Survey Operations – Pipeline Survey Operations – Pipeline Inspection
H d F t 13th A il 2011HydroFest 13th April 2011
Lee Blinco
Why Inspect?
AgendaDefinition of a Pipeline Types of SurveyP i i iPositioningData ProcessingTh F tThe FutureConclusions
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Legislation – Statutory
Why Inspect?InstrumentsCost of Failure
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h ?Why Inspect?
• Pipelines Safety Regulations 19961996
– To apply a common approach to the control of risks from pipelines, both on and offshore
– To replace existing pipeline safety regimes with a single goal-setting group of goal setting group of regulations reflecting the general policy of the HASAWA 1974
‘‘The operator shall insure that a pipeline is maintained in an p pefficient state, in efficient working order and in good repair.”
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h ?Why Inspect?
• Cost of Failure
– Environmental
– Loss of Production
R i / R l t t– Repair / Replacement cost
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Riser / Spoolpiece
Pipeline DefinitionRiser / SpoolpieceSealineLandfallLandfall
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l fPipeline Definition
• The Riser • The Riser
• The Spoolpiece
• The SealineThe Sealine
• The Landfall
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l f /S lPipeline Definition - Riser/Spoolpiece
• Can degrade rapidly due to
– Instability– Current– Wave ActionWave Action– Corrosion - electrical & chemical– Movement – Impact - Collision
• Inspection options
– Above sea level - RATS– Splash Zone - RATS / divers– Subsea - DP Vessel & ROVs– Subsea - Platform based ROVs
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l f S lPipeline Definition - Sealine
North Sea• 20,000+km “pipeline”• Pipelines: gas & oil & water• Umbilicals - electric, hydraulic, chemical
elementselements.• Cables - electrical & fibre optic• Multifunction pipeline bundles
At risk from• Anchors & Trawl gear• Instability• Instability• Current & Wave Action• Corrosion - electrical & chemical• Buckling (upheaval & lateral)
Main Types of Inspection• Buckling (upheaval & lateral)• Munitions• GI = Acoustic sensors
• GVI = Visual sensors
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l f df llPipeline Definition - LandfallThe part of the export pipeline in the inshore zone•TOB to @ 3km offshore•TOB to @ 3km offshore.•Through the inter-tidal zone.•Buried, rock-dumped or in conduit.•Protected•Protected
At Risk From:•Anchors & Trawl gear•Anchors & Trawl gear•Munitions•Very Strong Currents•Wave Action - to seabed•Wave Action - to seabed•Erosion / Deposition•Beach activities•Corrosion - chemical & electrical•Corrosion - chemical & electrical
Main types of InspectionConventional Inshore and Land Survey Methods
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Conventional Inshore and Land Survey Methods
l f df ll CPipeline Definition - Landfall Area Currents
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General Imaging (Acoustic)
Types of SurveyGeneral Visual InspectionLandfallRATSDiver
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f STypes of Survey
Inspection Survey Platform Type / Method Component Notes / Restrictions
Vi l Down to splash zoneRATS Platform based Visual - cameras
NDT techniques RiserDown to splash zoneWeather
DiverPlatform orDP l b d
Visual - camerasNDT techniques
RiserPipelineP i t t t
Depth, CurrentWeather, Sea state
DP vessel based NDT techniques Point structuresLandfalls
,HSE
Landfall GI Inshore survey vesselHull mountedAcoustic Pipelines
Inshore onlyWeather, tides
Landfall GI Inshore survey vessel AcousticCP snake
PipelinesSeastate @ 1mFishing gear
Structural GVIOil platform orDP survey vessel3 X E b ll ROV’
Visual – camerasNDT techniquesFMD
LegsStructural members
WeatherSea state @ 2m
3 X Eyeball ROV’s FMD Risers Current, Visibility
Pipeline GI Survey vesselROTV
Towed SSSAcoustic
PipelinesStructures
Seafloor structures onlyCannot stopCurrent restrictionsSeastate @ 2m
Pipeline GVIDP survey vesselWROV
DP follow subVisual – camerasCP
RiserPipelineStructures
Current restrictionsVisibilitySeastate @ 4.5 – 5 m
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f S GTypes of Survey – GI
Sensors
• Sidescan Sonar
Multibeam Echosounder• Multibeam Echosounder
• Single Beam Echosounder
• Sub-Bottom ProfilerSub Bottom Profiler
• Magnetometer
Sensor Platforms• Vessel
• Towfish
• ROTV
• AUV
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• AUV
f S GTypes of Survey – GI
Side Scan Sonar - Interpretation
Mar
k
elin
e
bed
TX
M
Pip
e
Sca
r
66.7ms53.3ms40ms26.7ms13.3ms0ms
Sea
b
0m 50m40m30m20m10mTow Fish
0m 50m40m30m20m10mSeabed
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0m 50m40m30m20m10m
f S GTypes of Survey – GI
ve
le
ctio
n O
f T
rav
Dire
T1
T2
Surface
Sidescan
Side Scan SonarRs
Ls
Hf
HtSeabed
Side Scan SonarMeasurement
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Seabed
f S GTypes of Survey – GI
ASide Scan SonarPipe in contact with the seabed
B
ATypical Pipeline Fingerprints
Pipe in area of shallow scour
Pipe clearly spanning
C
B
Pipe in area of shallow scour
Pipe in suspension in scour trenchD
Pipe with seabed buildup away from sonarE
Pipe with seabed buildup towards sonar
F
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f S GTypes of Survey – GI
Multibeam Bathymetry
Point soundings used to create DTM
Shaded Relief and or Contours created from DTM
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f S GTypes of Survey – GI
Multibeam BathymetryMultibeam system suitability depends on footprint size- system specification and depth below the transducer array
0.5m Footprint0.5m Footprint
1.5m Footprint
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f S GTypes of Survey – GVI
Typical Focus Areas
• Lay comfort
• Freespans
• Pipeline damage
• Debris
• Anodes and cathodic protection
• Seabed features and targets• Seabed features and targets
• Pipeline and cable crossings
• Lateral movement• Lateral movement
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f S GTypes of Survey – GVI
Sensors
•Cameras
•Depth
•Altitude
•Cross Profilers
•Pipetrackers
MBE Bathymetry•MBE Bathymetry
•SSS
•Cathodic Protection•Cathodic Protection
•Temperature
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f S df llTypes of Survey – LandfallSensors and Methods
S th•Swathe
•Sidescan
•Sub bottom profiler•Sub bottom profiler
•Trailing Wire CP
•RTK GPS
•Small ROV
•Divers
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f S d lTypes of Survey – Risers and spoolsSensors and Methods
R A T b • Rope Access Teams above splashzone
• Cameras on poles / divers in splash zone
• Eyeball ROV to the seabed -Vessel or platform deployedVessel or platform deployed
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Surface
PositioningSurfaceSub SurfaceTimingTiming
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PositioningSurface
GNSS RTCM PPP• GNSS – RTCM, PPP
• RTK
• INS – IMU/Heading• INS – IMU/Heading
• Range bearing systems
Sub Surface• USBL
• INS
• IMU
• Doppler Log
• Pressure Sensor
CTD/SVP
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• CTD/SVP
Navigation Sensor Data
Data Processing Pipeline EventsData Formatting/DeliverablesQCData Storage
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Data Processing
P N i ti • Process Navigation – remove outliers, run filter
• Process Depth/Pipetracker –apply tidal correction
• Clean Cross Profiler/MBE data
C t 5 i t fil• Create 5 point files
• Review and Event Video
• SSS Target Interpretation• SSS Target Interpretation
• Create Charts/Report
• Format data for client specified pdeliverable
• Data management
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Data Processing
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Data ProcessingWhat the client wants
• Significant features - 24hrs
• All observable anomalies 7 • All observable anomalies - 7 days
• Survey report and all events -4 weeks
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Data ProcessingAnomalies
Identify Pipeline features that:
•Fall outside given criteria•Fall outside given criteria
•Cause concern for the integrity of the pipe
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Data Processing
Integrity Management
• Historical data allows trend analysistrend analysis
• Drill down to detail
• Plan future InspectionsPlan future Inspections
• Plan remedial works
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Video
The FutureVideoAIVGISGIS
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hThe Future
VideoVideo
•HDHD
•3D
•LED Lighting
Challenge
•Huge bandwidth and data volumevolume
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hThe Future - AIV
• Provides a cost-effective, low-risk inspection system to aid field inspection system to aid field survey and integrity management and intervention activities
• Operates directly from a host facility e.g. FPSO, platform or infield support vessels infield support vessels
• The AIV has no tether which enhances vehicle manoeuvrability and the capability to access confined spaces
• The AIV carries an array of • The AIV carries an array of navigation tools and sensors that are powered by its own onboard battery power source
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battery power source.
hThe Future
GISGIS
• Slow adoption in the Oil Industry
• Can be delivered across the internet
• Repository for all pipeline data Repository for all pipeline data with a spatial component
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Pipeline inspection is a mature business
Methodologies for the use of the currenttools are well established
New technology continues to deliver cost
SummaryNew technology continues to deliver costand efficiency benefits along withimplementation challenges
The client in the office is getting closerThe client in the office is getting closerand closer to the data
Control of multiple surveys through onecontractor produces consistent resultscontractor produces consistent results
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seabed-to-surfaceb 7
10.01.11 37Page
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