Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

Volume 1

Series EditorKishan Gopal RamawatUdaipur, India

This book series provides complete, comprehensive and broad subject based re-views about existing biodiversity of different habitats and conservation strategies in the framework of different technologies, ecosystem diversity, and genetic di-versity. The ways by which these resources are used with sustainable management and replenishment are also dealt with. The topics of interest include but are not restricted only to sustainable development of various ecosystems and conservation of hotspots, traditional methods and role of local people, threatened and endangered species, global climate change and effect on biodiversity, invasive species, impact of various activities on biodiversity, biodiversity conservation in sustaining liveli-hoods and reducing poverty, and technologies available and required. The books in this series will be useful to botanists, environmentalists, marine biologists, policy makers, conservationists, and NGOs working for environment protection.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11920

Dinesh K. MaheshwariEditor

Bacterial Diversity in Sustainable Agriculture

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ISSN 2352-474X ISSN 2352-4758 (electronic)ISBN 978-3-319-05935-8 ISBN 978-3-319-05936-5 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-05936-5Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014942444

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply , even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

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EditorDinesh K. MaheshwariDept. of Botany and Microbiology Gurukul Kangri UniversityHaridwar (Uttarakhand) India

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Preface

Agricultural sustainability requires a major slave from ecosystem management which is better paid by microbial diversity in general and bacterial diversity in par-ticular. Diversity of bacteria influences crop productivity providing nutrient conve-nience from soil instead altering per se community and diversity in the rhizosphere where they may influence mechanistic component with deleterious microflora.

Bacteria are minute, pervasive in nature and alleged as disease host instead of being tiny organisms and are recognized as employee of agro-biological ecosystem indulge in agricultural development. The diverse nature proved them as potential contributors in world of ecological and economical wealth creation. This step per-tinently may help to launch the scientific motivation required for support to refrain of microbial diversity and conservation.

The present book has 13 chapters that cover various facets of current scientific scenario on bacterial diversity that are associated with agro-ecosystem, so as to benefit plants for sustainable agriculture. The agro-ecosystem enriched with rhizo-sphere implicit abundant and species-rich component of beneficial diversity. A due account is provided with respect to global biological significance of diversity of actinobacteria, rhizobia and bacteria from vermicompost, which have an ecological significance. Besides natural microorganisms, role of cold tolerant bacteria from Himalayan region and osmotolerant from coastal region have suitably described. Transgenic Bt cotton on the soil microbial diversity and other related functions has also been included. Microbial population in agro-ecosystem is essential and is subjective to their maintenance for use around the globe. It is therefore, important to explore secrets of culture independent diversified microbial communities for im-provement in agricultural system with economically sound production of human food and animal feed.

This book will be useful for students, teachers and researchers but also to those interested to strengthen subjects of microbiology, ecology, phytopathology, physiol-ogy, environmental biology and NGO’s working for the protection of species, loss of genetic material and consequently overall agricultural sustainability.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the subject experts for their much needed co-operation authoritative and up to date information organized in a befitting manner. I acknowledge with thanks the assistance rendered by my Ph.D.

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students Shrivardhan, Mohit, Chitra and Garima. I am also thankful to University Grant Commission, New Delhi and UCOST, Dehradun for their support in execu-tion of my research projects on microbial diversity as a prelude to lay foundation for compilation of the volume like this. I extend thanks to Dr. Valeria Rinaudo from the publisher Springer for her valuable support. Last but not the least, I owe thanks to my wife Dr. Sadhana and my children Dr. Charul and Ashish for taking care of me during this project.

Dinesh K. Maheshwari‘Basant Panchmi’Haridwar, India

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Contents

1 Trends and Prospects of Microbial Diversity in Rhizosphere .............. 1Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari, Mohit Agarwal and Shrivardhan Dheeman

2 Diversity Utility and Potential of Actinobacteria in the Agro-Ecosystem ........................................................................................ 23Govindan Selvakumar, Periyasamy Panneerselvam and Arakalgud Nanjundaiah Ganeshamurthy

3 Diversity of Plant Associated Actinobacteria ........................................ 41Brahim Bouizgarne and A. Ait Ben Aouamar

4 Root-Nodule Bacteria of Legumes Growing in Semi-Arid African Soils and Other Areas of the World .......................................... 101Flora Pule-Meulenberg

5 Genetic Diversity of Soybean Root Nodulating Bacteria ..................... 131David L. Biate, Lakkineni Vithal Kumar, D. Ramadoss, Annu Kumari, Satish Naik, Kiran K. Reddy and Kannepalli Annapurna

6 Diversity and Function of Bacterial Assemblages in Savanna Vegetation Soils ........................................................................................ 147Elisa Caldeira Pires Catão, Fabyano Alvares Cardoso Lopes, Maria Regina Silveira Sartori da Silva, Renata Henrique Santana, Mercedes Maria da Cunha Bustamante and Ricardo Henrique Krüger

7 Diversity of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Associated with Maize ( Zea mays L.) ..................................................... 167Letícia Arruda, Anelise Beneduzzi, Bruno Lisboa, Luciane Passaglia and Luciano K Vargas

8 Transgenic Cotton and Its Impact on Microbial Diversity .................. 191Kulandaivelu Velmourougane and D. Blaise

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9 Microbial and Functional Diversity of Vermicompost Bacteria .......... 205Jayakumar Pathma and Natarajan Sakthivel

10 Diversity of Cold Tolerant Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from North Western Himalayas ................................. 227Piyush Joshi, Gopal Krishna Joshi, Tanuja, Pankaj Kumar Mishra, Jaideep Kumar Bisht and Jagdish Chandra Bhatt

11 Osmotolerant Microbial Resources of Saline Ecologies of India: Dynamics and Potential ................................................................ 265Jayashree Rath and T. K. Dangar

12 Culture Independent Diversity Analysis of Soil Microbial Community and their Significance ......................................................... 305Bidisha Sharma, Diganta Narzary and Dhruva Kumar Jha

13 The Importance and Application of Bacterial Diversity in Sustainable Agricultural Crop Production Ecosystems ....................... 341Noah Rosenzweig

Index ................................................................................................................ 369

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Contributors

Mohit Agarwal Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Kannepalli Annapurna Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

A. Ait Ben Aouamar Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University bn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco

Letícia Arruda Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Anelise Beneduzzi Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

David L. Biate Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

Jagdish Chandra Bhatt Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

Jaideep Kumar Bisht Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

D. Blaise Division of Crop Production, Central Institute for Cotton Research, ICAR, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Brahim Bouizgarne Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University bn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco

Mercedes Maria da Cunha Bustamante Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil

Elisa Caldeira Pires Catão Department of Cellular Biology, Program of Microbial Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil

T. K. Dangar Microbiology Laboratory, Crop Production Division, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Orissa, India

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Shrivardhan Dheeman Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Arakalgud Nanjundaiah Ganeshamurthy Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, India

Dhruva Kumar Jha Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India

Piyush Joshi Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

Tata Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India

Gopal Krishna Joshi Department of Biotechnology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Jammu Kashmir, India

Annu Kumari Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

Lakkineni Vithal Kumar Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

Ricardo Henrique Krüger Departament of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil

Bruno Lisboa Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Fabyano Alvares Cardoso Lopes Department of Cellular Biology, Program of Microbial Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil

Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Flora Pule-Meulenberg Department of Crop Science and Production, Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana

Pankaj Kumar Mishra Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

Diganta Narzary Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India

Satish Naik Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

Jayakumar Pathma Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India

Luciane Passaglia Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Periyasamy Panneerselvam Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, India

xiContributors

D. Ramadoss Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

Jayashree Rath Microbiology Laboratory, Crop Production Division, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Orissa, India

Kiran K. Reddy Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

Noah Rosenzweig Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

Natarajan Sakthivel Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India

Renata Henrique Santana Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil

Maria Regina Silveira Sartori da Silva Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil

Bidisha Sharma Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India

Govindan Selvakumar Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, India

Tanuja Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

Kulandaivelu Velmourougane Division of Crop Production, Central Institute for Cotton Research, ICAR, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Luciano K Vargas Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil