Survey of Criminology, Parts I & II Comprehensive Exam ... · of Research in Crime and Delinquency,...

Criminological Theory Reading List for Comprehensive Exam

Survey of Criminology, Parts I & II

Comprehensive Exam Reading List

Suggested Readers

Cullen, F.T., Wright, J.P., & Blevins, K.R. (2009). Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (Advances in Criminological Theory). Transaction Publishers. ISBN: 978-1412808569.

Lilly, J.R., Cullen, F. and Ball, R. (2015). Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences (6th Edition). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452258164.

Introduction to Criminological Theory: Austin, J. (2003). Why criminology is irrelevant. Criminology and Public Policy, 2, 557-564. Akers, R.L. (1999). Criminological theories: Introduction and Evaluation. Roxbury Publishing

Company. Chapter 1, 1-12. Bacharach, S. B. (1989). Organizational Theories: Some Criteria for Evaluation. Academy of

Management Review, 14, 496-515. Bursik, R. J. (2009). The Dead Sea scrolls and criminological knowledge: 2008 presidential address to

the American Society of Criminology. Criminology, 47, 5-16. Gibbs, J. P. (1987). The state of criminological theory. Criminology, 25, 821-840. Liska, A. E. (1990). The significance of aggregate dependent variables and contextual independent

variables for linking macro to micro theories. Sociology Psychology Quarterly, 53, 292-301.

Deterrence, Rational Choice and Routine Activities:

Key Works

Beccaria, C. On crimes and punishments. Any Edition. (Purchase.) Becker, G. S. (1974). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Essays in Economics of Crime

and Punishment. 1-54. Gibbs (1968). Crime, punishment, deterrence. Social Science Quarterly, 48, 515-530. Jacobs, B. A. (2010). Deterrence and Deterrability. Criminology, 42(2), 417-441.


Sherman, L. (1993). Defiance, deterrence, and irrelevance: A theory of the criminal sanction. Journal

of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(4). 445-473. Stafford, M. C. and Warr, M. (1993). A reconceptualization of general and specific deterrence. Journal

of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(2). 123-135. Zimring and Hawkins. (1973). Deterrence : The legal threat in crime control. Chicago, IL: University of

Chicago Press. 91-157. Empirical Evidence Akers, R.L. (1990). Rational choice, deterrence, and social learning theory in criminology: The

path not taken. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 81:653-676.

Anderson, L.S., T.G. Chiricos, & G.P. Waldo. (1977). Formal and Informal Sanctions: A Comparison of Deterrent Effects. Social Problems 25: 103-114.

Bachman, R., R. Paternoster, & S. Ward. (1992). The Rationality of Sexual Offending: Testing a Deterrence/Rational Choice Conception of Sexual Assault. Law and Society Review 26: 343-372.

Burkett, S.R., & D.A. Ward. (1993). A Note on Perceptual Deterrence, Religiously Based Moral

Condemnation, and Social Control. Criminology 31: 119-135. Decker, S., R. Wright, & R. Logie. (1993). Perceptual deterrence among active residential burglars: A

research note. Criminology 31:135-147. Foglia, W.D. (1997). Perceptual deterrence and the mediating effect of internalized norms among

inner-city teenagers. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 34:414-442. Grasmick, H.G., & R.J. Bursik, Jr. (1990). Conscience, Significant Others, and Rational Choice:

Extending the Deterrence Model. Law and Society Review 24: 837-861. Nagin, D.S. & G. Pogarsky. (2001). Integrating celerity, impulsivity, and extralegal sanction threats

into a model of general deterrence: Theory and evidence. Criminology 39:865-891. Nagin, N. (2013). Deterrence in the Twenty-First Century. Crime and Justice, 42(1), 199-263. Picket, J.T., Roche, S.P., and Pogarsky, G. (2017). Toward a Bifurcated Theory of Emotional

Deterrence. Criminology, 1-32. Piquero, A.R., Z. Gomez-Smith, & L. Langton. (2004). Discerning Unfairness Where Others May

Not: Low Self-Control and Unfair Sanction Perceptions. Criminology 42:699-733.


Piquero, A. & G. Pogarsky (2002). “Beyond Stafford and Warr’s Reconceptualization of Deterrence:

Personal and Vicarious Experiences, Impulsivity, and Offending Behavior”. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 39(2): 153-186.

Piquero, A.R., Bouffard, J.A., Piquero, N.L., and Craig, J.C. 2016. Does Morality Condition the

Deterrent Effect of Percieved Certainty Among Incarcerated Felons? Crime and Delinquency, 62(1), 3-25.

Routine Activities:

Aebi, M.F., Linde, A. (2014). The Persistence of Lifestyles: Rates and Correlates of Homicide in Western Europe from 1960 to 2010. European Journal of Criminology, 11(5), 552-577.

Brantingham, P., and Brantingham, P. (1995). Criminality of Place: Crime Generators and Crime

Attractors. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 3, 5-25. Browning, C.R., Calder, C.A. Boettner, B., and Smith, A. (2017). Ecological Networks and Urban

Crime: The Structure of Shared Routine Activity Locations and Neighborhood-Level Informal Control Capacity. Criminology, 55(4), 754-778.

Carroll, L. & P.I. Jackson. (1983). Inequality, Opportunity, and Crime Rates in Central Cities.

Criminology 21:178-94. Cohen, L. & M. Felson (1979). “Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity

Approach”. American Sociological Review, 44: 588-608. Felson, M. (1987). Routine Activities and Crime Prevention in the Developing Metropolis.

Criminology 25:911-31. Frith, M.J., Johnson, S.D., and Fry, H.M. (2017). Role of the Street Network in Burglars’ Spatial

Decision-Making. Criminology, 55(2), 344-376. Groff, E.R., Weisburd, D., and Yang, S. (2010). Is it Important to Examine Crime Trends at a Local

“Micro” Level?: A Longitudinal Analysis of Street to Street Variability in Crime Trajectories. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 26, 7-32.

Hewitt, A.N., Beauregard, E., & Davies, G. (2016). An Empirical Examination of the Victim-Search

Methods Utilized by Serial Stranger Sexual Offenders: A Classification Approach. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-26.

Lammers, M., Menting, B., Ruiter, S., & Bernasco, W. (2015). Biting Once, Twice: The Influence of

Prior on Subsequenct Crime Location Choice. Criminology, 53(3), 309-29. Leukfeldt, E. R. & M. Yar (2016). Applying routine activities theory to cybercrime: A theoretical and

empirical analysis. Deviant Behavior, 37(3), 263-280.


Mustaine, E. & R. Tweksbury (1998) “Predicting Risks of Larceny Theft Victimization: A Routine

Activity Analysis Using Refined Lifestyle Measures” Criminology, 36 (4): 829. Stults, B. J., & Hasbrouck, M. (2015). “The effect of commuting on city-level crime rates.” Journal of

Quantitative Criminology, 31, 331-350. Summers, L., & Johnson, S.D. (2017). Does the Configuration of the Street Network Influence

Where Outdoor Serious Violence Takes Place? Using Space Syntax to Test Crime Patter Theory. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33, 397-420.

Anomie and Strain:

Key Works

Baumer, E. P. (2007). Untangling research puzzles in Merton’s multilevel anomie theory. Theoretical Criminology, 11, 63-93.

Kornhauser, R. (1978). Social Sources of Delinquency. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Chapter 1. Merton, R. K. (1938). Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review, 3(5), 672-682. Merton, R. K. (1968). Social theory and social structure. New York: The Free Press.

Chapters 6 & 7. Agnew, R. (1985). A revised strain theory of delinquency. Social Forces, 64,151-167. Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency. Criminology,

30,47-87. Agnew, R. (2001). Building on the foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the types of

strain most likely to lead to crime and delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 319-361.

Agnew, R., Brezina, T., Wright, J.P., & Cullen, F. T. (2002). Strain, personality traits, and

delinquency: Extending General Strain Theory. Criminology, 40, 43-72. Bernard, T. J. (1984). Control criticisms of strain theories: An assessment of theoretical and

empirical adequacy. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 21(4), 353-372. Messner, S. F. & Rosenfeld, R. (1994). Crime and the American Dream. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

(Purchase).


Empirical Evidence

Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency. Criminology, 30,47-87.

Agnew, R., Brezina, T., Wright, J. P., & Cullen, F. T. (2002). Strain, personality traits, and

delinquency: Extending general strain theory. Criminology, 40, 43-72. Baumer, E.P., & Gustafson R. (2007). “Social Organization and Instrumental Crime: Assessing the

Empirical Validity of Classic and Contemporary Anomie Theories.” Criminology 45: 617-663. Broidy, L., and Santoro, W. (2018). General Strain Theory and Racial Insurgency: Assessing the Role

of Legitimate Coping. Justice Quarterly, 35(1), 162-189. Cernkovich, S.A., Giordano, P.C., & Rudolph, J.L. (2000). Race, crime, and the American Dream.

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 37(2), 131-170. Daniels, A.Z., and Holtfreter, K. (2018). Moving Beyond Anger and Depression: The Effects of

Anxiety and Envy on Maladaptive Coping. Deviant Behavior (Online-First). DeCoster, S., & Kort-Butler, L. (2006). How general is general strain theory? Assessing determinacy

and indeterminacy across life domains. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43, 297-325.

Dennison, C. R. (2016). “Keeping up with the Joneses?” How Perceived SES Moderates the

Relationship between Economic Problems and Instrumental Crime, Deviant Behavior, 37, 1118.

Hay, C. (2003). Family strain, gender, and delinquency. Sociological Perspectives, 46(1), 107-135. Hay, C. & Evans, M.M. (2006). Violent victimization and involvement in delinquency: Examining

predictions from general strain theory. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34, 261-274. Messner, S. & Rosenfeld, R. (1997). Political restrain of the market and levels of criminal homicide.

A cross-national application of institutional anomie theory. Social Forces, 75, 1393-1416. Paternoster, R. & Mazerolle, P. (1994). General strain theory: A replication and extension. Journal of

Research in Crime and Delinquency, 31, 235-263. Savolainen, J. (2000). Inequality, welfare state, and homicide. Further support for institutional

anomie theory. Criminology, 38(4), 1021-1042. Tittle, C. R., Broidy, L. M., & Gertz, M.G. (2008). Strain, crime and contingencies. Justice Quarterly,

25, 283-312.


Watts, Stephen J., & Thomas L. McNulty. 2013. “Childhood Abuse and Criminal Behavior: Testing

a General Strain Theory Model.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28, 3023-3040. Weld, D., and Roche, S.P. (2017). A Matter of Time: A Partial Test of Institutional Anomie Theory

Using Cross-National Time Use Data. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33, 371-395. Social Disorganization and Collective Efficacy:

Key Works

Burgess, E. W. (1967) [1925]. The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project. In R.E. Park and E. W. Burgess (Eds). The City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Chapter 2.

Kornhauser, R. (1978). Social sources of delinquency. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Chapter

3. Park, R. E. (1967) [1925]. –The city: Suggestions for the investigation of human behavior in the

urban environment. In R.E. Park and E. W. Burgess (Eds). The City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Intro and Chapter 1.

Park, R. E. (1967) [1925]. –Community organization and juvenile delinquency. In R.E. Park and E.

W. Burgess (Eds). The City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Chapter 5. Shaw, C. R. & McKay, H.D. (1972) [1942]. Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. Chicago, IL: University

of Chicago Press. Chapters 3, 6 & 7. Empirical Evidence

Browning, C., Feinberg, S.L. & Dietz, R.D. (2004). The paradox of social organization: networks, collective efficacy, and violent crime in urban neighborhoods. Social Forces, 83, 503-534.

Bruinsma, G.J., Pauwels, J.R., Weerman, F.M., & Bernasco, W. (2013). Social disorganization, social

capital, collective efficacy and the spatial distribution of crime and offenders. British Journal of Criminology, 53, 942-963.

Bursik, R. (1988). Social disorganization and theories of crime and delinquency: Problems and

prospects. Criminology, 26, 519–551. Bursik, R.J. & Grasmick, H. (1993). Neighborhoods and crime. Lexington, MD: Lexington. Chapters 1-2. Hipp, J. (2016). Collective Efficacy: How is it conceptualized, how is it measured, and does it really

matter for understanding perceived neighborhood crime and disorder? Journal of Criminal Justice, 46, 32-44.


Kubrin, C.E. & Weitzer, R. (2003). New directions in social disorganization theory. Journal of Research

in Crime and Delinquency, 40, 374-402. Markowitz, F.E., Bellair, P.E., Liska, A.E., & Liu, J. (2001). Extending social disorganization theory:

Modeling the relationships between cohesion, disorder, and fear. Criminology, 39,293-320. Osgood, D.W., & Chambers, J.M. (2000). Social disorganization outside the metropolis: An analysis

of rural youth violence. Criminology, 38, 81-115. Regoeczi, W.C., & Jarvis, J.P. (2013). Beyond the social production of homicide rates: Extending

social disorganization theory to explain homicide case outcomes. Justice Quarterly, 30, 983-1014.

Rose, D. & Clear, T.R. (1998). Incarceration, social capital and crime: Implications for the social

disorganization theory. Criminology, 36, 441-480. Sampson, R.J. (2013). The place of context: A theory and strategy for criminology’s hard problems:

2012 Presidential Address to the American Society of Criminology. Criminology, 51, 1–31. Sampson, R.J. & Groves, W.B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social

disorganization theory. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 774-802. Sampson, R.J., Morenoff, J.D., & Gannon-Rowley, T. (2002). Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”:

Social processes and new directions in research. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 443-78. Sampson, R.J., Raudenbush, S., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel

study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918-924. Steenbeek, W. & Hipp, J.R. (2011). A longitudinal test of social disorganization theory: Feedback

effects among cohesion, social control, and disorder. Criminology, 49, 833-871. Taylor, R.B. (1996). Neighborhood responses to disorder and local attachments: The systemic model

of attachment, social disorganization, and neighborhood use value. Sociological Forum, 11, 41-74.

Warner, B.D. (2007). Directly intervene or call the authorities? A study of forms of neighborhood

social control within a social disorganization framework. Criminology, 45, 99-128.


(Sub)cultural and Opportunity Theories:

Key Works

Cloward, R. A. & Ohlin, L. E. (1960). Delinquency and Opportunity: A Study of Delinquent Gangs. (Purchase).

Kobrin, S. (1951). The conflict of values in delinquency areas. American Sociological Review, 16, 653-

661. Kubrin, C. (2009). Chapter 9: Cultural Disorganization and Crime. In Challenging Criminological Theory:

The Legacy of Ruth Rosner Kornhauser.

Wolfgang, M. and Ferracuti, F. (1967). The subculture of violence: Toward an integrated theory in Criminology. London: Tavistock. Part III.

Empirical Evidence

Anderson, E.A. (1994). The code of the streets. Atlantic Monthly, May: 81-94. Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (1973). Values and violence: A test of the subculture of violence thesis. American

Sociological Review, 38, 736-49. Baron, S.W. (2016). It’s more than the code: Exploring the factors that moderate the street code’s

relationship with violence, Justice Quarterly, DOI:10.1080/07418825.2016.1182198. Baron, S.W. (2017). Street Youth, Social Schemas, and Crime. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 44, 1620-

1638. Bernard, T.J. (1990). Angry aggression among the “truly disadvantaged”. Criminology, 28, 73-96. Brezina, T. R., Agnew, R., Cullen, F. T., & Wright, J.P. (2004). The code of the street: A quantitative

assessment of Elijah Anderson’s subculture of violence thesis and tis contribution to youth violence research. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 2, 303-28.

Felson, R.B., Liska, A.E., South, S.J., & McNulty, T.L. (1994). The subculture of violence and

delinquency: Individual vs. school context effects. Social Forces, 73, 155-174. Intravia, J., Wolff, K.T., Stewart, E.A., & Simons, R.L. (2014). Neighborhood-level differences in

police discrimination and subcultural violence: a multilevel examination of adopting the code of the street, Journal of Crime and Justice, 37:1, 42-60.

Mears, D. P, Stewart, E.A., Siennick, S.E., & Simons, R. L. (2013). The code of the street and inmate

violence: Investigating the salience of imported belief systems. Criminology, 51, 695-728.


Mears, D. P, Stewart, E.A., Warren, P.Y., & Simons, R.L. (2016). Culture and formal social control:

The effect of the code of the street on police and court decision making. Justice Quarterly, DOI: 10.1080/07418825.2016.1149599

Messner, S.F. (1983). Regional and racial effects on the urban homicide rate: The subculture of

violence revisited. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 997-1007. Mitchell, M.M., Fahmy, C., Pyrooz, D.C., & Decker, S.H. (2017). Criminal Crews, Codes, and

Contexts: Differences and Similarities across the Code of the Street, Convict Code, Street Gangs, and Prison Gangs. Deviant Behavior, 38, 1197-1222.

Simons, R.L., & Burt, C.H. (2011). Learning to be Bad: Adverse Social Conditions, Social Schemas,

and Crime. Criminology, 49, 553-598. Stewart, E.A., & Simons, R.L. (2006). Structure and culture in African American adolescent violence:

A partial test of the “Code of the Street” thesis, Justice Quarterly, 23:1, 1-33 Stewart, E.A., & Simons, R.L. (2010). Race, code of the street, and violent delinquency: A multilevel

investigation of neighborhood street culture and individual norms of violence. Criminology, 48, 569-605.

Warner, B. (2003). The role of attenuated culture in social disorganization theory. Criminology, 41, 73-

98. Wilson, W.J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press. Part 1. Learning Theories:

Key Works

Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. Chapters 2 & 4.

Burgess, R. L., and Akers, R. L. (1966). A differential association reinforcement theory of criminal behavior. Social Problems, 14, 128-147.

Cressey, D. R. (1964). Delinquency, crime and differential association. The Hauge: M. Nijhoff.

Chapter 5.

Matsueda, R. L. (1997). ‘Cultural Deviance Theory’: The remarkable persistence of a flawed term. Theoretical Criminology, 1, 429-454.

Short, J. F. (1957). Differential association and delinquency. Social Problems, 4, 233-239.


Empirical Evidence

Burgess, R.L., & Akers, R.L. (1966). A differential association-reinforcement theory of criminal behavior. Social Problems, 14: 128-47.

Haynie, D.L., Doogan, N.J., & Soller, B. (2014). Gender, friendship networks, and delinquency: A

dynamic network approach. Criminology, 52, 688-722. Haynie, D.L., & Osgood, W.D. (2005). “Reconsidering peers and delinquency: How do peers

matter?” Social Forces, 84:1109-1130. Haynie, D.L., & Payne, D.C. (2006). Race, friendship networks, and violent delinquency. Criminology,

44, 775-805. Matsueda, R.L., & Anderson, K. (1998). The dynamics of delinquent peers and delinquent behavior.

Criminology, 36, 269–99. McGloin, J.M., & Shermer, L. (2009). Self-control and deviant peer structure. Journal of Research in

Crime and Delinquency, 46, 35–72. McGloin, J.M. (2009). Delinquency balance: Revisiting peer influence. Criminology, 2, 439-477. Payne, D.C., & Cornwell, B. (2007). Reconsidering peer influences on delinquency: Do less

proximate contacts matter?” Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 23,127-149.

Pratt, T.C. et. al. (2010). “The empirical status of Social Learning Theory: A meta‐analysis.” Justice Quarterly, 27:6, 765-802

Thornberry, T.P., Lizotte, A.J., Krohn, M.D., Farnworth, M., & Jang, S.J. (1994). “Delinquent peers,

beliefs, and delinquent behavior: A longitudinal test of interactional theory.” Criminology, 32, 47-83.

Warr, M. (1993). Parents, peers, and delinquency. Social Forces, 247-264. Young, J.T.N. (2011). How do they ‘end up together’? A social network analysis of self-control,

homophily, and adolescent relationships. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 27, 251-273. Young, J.T.N., Barnes, J.C., Meldrum, R.C., & Weerman, F.M. (2011). “Assessing and explaining

misperceptions of peer delinquency.” Criminology, 49, 599-630. Zimmerman, G.M., & Messner, S.F. (2011). Neighborhood context and nonlinear peer effects on

adolescent violent crime. Criminology, 49, 873-903.


Control Theories:

Key Works

Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. (Emphasis on Chapters 1 & 2, 6-12). (Purchase).

Reckless, W. C. (1961). A new theory of delinquency and crime. Federal Probation, 25, 42-46. Reiss, R. (1951). Delinquency as the failure of social and personal controls. American Sociological

Review, 16, 196-207. Sykes, G. & Matza, D. (1957). Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency. American

Sociological Review, 22, 664, 670. Gottfredson, M & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Focus on Chapters 2, 5 & 6. (Purchase). Tittle, C. R. Ward, D. A., & H. G. Grasmick. (2004). Capacity for self-control and individuals’

interest in exercising self-control. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20, 143-172. Wright, B. R. E. et al. (1999). Low self-control, social bonds, and crime: Social causation, social

selections, or both? Criminology 37, 479-514. Taylor, C. (2001). The relationship between social and self-control: Tracing Hirschi’s criminological

career. Theoretical Criminology, 5(3), 369-388. Empirical Evidence

Self-Control Beaver, K.M., Connolly, E.J., Schwartz, J.A., Al-Ghamdi, M., & Kobeisy, A.N. (2013). Genetic and

environmental contributions to stability and change in levels of self-control. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41, 300-308.

Benson, M.L., & Moore, E. (1982). Are white-collar and common offenders the same? An empirical

and theoretical critique of a recently proposed general theory of crim. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29,251-272.

Burt, C.H., Sweeten, G., & Simon, R.L. (2014). Self-control through emerging adulthood: Instability,

multidimensionality, and criminological significance. Criminology, 52, 450-487. Delisi, M., Hochstetler, A.L., & Murphy. (2003). Self-Control Behind Bars: A Validation Study of

the Grasmick et al. Scale. Justice Quarterly, 20(2): 241-263. Geis, G. (2000). On the absence of self-control as the basis for a general theory of crime: A critique.

Theoretical Criminology, 4, 55-69.


Grasmick, H.G., Tittle, C.R., Bursik, R.J., & Arneklev, B.J. (1993). Testing the core empirical

implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 5-29.

Hay, C. (2001). Parenting, self-control, and delinquency: A test of self-control theory. Criminology, 39,

707-736. Hay, C., & Forrest, W. (2006). The development of self-control: Examining self-control theory’s

stability thesis. Criminology, 44, 739-774. Hirschi, T., & Gottfredson, M. Commentary: Testing the general theory of crime. Journal of Research

in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 47-54. Meinert, J., and Reinecke, J. (2017). Self-control during adolescence: Examining the stability of low

self-control and the effects of parental social controls. European Journal of Criminology, 1-21.

Meldrum, R.C., & Hay, C. (2012). Do peers matter in the development of self-control? Evidence

from a longitudinal study of youth.” Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 41, 691-703. Na, C., & Paternoster, R. (2012). Can Self-Control Change Substantially Over Time? Rethinking

the Relationship between Self- and Social-Control. Criminology 50:427-462. . Social Control / Social Bonds Agnew, R. (1991). A longitudinal test of social control theory and delinquency. Journal of Research in

Crime and Delinquency, 28, 126-156. Agnew, R. (1993). Why do they do it? An examination of the intervening mechanisms between

‘social control’ variables and delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 245-266.

Cattarello, A.M., (2000). Community-level influences on individuals’ social bonds, peer associations,

and delinquency: A multilevel analysis. Justice Quarterly, 17, 33-60. Costello, B., & Vowell, P.R. (1999). Testing control theory and differential association: A reanalysis

of the Richmond youth project data. Criminology, 37, 815-842. Craig, J.M. (2015). Which bond matters more? Assessing the differential strengths of parental

bonding measures on adolescent delinquency over time. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice. Hay, C., Meldrum, R.C., & Piquero, A.R. (2013). Negative cases in the nexus between self-control,

social bonds, and delinquency. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 11, 3-25.


McQuillan, J., Berdahl, T.A., & Chapple, C.L., (2005). Gender, social bonds, and delinquency: A

comparison of boys’ and girls’ models. Social Science Research, 34, 357-383. Stewart, E.A. (2003). School social bonds, school climate, and school misbehavior: A multilevel

analysis. Justice Quarterly, 20, 575-604. Wiatrowski, M.D., Griswold, D.B., & Roberts, M.K. (1981). The weak strength of social control

theory. American Sociological Review, 46, 525-541. Wu, Y., Lake, R., & Cao, L. (2013). Race, social bonds, and juvenile attitudes toward the police.

Justice Quarterly, 32, 445-470. Neutralizations Agnew, R. (1994). The techniques of neutralization and violence. Criminology, 32, 555-580. Piquero, N.L., Tibbets, S.G., & Blankenship, M.B. (2004). Examining the role of differential

association and techniques of neutralization in explaining corporate crime. Deviant Behavior, 26, 159-188.

Ingram, J.R., & Hindaja, S. (2008). Neutralizing music piracy: An empirical investigation. Deviant

Behavior, 29, 334-366. Topalli, V., Higgins, G.E., & Copes, H. (2013). A Causal Model of Neutralization Acceptance and

Delinquency. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41, 553-573.

Conflict Theory, Symbolic Interaction, Labeling and Effects of Punishment:

Key Works

Becker, H. (1997) [1963]. Outsiders. New York, NY: Free Press. Chapters 1-3. Erikson, K. I. (1966). Wayward puritans: A study in the sociology of deviance. New York: Wiley. Chapter 1. Lemert, E. M. (1967). Human deviance, social problems and social control (2nd edition). Englewood Cliffs,

N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Chapter 3. Matsueda, R. (1992). Reflected appraisals, parental labeling, and delinquency: Specifying a symbolic

interactionist theory. American Journal of Sociology, 97, 1577-1611. Liska, Allen E. (1992). Social Threat and Social Control. Chapter 1, pp. 1-32. Paternoster, Raymond, & Leeann Iovanni. (1989). The labeling perspective and delinquency: An

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Life-Course Criminology: Foundations & Empirical Evidence

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Offender and Victim Overlap: The Correlates

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and the desire to punish. Social Forces, 85, 1255-1280. Lehmann, P.S., Chiricos, T., & Bales, W.D. (2016). Sentencing transferred juveniles in the adult

criminal court: The direct and interactive effects of race and ethnicity. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice.

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The effect of the code of the street on police and court decision making. Justice Quarterly, Forthcoming.

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American motorists. Justice Quarterly, 19, 399-430.


Pickett, J.T., & Chiricos, T. (2012). Controlling other people’s children: Racialized views of

delinquency and whites’ punitive attitudes toward juvenile offenders. Criminology 50, 673-710. Roth, D., & Muzzatti, S.L. (2004). Enemies everywhere: Terrorism, moral panic, and US civil

society. Critical Criminology, 12, 327-350. Schildkraut, J., Elsass, H.J., & Stafford, M.C. (2015). Could it happen here? Moral panic, school

shootings, and fear of crime among college students. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 63, 91-110.

Stewart, E.A., Martinez, R., Baumer, E.P., & Gertz, M. (2015). The social context of Latino threat

and punitive Latino sentiment. Social Problems, Forthcoming. Stults, B.J., & Baumer, E.P. (2007). Racial context and police force size: Evaluating the empirical

validity of the minority threat perspective. American Journal of Sociology, 113, 507-546. Ungar, S. (2001). Moral panic versus the risk society: Implications of the changing sites of social

anxiety. British Journal of Sociology, 52, 271-291. Wang, X. (2012). Undocumented immigrants as perceived criminal threat: A test of the minority

threat perspective. Criminology, 50, 743-776. Wang, X., & Mears, D.P. (2010). A multilevel test of minority threat effects on sentencing. Journal of

Quantitative Criminology, 26, 191-215. **In addition to the works listed above, CRJ70500 students should review all “Supplemental Readings” presented throughout the course of the spring semester which were provided weekly from the instructor and discussed at length in class.

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