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Swedish Post and Telecom Authority
Efficient spectrum awards and use
Joakim Persson, PTS, Sweden
Mobile coverage - population and area
Source: PTS, Operator coverage maps, European Commission, Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2014
Handheld outdoor
Pop Area
Voice >99,9%
84%
1 MBps 99% 39%
10 MBps
98% 42%
30 MBps
61% 2%
All operators handheld outdoor
Mobile internet access and mobile broadband
penetration
Source: GSMA Intelligence 2013, European Commission, Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2014
Early years• 1G
• 1980s, analogue• Niche market, McKinsey: ”900 000 subscribers in US
2000”• Televerket (now TeliaSonera) incumbent government
de-facto monopolist, spectrum management, ”only market space for one operator”
• Tele2 establishes NMT900• 2G
• GSM 1990s, digital, pan-European harmonised de-facto standard
• PTS established and takes over spectrum management from Telia
• Telia + Tele2: ”only market space for two operators”• Europolitan (later Vodafone, Telenor) establishes 3rd
GSM-network
Later years• 3G
• Sweden in EU 1994, new legal framework• UMTS 2000, ”broadband”• Beauty contest 2000, 4 licences (Tele2, Europolitan, HI3G,
Orange)• ”100%” population coverage = 8 860 000 people => Large
number of sites
• Network sharing: SUNAB (Telia+Tele2), 3GIS (Europolitan+HI3G)
• National roaming HI3G in Europolitan/Vodafone GSM• Orange returns license, spectrum divided among the other
three• Other beauty contests for 4th GSM license, FWA etc.• New Electronic Communications Act 2003 enables auctions• 450 MHz auction 2005, CDMA2000• HSPA 2007 ”real” broadband met real demand
Today• 4G
• Digital dividend – refarming of 800 MHz broadcasting spectrum
• A number of auctions 2007-2011 for 4G (LTE/WiMax), fixed link-spectrum/backhaul
• Re-assignment / prolongation / refarming of GSM-bands for UMTS/LTE etc.
• World’s first LTE-networks in Sweden and Norway by TeliaSonera 2009
• Large scale spectrum trading:• Tele2 & Telenor pools 2G/4G spectrum in Net4Mobility JV
(800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2.6 GHz)• 2.6 GHz 50 MHz TDD, Intel => HI3G
Band Year Format Blocks Cap Minimum bid
Participants
Winners Winning bids (MSEK)
System/ Consultants
Notes
450 MHz 2005 Single round sealed bid first price
1 block x 2 x 1.8 MHz FDD
1 license 1 SEK 5 1, Nordisk Mobil Telefoni AB
86 MSEK Later expanded to 2x5 MHz
3.6-3.8 GHz
2007 Simultaneous multi round ascending with switching
290 regions (municipal) x 4 blocks x 40 MHz(2 FDD & 2 TDD/ region)
1 40MHz-block per region
0.005 SEK/ MHz & pop
50 44 4.4 MSEK for 402 out of 1160 licences
Optimal Auctions, NERA
2.5-2.69 GHz
2008 SMRA with switching
14 blocks x 2 x 5 MHz FDD, 1 block x 50 MHz TDD
140 MHz 0.03 SEK/ MHz & pop
5 5, TeliaSonera, Tele2, Telenor, HI3G, Intel
2.1 Bn SEK
DotEcon
1900-1905 MHz
2008 Single round sealed bid first price
1 block x 5 MHz TDD
1 license 1 SEK 2 1, iBand 0.19 MSEK
28 GHz 2009 Clock auction
18 blocks x 2 x 28 MHz
8 blocks 50 000 SEK / block
3 3, Net4Mobility, TeliaSonera, HI3G
0.91 MSEK
PGP-encrypted e-mail1 EUR ≈ 9 SEK
Band Year Format Blocks Cap Minimum bid
Participants
Winners Winning bids (MSEK)
System/ Consultants
Notes
3.6-3.8 GHz II
2009 Limited combinatorial single round sealed bid first price, several auctions for clearing
758 municipal blocks x 40 MHz (FDD and TDD), 2 national blocks x 20 MHz (FDD/TDD)
- 1 SEK 6 6 4.3 MSEK for 118 licences
Left-over licences assigned according to first come-first served
10.5 GHz 2011 Full combinatorial single round sealed bid first price
3 blocks x 2 x 28 MHz
- 1 SEK 1 1, HI3G 4 MSEK for 2 blocks
3.4-3.6 GHz
2011 Single round sealed bid first price
13 regional (county) blocks x 2 x 28 MHz
- 1 SEK 1 1 0.1 MSEK for 1 license
800 MHz 2011 SMRA with switching
6 Blocks x 2 x 5 MHz FDD
2 blocks, 2x10 MHz
1.6 SEK/ MHz & pop
5 3, Net4Mobility, TeliaSonera, HI3G
2.05 Bn SEK
Computech
1 block with 300 MSEK of auction proceeds as roll-out obligation in appointed areas (1 Mbps broadband for households and companies)
1800 MHz
2011 Clock auction, Vickrey-Clarke-Groves placement round
7 blocks x 2 x 5 MHz FDD
- 0.1 SEK/ MHz & pop
3 2, Net4Mobility, TeliaSonera
1.35 Bn SEK
Optimal Auctions, NERA
1 EUR ≈ 9 SEK
Today’s challenges• Consumers’ rising dependence and expectations
of mobile coverage/capacity• Mobile behaviour, fixed-mobile substitution• Rural, in-door• Coverage is not about dBµV/m outdoors - it is based on
the consumer experience • “if it’s not working – it’s bad coverage”
• Long-term effects on competition of consolidation, network sharing, spectrum pooling?
• What is 5G supposed to be?