ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS

Rodrigo Achury Duarte

Leonardo Rodrguez Corts

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WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION?

Its the development and implementation

of a node in the system.

Set of equipment used to direct the flow

of energy in a power system, and to

guarantee the security of the system.

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TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS

Substation of generation

Substation of transformation

Substation of maneuver

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TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS

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TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS

The substations can be too:

Conventional or Insolated in the air -

AIS

Encapsulated or Insolated in SF6 - GIS

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TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS

Interior or Exterior

execution.

Also cells for

substations of

medium and low

tension

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MAIN PARTS IN SUBSTATIONS

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MAIN PARTS IN SUBSTATIONS

Yard of connections

Set of equipment and busbars of a

substation with the same tension level

and electrical association.

Generally located in the same area of the

substation.

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TRANSFORMERS YARD

Area of substation when are located

the power transformers. Generally

between yards of connections to

different levels.

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SUBSTATIONS FIELD

The substations field is the

addition of areas connections and

transformers yards, circulations

and maintenance routes, buildings,

etc.

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OTHER DEFINITIONS

Module of connections

Set of equipment needed to connect a circuit to a busbar system of a connections yard.

Collectors Busbars

Physic element of connections yard that represents a system node.

Physics disposition

It`s the physics order of the different equipment of connections yards for determinated

configurations.

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SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF POWER SYSTEM

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION MODEL (SIDE-VIEW)

A:Primary power lines' side

B:Secondary power lines' side

1.Primary power lines

2.Ground wire

3.Overhead lines

4.Transformer for measurement of electric voltage

5.Disconnect switch

6.Circuit breaker

7.Current transformer

8.Lightning arrester

9.Main transformer

10.Control building

11.Security fence

12.Secondary power lines

Busbars(long heavy

tube type)

BUSBARS (Barras)

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BUSBAR (or bus, for short) is a term we use for a main bar or conductor carrying an

electric current to which many connection may be made.

AB

Disconnect Switch( moving contact rod (A) & contacts with

flexible fingers (B) )

Disconnect Switch (Interruptor de desconexin)

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DISCONNECT is an easily removed piece of

the actual conductor of a circuit. The purpose of

disconnects is to isolate equipment. Disconnects

are not used to interrupt circuits; they are no-load

devices

Circuit Breakers( Connected in a typical 3-phase

circuit )

Operating

Mechanism

Panel

Position

Indicator

16CIRCUIT BREAKER is used to interrupt circuits while current is flowing through them. The making and breaking of

contacts in a Oil type circuit breaker are done under oil, this oil serves to quench the arc when the circuit is opened.

CIRCUIT BREAKER (Interruptor)

Substation motorized grounding switches Motorized circuit breaker - switch detail

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CIRCUIT BREAKER (Interruptor)

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CURRENT TRANSFORMER One current

transformer can be used to operate several

instruments, provided that the combined burden does

not exceed that for which the transformer is designed

and compensated. The current transformer is

connected directly in series with the line.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER (Transformador de Corriente)

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VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER also know aspotential transformer, are used with volt-meters,wattmeters, watt-hour meters, power-factor meters,frequency meters, synchroscopes and synchronizingapparatus, protective and regulating relays and the no-voltage and over-voltage trip coils of automatic circuitbreakers.

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER (Transformador de Potencial)

A transformer is a static

machine used for

transforming power from one

circuit to another without

changing frequenc .

Power Transformer (Transformador de Potencia)

http://www.electrical4u.com/electrical-power-transformer-

definition-and-types-of-transformer/

SURGE ARRESTER (Descargador)

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1. Ability to remove the surge energy from the

line in a min. time.

2. High resistive to flow of power current.

3. A valve action automatically allowing surge

to pass and then closing up so as not to

permit power current to flow to ground.

4. Always ready to perform.

5. Performance such that no system

disturbances are introduced by its

operation.

6. Economically feasible

LINE TRAPS (TRAMPAS DE ONDA)

Line Traps are connected in

series. The main funtion is

present a high impedance at the

carrier frecuency band while

introducing negligible Impedance

ar the power frecuency,

REFERENCES

FIME, Iluminacin y Alta Tensin, divisin de Ingeniera Elctrica, Equipo Elctrico

ABB, Interruptores extrables y seccionables para equipamiento compacto aislado en aire, 72,5-420 kV, Edicin 2, 2006-

01.

Mar P. Jos G.Vidal L. Eric D., Descripcin y funcin del equipo de una subestacin elctrica, Universidad Veracruzana,

Abril de 2011

Balkan energy services OOD, Presentacin Subestaciones Elctricas, http://balkangroup.eu/

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