Sustainable solutions (synergies) for large scale...

EKOS; Sustainable groundwater sol., Sao Paulo 0ctober 20th 2010 1

Marc van Tulder

Sustainable solutions (synergies) for large scale

Groundwater contaminationsLatest developments in groundwater remediation in the Netherlands


Large scale groundwater contaminations

A complex issue ?

Contaminação e áreas de restriçãode uso de águasubterrânea no entorno do Canal Jurubatuba emSão Paulo - SP


Presentation

1. Scope of the large scale contaminatedgroundwater plumes

2. Case ‘Inner city of Utrecht’3. Case ‘City of Apeldoorn’4. Conclusions


3

Scope; what is a large scalegroundwater contamination ? 3

1 = source(fixed phase)2 = source(liquid/soluble phase)3 = plume(soluble phase)

1 > 80% load2 small load3 minimal load (< 10%)

1 2

1

3

From above

Cross section

2

surface


Scope; where and what ?

130 large areas of groundwatercontaminated with chlorinatedsolvents (VOCL) oraromatic compounds (BTEX)

10 – 60/100 depth(m)250 – 3000 m length(m)10 – 500 area(ha)1 – 100 million volume(m3)


Scope; the complexityof large low load contaminated plumes

- many owners- mingled plumes- conc’s above treshold values- high cost for traditional

remediation- remediation will take

many years

but:- low risk profile- showing some degree of

natural biodegradation


Result: Stagnation/paralysis

Dutch Soil Protection Law:‘no further spreading allowed’

Any action in groundwater will causefurther spreading >remediation is required

No party will:- invest- develop- remediate

(very costly/open end)

Change is required!


Two examples of synergies(multiple groundwater usage)(combining interests)

• 130 areas

• Mainly chlorinated

solvents

Utrecht Apeldoorn


Case 1: Groundwatermanagement in Utrecht


Area of concern; Central Station Utrecht

Centre

r = ~1,4 km

A = ~ 6 km2


Groundwatercontamination

Type of contaminants:• ~50 million m3 groundwater• mainly chlorinated solvents• multiple sources and plumes• to great depth (~ 50 m bls)• overlapping plumes• poor delineation, almost impossible to delineate• Impossible to remediate cost-effectivelyGeology:• permeable, deep aquifer• large plumes stretching to the aquitard at 50 m bls


• Extracting/Circulating/Moving contaminated groundwater• Initiators (builders, developers) have to prevent spreading• Building plans/other developments that use groundwater cease• Several projects delayed, one project cancelled• Severe consequences for the spatial development of the

city

Problem: Stagnation of developments!

source: Rabobank

• Extracting/Circulating/Moving contaminated groundwater• Initiators (builders, developers) have to prevent spreading• Building plans/other developments that use groundwater cease• Several projects delayed, one project cancelled• Severe consequences for the spatial development of the city


Individual plume approach versusGroundwater management zoning



The concept: groundwater management zoning

LET GO OF INDIVIDUAL CASES OF CONTAMINATION AND LOOK AT THE BIGGER PICTURE

• Enable efficient use of the subsurface (renewable energy!)• Try to make use of activities to remediate instead of letting projects stagnate!• Conditions:

- Bio degradations keeps track with spreading/velocity- No sensitive/vulnerable use of groundwater nearby (drinking water

pumping station etc.)


“Open” (groundwater) system: Doublets

Heat cold storage system(lower energy consumption)


Heat cold storage system


Sustainability

3,05.300.000570.000Heat cold storage (HCS)

6,02.400.0002.900.000Traditional heating and airco

CO2(ktonnes)

Electricity(kWh)

Gas (m3)

• CO2 reduction of 3,0 ktonnes for heating/cooling

• Extra costs for remediation are very low:

• monitoring

• fall back scenario


Projected HCS-wells 15-45 m-bgs Vinylchloride at 15-30 m-bgs

Synergy: combine HCS and remediation

20

Bio washing machine

Modelling results : VC-Plume at the Layer from 15 to 30 m bgl

Groundwater

Concentration

VC [µg/l]

10005001005010510

15 years (calculated)0 years – Initial Concentration (interpolated) 30 years (calculated)

Half-life time: 20 yearsRetardation: 1,04 [-]

Influence Heat–Cold-StorageSystem

N NN


Conclusions in Utrecht case

• Road is paved for efficient use and management of groundwater in the Stationsgebied

• The municipality of Utrecht is the first city in the Netherlands to actually bring a groundwater management plan and a zoned groundwater approach from the drawing board into reality

• ARCADIS:- Modelling of contaminant fate with 30 sources, 90 heat cold wells;- Remediation and groundwater management zoning plan- Consulting on policy implementation


Concept in Utrecht case

Goals of groundwater zoning = CPR- Combine interests and funds

- HCS- Dewatering for construction- Remediation

- Protect the surroundings (outside the zone)- What is clean must stay clean- Have a fallback scenario

- Remediate / removal of load of contaminants


Zoning of the underground of city of Apeldoorn & Ugchelen combined waterplan (high VOCL)

• Mainly chlorinated solvents to >100 m• Groundwater zoning management

Ugchelen


VOCL contaminationvarious plumes


Active strategy by municipalityFocus on ‘plume with high load’Agreement between parties that have groundwater interests in Ugchelen:Industries, Municipality, Province and Water Authority

Synergy by: • Groundwaterquality/remediation• Lowering high groundwater levels• Extraction of process water /cooling• Facilitating Heat Cold Storage• Reactivation of springs/brooklets


Complex process to come to agreement:Many workshops and bilateral talks !

3 Alternativeseach with a differtent startingpoint:

1.Containment2.Ecological3.Economical

Wide set if criteria:•Decreasecontaminants

•Multiply water use•Reduction of waste and use non renewables

•Reduction of flooding•Nature development•Cost•Aftercare•Risk of failure

Municipalitycreates a company todeliver the energyand water


Synergy; multiple water usage

Contaminant plume 1

Brooklet Eendrach-spreng

115m3/h

AEP + purification

14-15C Max. 25C

Multiple use of groundwater

115m3/h

Building CAEP industry 14-15C Max. 25C

1. Remediation plume 1

2. Heating and cooling C

3. Process water AEP industries

4. Reactivation of Brooklet Eendrachtspreng

5. Lowering of Groundwater level

Contaminant plume 1

Brooklet Eendrach-spreng

115m3/h

AEP + purification

14-15C Max. 25C

Multiple use of groundwater

115m3/h

Building CAEP industry 14-15C Max. 25C

1. Remediation plume 1

2. Heating and cooling C

3. Process water AEP industries

4. Reactivation of Brooklet Eendrachtspreng

5. Lowering of Groundwater level

Lozing op sprengLozing op spreng


Conclusions for Ugchelen case

- look and analyse beyond the environmentalscope- try to combine interests in the area- use a broad spectrum of criteria looking for the optimum(economy, environment, people)- Agency or municipality has to take the lead


ConclusionsLarge scale contaminated groundwater plumes

Options for change:

Groundwater contamination zone management- it facilitates developments- with large groundwater volumes pumpedit becomes a bio washing machine = long term remediation

Multiple groundwater useis a sustainable option forremediation of a largescale plumes

Both options are driven by synergies of remediation with; HCS, dewatering, industrial water supply, rehebilitating the environment/nature.


Discussion

Concepts for large scale contaminatedgroundwater plumes

- Groundwater contamination management zoning- Multiple groundwater usage

Options for Brazil:

Industry ?Municipality?Evironmental agency?

Who wants to take on the long term responsibility ?

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