Supporting low emission and climate resilient economies, ecosystems and communities in europe and...

UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011

Regional Environment and Energy Practice, Europe and

Commonwealth of Independent States

© 2011 UNDP. All Rights Reserved Worldwide.

Proprietary and Confidential. Not For Distribution Without Prior Written Permission.

Supporting low emission and climate resilient

economies, ecosystems and communities in

Europe and CIS


The region: 28 countries


The Team

Environment and Energy Group - HQ

20 UNDP COUNTRY OFFICES + 5 UNDP OFFICES

Over 450 staff

Managing EUR

230 million in

257 projects

from GEF,

bilaterals, EC

REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY TEAM

Bratislava

http://europeandcis.undp.org/environment/

Energy, Infrastructur

e and Transport

Ecosystems, Land

and Natural

Resources

WaterChemicals

management Climate Change

Adaptation

http://europeandcis.undp.org/environment/


Low emission development

OBJECTIVES

The Regional Environment and Energy Strategy

Climate resilient economies,

communities and ecosystems

Energy, Infrastructure,

Technology and Transport

Chemicals

Biodiversity and Ecosystems

Water Governance

Climate Risk Management/

Adaptation

Thematic Areas

GOAL

Supporting countries to make a transition to low emission and

climate resilient development

Low emission development

strategies


Energy, Infrastructure, Technology and Transport

Objective:Countries adopt more sustainable pathways

to energy supply and use, maintain and

develop climate resilient infrastructure and

adopt sustainable mobility options; and do

all of this using the most appropriate

technologies

Renewable EnergyEnergy Efficiency

Transport Carbon Finance

Over USD 100 million


6

Project example: District Heating (DH) in Armenia

Heat meter installed at the entrance to an apartment in

Avan district of Yerevan

Multi-apartment panel

building with exhaust

chimney from gas heater

installed in one apartment

(not financed by the

project!)

Source: UNDP-GEF Project Report, photos by Grant Ballard-Tremeer

New legal and regulatory framework for

rehabilitation of DH systems

USD 10 mln direct foreign (private)

investments leveraged into new DH

system (Avan district of Yerevan, 213

buildings, 30.000 residents);

System features combined heat and power

facility, reconstructed network and

apartment level metered and regulated

system

400 new contracts siged between customers

and heat supply companies in the demo/

pilot areas based on apartment level heat

meters


Project example: Municipal Energy Efficiency in Croatia

Policy-level support: National EE Master-plan

Programme of Implementation 2008-2016

Energy Charter: signed by ALL towns and

counties in the Republic of Croatia

28 mln US$ of public financing leveraged for

EE measures in 30% of local government

buildings and 50% of central government

buildings.

63% of households switched to the use of CFL

bulbs

Project budget: 13 M US$ (on-going) with

UNDP/GEF contribution 4.6 M$

Energy Efficiency

Information Center

Energy Charter


Project Example: Energy Efficiency in Heat & Hot Water Supply

- Kazakhstan

90 associations of apartment

owners trained in energy efficient

building management

First private Energy Saving

Company (ESCOs) created in the

city of Karaganda

Four demonstration projects

providing for automated heat

supply point implemented with

annual energy saving up to 40%


9

UNDP’s work in Renewable Energy

Wind power: Kazakhstan

Biomass:

Slovakia, Belarus, Poland, BiH, Slov

enia, LatviaBiogas: Kyrgyzstan

Landfill Gas: Ukraine

Solar Water Heating: Albania

Small hydro power: Georgia,

Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Albania


Project Example: Tajikistan, Sustainable Energy to Support

MDGs

Up to 8 hrs/day spent

to collect fuel wood

by women/kids

Poor insulation

resulting in high heat

losses

Dysfunctional

drinking water

supply and

sanitation systems

1 mln people – up to 6 weeks without electricity in winter;

4-5 mln people – only 2-6 hours/day of power supply in winter

Rural residents (73% of population) consume only 8.5% of total power supply

Deforestation (up

to 90% forest loss)

and soil erosion

Inefficient cooking

stoves - indoor

pollution and health

risk

UNDP’s approach: to develop, pilot and scale-up integrated rural development

model based on provision of renewable energy and energy efficiency


Piloting integrated RE-EE based rural development

model, Vahdat district

Helping poor: provided with 1kW per household me100 poor

households seting their basic energy needs (lighting)

Sustaining livelihoods: Diary workshop established and

connected to new small hydro power plant providing for

sustainable source of income for local community

Improving social services: Energy consumption optimized and

secured in local hospital, school and kindergarten via wall and

roof insulation, installing PV and solar thermal systems

Strengthening local governance: Community-based public

utility organization set-up to provide for collective management

of local energy and water supply systems

Improving economic viability of small hydro power (SHP): SHP

plant connected to national grid to sell power in summer via

network synchronization and generator protection devices

Two small hydro power

units ( 2 X 500 kW)

Energy efficient retrofit

of hospital, school and

kindergarten

PV system on the roof

of hospital

Same on Tajik-

Afghan Border


Scaling-up integrated RE-EE based rural development model

Renewable Energy Law and by-laws:

- Technical regulations for connection

to the grid of SHP

- Methodology for calculating costs for

power form sHPP

- Contracting modalities for buying

back electricity from sHPP

National RE and EE fund:

- Incentive electricity buy-back price

for grid connected RES power plants

- Financial aid for community-based

RE/EE projects

Promoting Technology Transfer

Know how for O&M

Manufacturing capacity

Engineering services

~~

Private investors in Private investors in

small HPP:small HPP:

•Clear procedures and

regulation;

•Methodology for setting

tariffs

•Conditions for connection

to Barki Tajik network

Local communitiesLocal communities – model

for integrated development

MEDT

MoEI

SCI

Dep. Of

Statistics

MoEd, MoAg&Env, MoH

Jamoat Resource Center, …

IPP

Coordination mechanismsCoordination mechanisms

for PRS stakeholdersfor PRS stakeholders

Financial incentives!!!Financial incentives!!!

Law on the Use of RESLaw on the Use of RES

article 9. & article 14. obliges article 9. & article 14. obliges

Government to provide Government to provide

financial support financial support to RESto RES

Building governance capacity of relevant ministries

and state agencies to implement RE/EE-based

poverty reduction polices through the

establishment of an Inter-ministerial Task Force


Supporting the EE and CIS transition to low-

emission development: Regional Project

Assists RBEC countries to develop capacity to

formulate, mobilize finance and implement Low-

emissions Development Strategies (LEDS) or Nationally

Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)

Countries will be enabled to make policy and

investment decisions, that reduce GHG emissions,

reduce poverty, create new employment opportunities

and green jobs and move societies towards long term

sustainability.

• How to Guide on Low-emission development

strategies and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation

Actions: Eastern Europe and CIS – in English and

Russian

• Drafts of LEDS in Kazakhstan and Moldova, initiated in

Uzbekistan


1. Scoping and planning

2. Development or evaluation of baseline

and LED GHG emission scenario

3. Determination of mitigation options4. Assessment of

financing of mitigation options

5. Implementation, monitoring and MRV

Process of development of Low Emission Development

Strategies in Europe and CIS:

Identification of NAMAs requiring support

LED concept, inter-ministerial

coordination

List of NAMAs/PAMs


Climate Change Adaptation

Objective:

Promote climate resilient

development and climate risk

management

Early Adaptation

Actions

Central Asia

Climate Risk

Management

Territorial

Approach to

Climate Change

Climate Resilient

Strategies

Over USD 30 million


Project Example: Climate Risk Management in Central Asia

Objective: To promote adaptation and reduction of

climate-related disasters in CA and to

integrate CRM into core development

policy and strategies in CA

Innovation: Combining Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction to address climate

variability and climate change

15% of budget for Gender issues

USD 12 million, 2010-2014


Water Governance

Objective: to promote IWRM, transboundarydialogue and integration of water-aspects in national development

planning

Collective

management of

transboundary

water systems

Integrated Water

Resource

Management in

Central Asia

Over USD 20 million


Caspian Sea: Restoring Depleted Fisheries and Regional

Environmental Governance Framework

Ecosystem based management

- Sturgeon Gene Pool Conservation in the Sepidrud

River-Iran

- Conservation and Restoration of Caspian salmon

(Salmo trutta caspius) stocks in the Southern

Caspian

Strengthened regional environmental

governance:

- New protocols to the Teheran Convention:

biodiversity protocol, Oil Spills, Environmental

Impact Assessment and Pollution Control from Land

based Activities;

- Regional and National Strategic Convention

Action Plans;

- Unified Environment Monitoring Program


Promoting IWRM and Fostering Transboundary Dialogue in

Central Asia

Countries: Kazakhstan (Ili-Balkhash basin), Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan – and a regional component

Key areas of interventions: Rural water supply and sanitation, Small-scale hydropower solutions, Irrigation efficiency , Climate change resilience/adaptation, Transboundary cooperation and dialogue, and Capacity building

Period: 2009-2012; budget: 5.4 MUSD

Project results so far:-concept of the investments and tariffs development strategy in the irrigation sector,

-study of opportunities and needs of water user

-technical support to the water-sharing negotiations on transboundary waters,

- pilot projects in irrigation and rural water supply& sanitation sectors

http://www.centralasia.iwlearn.org/





Ecosystems and Biodiversity

Protected Areas:

expansion,

management

effectiveness, finance

Mainstreaming

biodiversity into

productive sectors

and landscapes

Ecosystem based adaptation and mitigation

Over USD 120 million in implementation

Sustainable Forest

Management

Sustainable Land

Management

Objective: to maintain and enhance the beneficial

services provided by natural ecosystems in order to secure livelihoods, food, water and health, reduce vulnerability to climate change, store carbon and avoid emissions

from LULUCF


Protected Areas Programme: coverage

Unleashing the economic potential of protected areas so that they are providing

ecosystem services, are climate resilient and sustainably financed (GEF, ICI)

Terrestrial Protected Areas

7 projects

Armenia

Georgia (2)

Montenegro

Romania

Serbia

Ukraine

4 projects

Albania

Russia

Turkey

Turkmenistan

_____________

Under preparation:

Azerbaijan

Croatia

System level: 6

Armenia

FYR Macedonia

Montenegro

Moldova

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Steppe: 4

Kazakhstan

Romania

Russia

Moldova

Forests: 6

Armenia

Bulgaria

Romania

Russia - Komi

Turkey

Uzbekistan

Wetlands: 6

Belarus

Kazakhstan

Latvia

Lithuania

Russia

Slovakia

Mountains: 4

Kazakhstan

Russia- Kamchatka

Russia-Altai Sayan

Tajikistan

Agrobiodiversity: 1

Kazakhstan

Tundra: 1

Russia - Taimyr

Marine PAs Finance


Protected Area Programme: Summary of Impacts

85 PAs in the process of being

established: 0.81 million ha

19 new PAs established:

2.6 million haImproved management effectiveness in

126 existing PAs of 9.7 million ha

9.1 million hectares in

10 Global 200 Ecoregions


Mainstreaming biodiversity into productive sectors and landscape to

ensure that production processes maintain essential ecosystem functions

Agriculture: 6

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Republic

Georgia

Lithuania

Slovakia

Tajikistan

Municipality land-use

planning: 1

Bosnia u Herzegovina

Signature program “Mainstreaming”: coverage

Fisheries: 1

Kyrgyzstan

National land-

use planning: 1

Belarus

Oil and gas: 2

Russia

Uzbekistan

Banking: 1

Croatia

Sectors Landscape


Mainstreaming Programme: Summary of Impacts

“Set asides”: 1 million ha

10.25 million ha productive

landscape within 9 Global 200

Ecoregions

Direct impact on 55.6 million ha

Market development support for

biodiversity friendly products in

5 countries


Project Example: Georgia: Forgotten crop varieties and landraces make a

comeback

189 households

cultivating land-races;

over 80% of these

households are

reporting higher pulse

diversity on-farm

28 land-races and varieties (52% of all for

Georgia) are now being used for subsistence

production and 7 (13% of all) are in

commercial use

seed multiplication system to

encourage local farmers to use and sow

local landraces

6 revived native legume crops are now

being sold to retailers on the local

market with a 10% premium compared

to the imported common beans


UNDP’s Ecosystem Approaches to Climate Change

ADAPTATIONAdvance ecosystem based CC adaptation solutions

as part of integrated adaptation investment strategies vital to reducing vulnerability of society

to climate change

MITIGATIONImplement ecosystem based CC mitigation

solutions that reduce emissions from LULUCF and enhance ecosystem sequestration capacities

RESILIENCEManage ecosystems to enhance their resilience to climate change, by maintaining functional diversity

and connectivity across landscape


Sustainable Forest Management in Komi, Russia: Managing

for Carbon storage and ecosystem

1.63 mln ha of virgin boreal carbon pools

unprotected

In natural state: they build up 2.8 mln tC/y

Without protection: they lose 135,000 tC/y

to fires and logging


Combining and sequencing sources of funding to achieve

multiple benefits in Komi

Komi’s boreal forests and peatlands are managed for ecosystem

services, carbon stocks and adaptation

Forest

Committee

Local

Authorities

Ministry of

Natural

Resources

Komi Republic

Institute of

Biology

Academia

Sever

gasprom

LUKOIL

Private sector

Ministry of

Natural

Resources

Russian Federation

PA network covers

unrepresented ecosystems,

is effectively managed and

financially sustainable.

PA network covers key carbon

pools, contributes to avoiding

emissions from forest fires and

is adapted to climate change


Sustainable Forest and Pasture Management in Greater

Caucasus, Azerbaijan

Objective

Sustainable land and forest management secures the flow of multiple

ecosystem services, including carbon storage and sequestration, while

ensuring ecosystem resilience to climate change.

Policy and legal Framework Models for SFM/SLM

Modifications in land and forest

legislation and policies/standards

for SLM and SFM at local and

national level

Improved management of 483,800

ha forest and 591,100 ha

pasturelands

Training and capacity development

Territorial plans

Sustainable land

management practices

Soil conservation measures

Agri-environmental incentives

– Payments for Ecosystem

Services

C storage enhancement

LULUCF and REDD+ Action

plan

Carbon Flow Monitoring

Protocols

Restoration: reducing grazing

and wood collecting pressure

of 5,000 ha degraded forests

and 9,000 ha of pastures


Improved connectivity: Adaptation to

CC through PAs and ecological

corridors

3. Landscape Level Management in Altai Sayan ecoregion:

CC mitigation and adaptation benefits in carbon rich forests

Fire Management: Minimizing human-

caused threats of fires to the carbon

pools

3.21 billion tones of Carbon


4. Peatland restoration in Belarus: multiple benefits


Peatland restoration in Belarus: key success parameter -

raise the water table to around 0 m

After renaturalizationBefore renaturalization

Drop in groundwater < 20 cm – irreversible change


Reduced annual emission of CO2 by

280,000 tons

Peatland restoration in Belarus: CC mitigation benefits

28,000 ha rewetted10 sites

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus.svg


• Presence of wetland plant associations up by 58-96%

• Water-bird species numbers up by 20-48% from pre-restoration figures

Peatland restoration in Belarus: biodiversity benefits



Peatland restoration in Belarus: economic benefits



• 30 to 80 USD/ha: Re-wetting, development of scientific rationale,

preparation of engineering design documentation, implementation of

restoration activities

• Lower than the funds needed for fire fighting or maintenance forestry

on degraded peatlands, or their transformation to agriculture.

• No new fires at restored sites: EUR 864,000 saved, spared suffocation

and respiratory diseases

Peatland restoration in Belarus: cost effectiveness



UNDP and UNEP Poverty and Environment Initiative

Land degradation

Over 40% agricultural land and

pastures are degraded;

over 85% of territory is eroded ---

Agriculture employs 65% of the

workforce

Food security and income

Natural disasters:

More than 90% of the country’s

territory is exposed to over 20

hazardous natural events and

processes

US$35 million in damages each

year

Water scarcity:

93% of domestically consumed

electricity from hydropower,

irrigation intensive agriculture ---

---- energy and food security,

income,

Climate change: rising

summer temperatures,

reduced winter precipitation,

loss of surface waters,

greater frequency of

droughts, land degradation,

and flooding.

1. Identification of links between poverty, economic development and environment

K

Y

R

G

Y

Z

S

T

A

N



2. Economic analysis: Assessment of economic costs and benefits, in

monetary and non-monetary terms, of sustainable and unsustainable natural

resource use.

PRO-POOR

ECONOMIC GROWTH

PRO-POOR

ECONOMIC GROWTH

ENVIRONMENTAL

INVESTMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL

INVESTMENT

achieving national and

sectoral economic growth

achieving national and

sectoral economic growthgenerating

public revenues

generating

public revenues reducing

expenditures

reducing

expendituresalleviating and

reducing poverty

alleviating and

reducing poverty meeting

the MDGs

meeting

the MDGs



3. Integration of poverty – environment nexus to development planning

and budgeting

Tajikistan

USD 900,000

Sustainable land management

14 district development programmes

District Trust Funds and micro-credits

PRS M&E framework

Next PRS (4)

Kyrgyzstan

USD 970,000 + 350,000 parallel

Sustainable pasture management

Province and village plans

UN / UNDP programming

Next Country Development Strategy

Debt for nature swaps mechanism

Armenia

Up to USD 200,000

Revision of Sustainable Development Programme


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Supporting low emission and climate resilient economies, ecosystems and communities in europe and...

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