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Subscale quadrupole (SQ) series
Paolo Ferracin
LARP DoE Review
FNAL
June 12-14, 2006
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Outline
• Motivations and goals
• Magnet design
• SQ02 & SQ02b• Overview• Design features and axial load• Test results
• Conclusions and next steps
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Motivations and goals (SQ01)
• Test of support structure• Racetrack coil design (LBNL SM Program)• Assembly with keys and bladders• Aluminum shell• Realistic Lorentz forces
• Early feed-back for TQS magnets• Assembly procedure• Component alignment• Stress uniformity
Goals achieved with SQ01• Design and fabrication: Dec. 03 – July 04• Successful test in Aug. 04
SQ
TQS
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Motivations and goals (SQ02)Conductor test
• Provide a means of evaluating conductor and cable under operating conditions similar to the TQ
Istrand Bpeak Stresses
TQ ~ 460 A 11.3 T 100-150 MPa
SQ ~ 490 A 11.1 T 100-150 MPa
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Motivations and goals (SQ02)Training studies
• Validate numerical models related to magnet performance
• Perform training and quench initiation studies
• 3D FE model of the magnet geometry• Axial forces
• Investigate dependence of magnet performance on axial loading
Fz total Acoil z
TQ 350 kN 4300 mm2 81 MPa
SQ 340 kN 3900 mm2 87 MPa
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Motivations and goals (SQ02)Technology development
• New coil parts
• Different assembly procedures
• Quench propagation study• Cable characterization and comparison with modeling
• Field quality measurements• Coil alignment with shell-type structure• Coil fabrication tolerances
• Strain gauge R&D
• Data analysis with different data acquisition systems
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Outline
• Motivations and goals
• Magnet design
• SQ02 & SQ02b• Overview• Design features and axial load• Test results
• Conclusions and next steps
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Magnet designSuperconducting coil
• Cable• 0.7 mm strand• 20 strands, 7.9 X 1.3 mm• Insulation: 0.1 mm fiberglass
• Racetrack coils• Double-layer• Iron / bronze island (pole)• 20 turns per layer
• Horseshoe / end shoe containment structure
• Aluminum bore
• Clear aperture: 110 mm
• Coil aperture: 130 mm
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Magnet design Support structure
• Stainless steel pads
• Iron yokes
• Aluminum shell• Thickness: 22 mm• Outer diameter: 500 mm
• 4 bladders and 8 keys for assembly and pre-load
• Axial support• 4 aluminum rods
• Diameter: 25 mm• Stainless steel end plate
• Thickness: 50 mm• Pre-load applied with hydraulic cylinder
• Strain gauges on shell and rods
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Outline
• Motivations and goals
• Magnet design
• SQ02 & SQ02b• Overview• Design features and axial load• Test results
• Conclusions and next steps
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
SQ02 overview
• Progress to date• June – Aug. 05
• Fabrication of 4 new coils• Sept. 05
• Assembly (“Initial axial load”)• Oct. 05
• Test at LBNL (SQ02)• Dec. 05
• Re-load (“Higher axial load”)• Mar. 06
• Test at FNAL (SQ02b)
• Next step• End of FY06
• Re-load (“Lower axial load”)• Test (SQ02c)
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
SQ02 Design features
• Test of TQ conductor and cable• Four new coils
• SC17-SC16-SC18-SC19
• Training studies• Tests with different axial load• 3D FE models • Coils instrumentation
• 1 spot heater• 4 strain gauges• 10 voltage taps
• Technology development• New horseshoe design and
bronze island• Improved assembly procedure
(axial load first)
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
SQ02Short sample limits
• Calculated short sample (extracted strand meas.)
• Iss (4.3 K) = 9.9 kA • Bpeak (4.3 K) = 11.1 T
• Iss (4.5 K) = 9.8 kA• Iss (1.8 K) = 10.8 kA
• Peak field in the end region• ~ 2 T difference between
ends and straight section
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
SQ02Axial load
• Measured axial rod tension• After assembly
• 70 MPa (150 kN)• After cool-down
• 120 MPa (260 kN)
• Computed gap coil-island• Friction model (µ = 0.2)• Separation allowed• 80 m gap at short sample
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
SQ02 test resultsConductor and magnet performance
• First thermal cycle• 1st quench
• 5.9 kA (60 % Iss)• 90 % in 13 quenches• Highest quench
• 9.4 kA (95 % Iss)
• Second thermal cycle• 1st quench
• 9.4 kA (95 % Iss)• Highest quench
• 9.6 kA (97 % Iss)• Bmax = 10.7 T• Gmax = 81 T/m
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
SQ02 test resultsQuench locations
• All quenches in the innermost turn
• Training quenches• Trend from end segments
to central segments• Short sample quenches
• End segment (coil 18)
Training quench location Short sample quench location
▪ Voltage tap
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
SQ02 FE model Frictional energy dissipation
• Friction factor µ (0.2)
• Sliding distance [m]
• Contact frictional stress [N/m2]
• Frictional energy dissipation per unit area [J/m2]
Fz
Fy
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Frictional energy dissipation [J/m2] 6000 A 7000 A
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Frictional energy dissipation [J/m2] 7000 A 8000 A
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Frictional energy dissipation [J/m2] 8000 A 9000 A
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Frictional energy dissipation [J/m2] 9000 A 10000 A
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
SQ02bAxial load
• Measured axial rod tension• After assembly
• 130 MPa (290 kN)• Similar force as TQS01
• After cool-down• 190 MPa (410 kN)
• Computed gap coil-island• Friction model (µ = 0.2)• Separation allowed• 40 m gap at short sample
• 50 % reduction with respect to SQ02
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
SQ02b test resultsConductor and magnet performance
• 4.5 K• 1st quench
• 9.1 kA (93 % Iss)• Highest quench
• 9.5 kA (97 % Iss)• Similar as second
thermal cycle at LBNL
• 1.8 K• 1st quench
• 9.8 kA (90 % Iss)• Highest quench
• 10.6 kA (98 % Iss)
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Outline
• Motivations and goals
• Magnet design
• SQ02 & SQ02b• Overview• Design features and axial load• Test results
• Conclusions and next steps
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Conclusions
• SQ series has been a successful R&D program
• Cable and conductor evaluation• TQ01 conductor achieved 97-98 % of calculated Iss (both at 4.3
K and 1.8 K) without significant degradation due to stress
• Training studies• Analysis of quench initiation and location through
instrumentation consistent with numerical predictions• Study of the effect of axial load on magnet performance
• Work in progress
• Technology development• Improved assembly procedure (implemented in TQS) and new
coil parts (same pole material as TQ)
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Next steps (SQ02)
• Retest with lower axial load (SQ02c)
• Comparison between SQ02b and SQ02c magnet performance
• Analysis of the effect of axial load on trained magnets
• Significant increase in computed end gaps
Paolo Ferracin06/13/2006
Next steps (SQ03)
• Cable and conductor evaluation• Fabrication of 4 new coils with RRP conductor
(TQ02)
• Training studies • Feed-back on mechanical analysis• Analysis of effect of axial load on magnet
performance• Comparison with SQ02 (virgin magnet)
• Technology development• New material for the island