SuffixalSuffixal
LANE LANE 333 333 --
MORPHOLOGYMORPHOLOGY
2012 2012 –– Term Term 1 1
By:
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar
http://SBANJAR.kau.edu.sa/
http://wwwdrshadiabanjar.blogspot.com
SuffixalSuffixal
HomophonesHomophones
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2
Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar
H. H. SuffixalSuffixal HomophonesHomophonesSome suffixes, both inflectional and derivational
have homophonous forms.
I. The inflectional morpheme has two homophones: {-ER n } & {-ER rp}
II. The verbal inflectional suffix has two homophones : {-ING nm} & {-ING aj}
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II.homophones : {-ING nm} & {-ING aj}
III.The verbal inflectional has a homophone in the adjectival derivational {-D aj}
IV.The adverbial derivational suffix has one homophone: {-Ly aj}.
I. The inflectional morpheme {-ER cp} has two homophones:
�1. Derivational morpheme {-ER n }, as in hunter, fisher. It is
often called the agent –er and conveys the meaning of “that
which performs the action of the verb stem”. It may also
attached to nonverbal stems as in: teenager, new Yorker
SuffixalSuffixal HomophonesHomophonesI. The inflectional morpheme
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attached to nonverbal stems as in: teenager, new Yorker
;conveying the meaning of “that which is related to”. Both
belong to the same morpheme.
�2. Derivational morpheme {-ER rp} , which appears at the
end of words and conveys the meaning of repetition as in glitter,
mutter.
Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar
•The verbal inflectional suffix {-ING vb}
has two homophones :
�1. Nominal derivational suffix {-ING nm}
Suffixal Homophones
II. The verbal inflectional suffix
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�1. Nominal derivational suffix {-ING nm}
as in meetings, weddings.
�2. Adjectival morpheme {-ING aj} as in a
charming woman.
Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar
There are two tests to distinguish the verbal {-ING vb} from the
adjectival {-ING aj}:•The verbal {-ING vb} can usually occur after as well as before the noun it modifies as in:� I saw a burning house.� I saw a house burning.
1. The adjectival {-ING aj} can be preceded by a qualifier
Verbal Inflectional Suffix Tests
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1. The adjectival {-ING aj} can be preceded by a qualifier
(very) or by the comparative or superlative (more and
most), while the verbal {-ING vb} cannot.
� It is a very comforting thought.
� This is a more exciting movie.
* I saw a rather burning house,Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar
2. The adjectival {-ING aj} can occur after the verb ‘seems’,
but the verbal {-ING vb} cannot.
�The snake seems interesting.
�* The snake seems crawling.
Verbal Suffix Tests
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�* The snake seems crawling.
Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar
III. The verbal i*nflectional
•The verbal inflectional {-D pp } has a homophone
in the adjectival derivational {-D aj } as in:
�Helen was excited about her new job
�she was a devoted mother• The adjectival {-D aj } can be preceded by a
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• The adjectival {-D aj } can be preceded by a
qualifier (very, rather,quite) or (more & most) •The test of the verb (seem) is applicable to
adjectival {-D aj }, but not to verbal {-D pp}
�*The very departed guests had forgotten their dog.
�*The guests seem departed.
• The adverbial derivational suffix is added to most
adjectives to form adverb of manner as kindly, happily.
has as a homophone the derivational suffix {-LY aj} that is distributed as follows:
a. Added to monosyllabic nouns to form adjectives that are
inflected with –er, -est: love ���� lovely
IV.The adverbial derivational suffix
inflected with –er, -est: love ���� lovely
b. It is added to nouns to form adjectives that are not inflected
with –er, -est: king ���� kingly
c. It is added to few adjectives, giving alternate adjectival
forms that are also inflected with –er, -est : dead ����deadly
d. Added to a short list of time nouns to form adjectives : day
���� daily, month ���� monthly.10/5/2011 8Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar
10/5/2011 9Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar
