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Introduction
Surface Water Pollution
The Yamuna River
Pollution in River
River Contamination
Preventions And Control
Reference
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The biggest major rivers of India are:→Flowing into the Bay of Bengal: Brahmaputra, Ganges, Meghna, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri→Flowing into the Arabian Sea: Indus, Narmada, Tapti
→Surface Water is water collecting on the ground or in a stream, river, lake, wetland, or ocean→A River is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river.
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There are three types of water pollution in river:i. Nutrient-basedii. Chemicaliii. Thermal
i. Nutrient-based Pollution Includes untreated human
sewage and agricultural run-off from phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers, serve as food for phytoplankton.
The river will gradually become eutrophified(oxygen-depleted)
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ii. Chemical Pollution Include heavy metals (zinc,
copper, chromium, lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic)
These substances bioaccumulationsiii. Thermal pollution
Includes numerous nuclear, coals or oil based power plants.
The heated waste water raises the water temperature
Another pollution is municipal sewage.
Burned coal ashes aoe flown affecting plants and human work.
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→Also known as Jamuna
→Total length of around 1370 km
is the largest tributary of the
ganges.
→Its source is at yamunotri in the
uttarakhand himalaya regions.
→It flows through the state of
Uttaranchal, Haryana, Delhi
And Uttar Pradesh
→It is no more a, “Maili Yamuna
But A Ganda Naalah”.
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•Agricultural residues, insecticides and pesticides
•People wash their clothes, utensils and defecate
•There are three main sources of pollution in the river
a. Households and municipal disposal sites
b. Soil erosion resulting
c. Chemical wash-off
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Haryana
a.Industrial effluents and untreated
sewage
b.Moderate levels of toxic metals
(nickel, lead, manganese, chromium,
mercury, zinc)
c.Contaminated water reaches the soil,
the vegetables growing in this soil
absorb the contaminants
d.The concentration of heavy metals
was found to be the highest in spinach,
followed by cauliflower and the least in
radish.
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Delhi
a.Discharges about 3,684 MLD (million liters per day) of
sewage through18 drains
b.Factories and people living in colonies, slums and rural
pollute the river with impunity because of untreated
water.
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Yamuna in Delhi is called dead river
Making vegetables hazardous to health
Causing cancer and skin problem
Releases Ammonia gas causes difficulty in breathing and
a permanent damage to lungs
Releases Hydrogen Sulphide gas (H2S) causes bronchitis,
asthma and headache
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Sudden deaths of about 156 Gharials in river Chambal
and thousands of fishes in the river between Vrindavan
and Mathura
Main cause of Eutrophication
The Delhi metro is losing its cool on the Yamuna stretch
due to the toxic river.
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Not discharging untreated sewage
and other industrial waste
Not dumping solid wastes,
garbage and medical wastes
Not using river banks as open
toilets
Not disposing dead human
bodies/animal carcasses in rivers
Not quarrying sand
Not washing vehicles
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Reducing agricultural run-off
Preventing or treating industrial
discharges
Preventing or treating municipal sanitary
sewage discharges
Preventing or treating municipal storm
water discharges
Preventing or controlling resource
recovery in river channels
Controlling shipping (ballast, swage)
discharges
Controlling marina operations
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Shepard Krech III, J.R. Mcneill, Carolyn Merchant (2003)
Encyclopedia Of World And Environmental History, Vol. 3,
1st Edition Routledge Publishers
M. G. Chitkara (1998) Encyclopedia Of Ecology,
Environment And Pollution, Ashish Publishing House
Yash Vardhan Jain Chetan Singh- Pollution In Yamuna
River PDF File
Central Pollution Control Board (Ministry of Environment
& Forests, Govt. Of India) (2006) Water Quality Status Of
Yamuna River (1999 – 2005) PDF File
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/
How_can_river_pollution_be_prevented
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