional crystallization are addressed. Inst. of Mineral., Petrol. and Econ. Geol., Tohoku Univ., Sendai 980, Japan. (izs)

81:5584 Cornen, Guy, 1981. Identical alkaline complexes in

oceanic and continental areas: Gorringe Bank

compared to the Sierra de Monchique. C. r. hebd. Sbanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, (1I)292(5):463-466. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. des Sci. de la Nature, Univ. de Nantes, 44072 Nantes Cedex, France.

81:5585 Donnelly, T.W. and J.J.W. Rogers, 1980. Igneous

series in island arcs: the northeastern Caribbean compared with worldwide island-arc assemblages. Bull. volcan., 43(2):347-382.

Northeastern Caribbean primitive island arc and calc-alkaline volcanic series are delineated, char- acterized and correlated with western Pacific suites emphasizing Th and U relationships; the importance of Ti, Zr, REE, Ni, K and Ba; and the significance of Sr and Pb isotopes. Dept. of Geol. Sci., STONY at Binghamton, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901, USA. (izs)

81:5586 Gunn, B.M., M.J. Roobol and A.L. Smith, 1980.

Geochemistry of the volcanoes of Basse Terre, Guadeioupc an example of intra-island varia- tion. Bull. volcan., 43(2):403-41 I.

Arguing against any Lesser Antilles along-arc sys- tematic variation between calc-alkaline and tholeiitic magmas are the presence of both andesitic and basaltic volcanoes on the same island and intra- island petrological and geochemical differences as large as inter-island differences. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. (izs)

81:5587 Harmon, R.S., R.S. Thorpe and P.W. Francis, 1981.

Petrogenesis of Andean andesites from combined O-Sr isotope relationships. Nature, Lond., 290 (5805):396-399.

Oxygen isotope data for 3 distinct volcanic zones in Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina, examined for Sr isotope relationships, have implications for andesitic petrogenesis. The seismicity, tectonism and magmatism typical of this continental margin are proposed due to subduction of the Nazca Plate under western South America. Associated melting of crust and mantle material may form the magma source for volcanics. Isotope Geol. Unit, Scottish Univ. Res. and Reactor Centre, East Kilbride G75 0QU, UK. (bas)

81:5588 Matveyenkov, V.V. and B.V. Baranov, 1981.

Magmatic rocks of the Macquarie Ridge (south- west part of the Pacific Ocean). Int. Geol. Rev., 23(4):417-425. (Russian original.)

OLR (1981) 28 (10) D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics 75t

The petrochemistry, described in detail, of volcanic and subvolcanic oceanic tholeiites and intrusives is typical of oceanic crust. A layered Skaergaard type complex is reported for the first time from an ocean area. Inst. of Oceanology, ussR Academy of Sci- ences, Moscow, USSR. (hbf)

81:5589 Mitchell-Thom6, R.C., 1980. The calderas of

Macaronesia. Bolm Mus. munic. Funchal, 33 (141):5-43.

Use of the term 'caldera' and caldera classification are reviewed. Twenty-four of these volcanic basins off western Europe and Africa are described; 11 are of explosive collapse origin and erosional processes played some part in their evolution. 29 Rue de la Liberation, Mamer, Luxemburg. (hbf)

81:5590 Rea, W.J. and P.E. Baker, 1980. The geochemical

characteristics and conditions of petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the northern Lesser Antilles - - a review. Bull. volcan., 43(2):325-336.

A review of previously published and some new geochemical data for the mainly andesitic volcanics of the inner arc islands suggests that different petrogenetic processes dominate in the northern, central, and southern portions. In the north, the low Ni, Cr and trace element content and high volumes can be accounted for by partial melt of subducted oceanic tholeiite with fractional crystallization and magma mixing accounting for some variations. Partial melt of mantle garnet lherzolite dominates in the south. Dept. of Geol. and Phys. Sci., Oxford Polytech., Oxford, U.K. (bas)

81:5591 Smith, A.L., M.J. Roobol and B.M. Gunn, 1980. The

Lesser Antilles---a discussion of island arc magmatism. Bull. volcan., 43(2):287-302.

The dominant volcanics range from intermediate to basic types, belonging to the low-K, calc-alkaline suite; some alkali basalts found at the southern end of the arc on Grenada are the major exception. Local differences in composition are attributed to magma ascent to the surface or retention in high- level chambers. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (hbf)

81:5592 Smith, A.L. (ed.), 1980. Special issue. Circum-

Caribbean volcanism. Bull. volcan., 43(2):277- 452; 13 papers.

This predominantly English collection (2 French papers) addresses pumice eruptions, pyroclast falls,

magmatism, igneous series, phreatic clouds, pyro- clast flow size-dormancy relationships, and La Soufri~re's activity and risk evaluation. A review of northern Lesser Antilles volcanic rock geochemistry and petrogenesis is included. (izs)

81:5593 Yokoyama, I., 1981. A geophysical interpretation of

the 1883 Krakatau eruption. J. Volcanol. geo- therm. Res., 9(4):359-378.

Gravity anomalies indicate the Krakatau Islands' post-eruption underlying structure; residuals suggest the amount of ejecta was ~10 km 3. Explosive removal, rather than collapse, is likely to have caused the disappearance of the northern half of the island. Usu Volcano Observ., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, 060 Japan. (bas)

D290. Crust, mantle, core

81:5594 Dupuy, C., J. Dostal and M. Leblanc, 1981.

Geochemistry of an ophiolitic complex from New Caledonia. Contr. Miner. Petrology, 76(1):77-83.

Geochemical characteristics of dikes, basaltic flows and gabbroic cumulates from Montagne des Sources are reminiscent of those of mid-ocean ridge basalts. Multi-stage dynamic partial melting (Langmuir et al., 1977) can account for the mafics' chemical composition. The geochemical data support tectonic and structural evidence for origin of the ophiolite during mid-ocean ridge spreading at a rate of ~ 1 cm/yr. Centre Geol. et Geophys., uS'rE, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex, France. (izs)

81:5595 Jamieson, R.A. and D.F. Strong, 1981. A meta-

somatic mylonite zone within the ophiolite aure- ole, St. Anthony Complex, Newfoundland. Am. J. Sci., 281(3):264-281. Dept. of Geol., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, N.S. B3H 3J5, Canada.

81:5596 Keen, C.E. and D.L. Barrett, 1981. Thinned and

subsided continental crust on the rifted margin of eastern Canada: crustal structure, thermal evo- lution and subsidence history. Geophys. Jl R. astr. Soc., 65(2):443-465.

Orphan Basin and Flemish Pass data suggest that thinned continental crust (Moho at 22 km) extends eastward ~100 km across the outer shelf to the ocean-continent boundary. Differential extension in the upper and lower lithosphere best explains

752 D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics OLR (1981) 28 (10)

subsidence history; lateral and temporal lithosphere theology variations are suggested by the calculated temperature distribution. Geol. Survey of Canada, Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, N.S. B2Y 4A2, Canada. (bas)

81:5597 Kerr, R.A., 1981. [Report.] Generation of the oceanic

lithosphere. American Geophysical Union Con- ference, Airlie, Virginia, 6-10 April 1981. Sci- ence, 212(4494):528-529.

Newsworthy highlights include: laboratory magma chamber experiments; finds of a French expedition to fast- (10 cm/yr) and superfast-moving (16 cm/yr) spreading areas of the EPR; and a computer- simulated illustration of the propagating-rift hy- pothesis. (hbf)

81:5598 Lemoine, Marcel, 1980. Serpentinites, gabbros and

ophicalcites in the Piemont-Ligurian domain of the western AIps: possible indicators of oceanic fracture zones and of associated serpentinite protrusions in the Jurassic-Cretaceous Tethys. Archs Sci., Gen~ve, 33(2/3):103-115. Inst. Dolomieu, 38031 Grenoble-Cedex, France.

81:5599 Minato, Masao and Mitsuo Hunahashi, 1980.

Crustal structures of northern Japan, the Japan Sea and the Pacific coast as far as the Japan Trench. Z. dr. geol. Ges., 131(3):669-683. Hok- kaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan.

81:5600 Ohnenstetter, M. and D. Ohnenstetter, 1980. Com-

parison between Corsican albitites and oceanic plagiogranites. Archs Sci., Genbve, 33(2/3):201- 220 + 4 plates.

The comparison of textural, petrographic, and major and trace element geochemistries of these two acid differentiate suites suggests that similar petrogenetic processes were active in their generation. Classi- fication of the two groups is considered. Implications as to magma chamber evolution are discussed. Includes micrographs. Lab. de Petrol., Univ. de Nancy I, c.o. 140, 54037, Nancy, Cedex, France. (bas)

81:5601 Oldenburg, D.W., 1981, Conductivity structure of

oceanic upper mantle beneath the Pacific Plate. Geophys. Jl R. astr. Soc., 65(2):359-394.

Magnetotelluric response analysis of 3 areas (dif- ferent ages) clearly showed age-dependent conduc-

tivity; the seismic velocity reduction is postulated due to partial melt. Location and magnitude of the conductive zone show excellent correlation with calculated partial melt distributions. Resolution of this hypothesis with its major constraint, the pro- posed gravitational instability of large melt fractions, awaits further consideration. Dept. of Geophys. and Astron., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T IW5, Canada. (sir)

81:5602 Page, B.M. and John Suppe, 1981. The Pliocene

Lichi mrlange of Taiwan: its plate-tectonic and olistostromal origin. Am. J. Sci., 281(3): 193-227.

Interpreted as a 'fault-scarp olistostromal facies of the Takangkou Formation' accreted along the western flank of the Luzon Trough following arc-stable continent collision between the Luzon Island Arc and the Chinese margin along Taiwan, the mrlange is contained in the arc volcanic stratigraphic sequence. Such mrlanges should be common indicators of past arc-continent collisions, distinct from trench-subduction zone mrlanges. Dept. of Geol., Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif. 94305, USA. (sir)

81:5603 Peltier, W.R. (ed.), 1979/81. Two symposia: 1.

Dynamics of the core and mantle. 2. Dynamo theory. Symposia 10 and 11, XVII IUGG General Assembly, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia, December 1979. Special issue. Phys. Earth planet. Interiors, 24(4):229-332; 13 papers.

It is hoped that this selection of papers, while small (considering the scope of the two symposia), presents 'an interesting expression of current work.' The papers concentrate more on interior geophysics than on tectonic or lithospheric expressions of mantle processes. (fcs)

81:5604 Sharapov, V.N., I.G. Simbireva, P.M. Bondarenko

and G.S. Gnibidenko, 1981. Structure of the Earth's crust in the zone linking the ocean and continent in the Kamchatka deep-sea trench region. Geologiya Geofiz., Novosibirsk, 1981(1): 3-19. (In Russian, English abstract.)

81:5605 Shemenda, A.I., 1981. Elasticoplastic bending of the

oceanic lithosphere in the outer rise region. Okeanologiia, 21(1):77-83. (In Russian, English abstract.)

Satisfactory agreement is found between simulated plate subduction in an elasticoplastic lithosphere

OLR (198 I) 28 (10) D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics 753

model and bathymetric data from a trench/outer rise system, corroborating hypothesized sharp flexure of the subducted plate where it joins the island arc complex. (sir)

81:5606 Suppe, John, J.G. Liou and W.G. Ernst, 1981.

Paleogeographic origins of the Miocene East Taiwan Ophiolite. Am. J. Sci., 281(3):228-246. Dept. of Geol. and Geophys. Sci., Princeton Univ., Princeton, N.J. 08544, USA.

81:5607 Wedepohl, K.H., 1981. Tholeiitic hasalts from

spreading ocean ridges: the growth of oceanic crust. Naturwissenschaften, 68(3): 110-119.

This short review of oceanic crust covers rock characterization and nomenclature, composition (petrography, major and minor elements, radiogenic isotopes), basalt types, and source and melting conditions. Includes 91 references. Geochemisches Inst. der Univ., D-3400 Gottingen, FRG. (izs)

tions which vary with sediment accumulation rate.' Conditions which favor transition metal enrichment of [equatorial Pacific] nodules tend to produce 3 + REE-depleted nodules and 3 + REE-enriched sediments; in contrast, 3 + REE-enriched nodules are found on sediments which have been depleted of these elements. Dept. of Earth Sciences, Univ. of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. (slr)

81:5610 Malmqvist, Lennart and Krister Kristiansson, 1981.

Microflow of geogas---a possible formation mech- anism for deep-sea nodules. Mar. Geol., 40(3/4): M1-M8.

Ascending geogas bubble trains force sediment material and particles to the sediment-water inter- face where precipitation reactions occur; in the presence of a nucleating agent, a nodule is formed. Such a model incorporates observations concerning nodular structure, genesis and distribution. Dept. of Prospecting, Boliden Mineral AB, So936 00 Boliden, Sweden.

D330. Oil and gas

81:5608 Trotsyuk, V.Ya., 1980. Genesis of the ocean-floor

sediment hydrocarbons. Geochem. int. (a trans- lation of Geokhimiya), 17(1):!43-151.

Three conversion reactions of organic matter in ocean sediments (diagenesis, catagenesis, metamor- phism) are assessed; quantitative estimates are made of the relative contribution of each to the hydro- carbons produced. Catagenesis appears to be the principal source; levels of hydrocarbon gases in bottom water and sediments are reported for various marine areas. Inst. of Oceanology, Acad. of Sci. of the USSR, Moscow, USSR. (bwt)

81:5611 Marchig. V. and H. Gundlach, 1981. Separation of

iron from manganese and growth of manganese nodules as a consequence of diagenetic ageing of radiolarians. Mar. Geol., 40(3/4):M35-M43.

Radiolarians undergoing diagenesis precipitate authigenic clays within test cavities and metal oxides on test surfaces--both processes serving to separate Fe from Mn. Subsequent test dissolution provides material (Fe depleted; Mn, Cu, Zn enriched) for manganese nodule growth. Results are based on 111 central Pacific sediment samples chemically and microscopically investigated. Bundesanstalt fur Geo- wissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover, FRG. (izs)

D340. Manganese nodules, etc.

81:5609 Elderfield, H , C.J. Hawkesworth, M.J. Greaves and

S.E. Calvert, 1981. Rare earth element geo- chemistry of oceanic ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments. Geochim. cosmochim. A cta, 45(4):513-528.

The behavior of Ce differed from that of the other rare earths in that it is apparently added to both sediments and nodules directly from seawater. The others (3 + REE) are evidently controlled by surface sediment chemistry 'during diagenetic reac-

81:5612 Piper, D.Z. and M.E. Williamson, 1981. Mineralogy

and composition of concentric layers within a manganese nodule from the North Pacific Ocean. Mar. Geol., 40(3/4):255-268.

Minor-element composition exhibits strong corre- lations with Fe and Mn contents but appears independent of pronounced mineralogic variations. Elemental composition of individual layers appar- ently is controlled by the relative contributions of seawater and interstitial water; in contrast, miner- alogy of the nodule is considered a function of nodule diagenesis. USGS, Menlo Park, Calif. 94025. USA.

754 OLR(1981)28(10)

D360. Books, collections (general)

81:5613 Bertrand, J. and J. Deferne (eds.), 1979/80. Pro-

ceedings. Symposium on tectonic inclusions and associated rocks in serpentinites. Geneva, 17-29 September 1979. Archs Sci., Genbve, 33(2/3):89- 364; 21 papers. (Papers in English or French.)

D370. Miscellaneous

81:5614 Anonymous, 1981. The blow that gave birth to

Iceland? New Scient., 89(1245):p.740.

Evidence is considered suggesting Iceland 'grew' following the impact of a giant meteor close by the North Atlantic's spreading ridge some 65 mya. (smf)

81:5615 DePaolo, D.J., 1981. Nd isotopic studies: some new

perspectives on Earth structure and evolution. Eos, 62(14): 137-141.

Great excitement was generated in 1974 when a new generation of extremely accurate mass spectrometers enabled Lugmair, Marti and Scheinin to date basaltic samples from samarium-147/neodymium- 143 ratios. The fact that the geochemistry of these REE's was already known 'facilitated their imme- diate use as a tracer' rather than purely as a geochronological tool. Importance and implications of these isotopic studies for understanding planetary,

mantle, continental and ocean basin evolution are reviewed. Dept. of Earth and Space Sci., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Calif., USA. (fcs)

81:5616 Hall, J.K., 1980. State of the art in data processing

and sharing in marine geophysics and prospects for the future. CODA TA Bull., 39:p.44.

Briefly overviewed are the NAVSTAR Global Po- sitioning System, real-time precision mapping of the seafloor with sidescan sonar or multiple narrow beam sounders, and integrated geophysical surveys for deepwater hydrocarbon exploration. Geol. Sur- vey of Israel, 30 Malchei Israel St., Jerusalem 95 501, Israel. (izs)

81:5617 McCrea, W.H., 1981. Long time-scale fluctuations in

the evolution of the Earth. Review. Proc. R. Soc., Lond., (A)375(1760): 1-41.

"In principle there seems to be no way of getting an answer [to whether extraterrestrial forcing need be invoked to explain episodicities on Earth] but to go through everything that happens on Earth and to ask if it can be explained without outside forcing, then to go through all that happens in the sky and to ask if it produces effects on Earth,' which is the first object of this review. The second is to explore what records on Earth (during its some 10-20 galactic circuits) may exist of heavenly phenomena. Astronomy Centre, Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, BNI 9QH, UK. (fcs)

E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

El0. Apparatus and methods

81:5618 Demidov, A.A., E.V. Baulin, V.V. Fadeev and L.A.

Shur, 1981. The use of laser spectrofluorometry for concentration measurements of marine phyto- plankton pigments. Okeanologiia, 21(1): 174-179. (In Russian, English abstract.)

81:5619 Hockin, D.C., 1981. Gurr's Neutral Mounting Me-

dium: a suitable monntant for the Harpacticoida

(Copepeda). Crustaceana, 40(2):222-223. Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.

81:5620 Hockin, D.C., i 981. A simple elutriator for extracting

meiofauna from sediment matrices. Mar. Ecol.- Prog. Ser., 4(2):241-242. Culterty Field Station, Univ. of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Ellon, Aber- deenshire, Scotland, UK.

81:5621 Houlihan, D.F. and G. Duthie, 1981. Measurement