Dr. Hugh Melvin,
Discipline. of Information Technology, National University of Ireland, Galway
(email: [email protected])
http://pel.it.nuigalway.ie
http://pel.ucd.ie
Synchronisation Challenges for SmartGrid
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF
Dublin 20101
Outline
Time & Timing within Power Systems
SmartGrid
Synch challenges for SmartGrid
Conclusions
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 20102
Time & Timing within Power Systems
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 20103
Background in Power Generation
Aghada
– Conventional Gas Fired + CCGT
Tarbert
– Conventional Oil fired
– Now owned by Endesa
Moneypoint
– Conventional Coal fired 1000 MW
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 20104
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 20105
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 20106
Time & Timing within Power Systems
Time Synch– Distributed Control System
Millisecond level reqd for precise chronological event diagnosis
– Power Line Fault Detection Microsecond or better
– SCADA systems
Timing Synch– 2v3 voting systems
– Generator synch to transmission network
Original System (largely replaced)
U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IBU/IA U/IB U/IA U/IBU/IA U/IB
101
N8
AS220E
102
N8
AS220E
103
N8
AS220E
104
N8
AS220E
105
N8
AS220E
106
N8
AS220E
107
N8
AS220E
108
N8
AS220E
U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IBU/IA U/IB
126
N-BK
Bus 0
123
N-UHR
M-Clock
121
N16
OS254
112
N8
AS220E
111
N8
AS220E
110
N8
AS220E
109
N8
AS220E
U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IB U/IA U/IBU/IA U/IB U/IA U/IB
160
NS5NAT
PG750
133
N8
AS EHF
132
N8
AS EHF
131
N8
AS EHF
128
N8
AS231
125
N16
R30
141
NAT-24
Synogate
U/IA U/IB
127
N-BK
Bus 1
Master
Clock
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 20107
Power Line Fault Detection System
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 20108
Power Line Fault Detection System
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 20109
Timing Synch 2v3 Redundancy
CPU 2CPU 1 CPU 3
.. .. ........
2 out of 3
Non-Redundant
Control Circuits
Double Redundant
Safety Circuits Triple Redundant Safety Circuits
N8 N8
U/I U/I
Bus A
Bus BCS275
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201010
Synchroscope
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201011
SCADA
Supervisory, Control & Data Acquisition
Key component of Electrical Grid
Infrastructure
– 2 parallel networks
Transmission lines (LV/MV/HV)
Associated SCADA communications infrastructure
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201012
Traditional Grid (src: Mick Mackey ESBI)
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201013
Traditional Grid
One directional & predictable power flows
Generator HV MV LV Consumer
SCADA
– Limited need for data communications
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201014
Smart Grid : Definition ?
Visionary Revolutionary
– Complete Infrastructural Overhaul
Engineer Evolutionary
– By necessity
Continuity, Robustness, Safety Critical concerns
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201015
Smart Grid : Context
Over-reliance on fossil fuel sourced energy
Diminishing fossil fuel reserves
– Focus on renewables
Security of supply
Deregulation
Environmental Concerns
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201016
Smart Grid : ICT Enabled
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201017
Generation
Renewable
– Predictable ?
CHP
Microgeneration
V2G
Distributed generation
New grid design & operation required Grid Infrastructure Investment
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201018
Smart Networks
Radically different generation landscape
Much more dynamic
Need for precise realtime measurement,
control & protection
Hierarchical SCADA systems
Phasor Measurement Units
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201019
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201020
Smart Metering
You cannot control
what you don’t
understand
Realtime energy
demand profile
Realtime pricing
Realtime incentives
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201021
Smart Buildings
You cannot control what you don’t
understand
Energy Management Systems
Building Management Systems
Demand Side Management
Sensor networks
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201022
Smart Grid : Synch Requirements
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201023
Conclusion
SmartGrid is multi-faceted & ambitious
Iterative deployment likely
ICT is key enabler
Time & Timing Synch are critical
ESB Networks at forefront of SmartGrid
deployment
Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 201024
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks11
Integrated Smart NetworksOperational Challenges
Rónán ÓhÓgartaigh,Operations Manager,Asset Management,ESB Networks.
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks22
World Class Sustainable NetworksA Renewable Business Of ScaleBest Practice Generation PortfolioCustomer Focused Supply BusinessSignificant International Business
ESB STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 2020
Net Carbon Neutral By 2035 Leader In Energy Efficiency
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks33
Networks Will Be The Enabler
Smarter Accessible Flexible Efficient
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks44
Wind Connections
1005
Connected
1420
InProgress
3940
Gate 3 InQueue
4600
Q1 2009
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks55
Interconnectors
IndependentGenerators
2.1mCustomers
IndependentSuppliers
ESB Generation
PES PublishedTariffs
TransmissionSystem
DistributionSystem
Smart NetworksEmbedded generation
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks66
Interconnectors
IndependentGenerators
2.1mCustomers
IndependentSuppliers
ESB Generation
PES PublishedTariffs
TransmissionSystem
DistributionSystem
Direction of Power Flow
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks77
W ind g enerat io n p ro f i le
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00
Time
24/ 09/ 2009
25/ 09/ 2009
26/ 10/ 2009
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks88
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks99
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks1010
Substations Network devices Generation
Data acquisition & communicationsRTU’s, Poling Radio, SatCom, copper
Protocol IEC870-5-101, IEC870-5-104, Conitel, PacNet
SCADA OMS
Operations & Dispatch
Network devices
Communication protocols
Operation Systems
DistributionControl Centres
Telecommunications
Management System Distribution Management System
System management System managers
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks1111
Distribution Management System• Optimal network configuration
• Short term generation and load forecasting
• Power flow analysis
• Protection performance
• Voltage control
• Direct generation and load control
• Automated network algorithms and control
• Day ahead operational planning
• Network simulation
• Training module
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks1212
SCADA Computers &Distribution Control Centre
AlarmsCircuit breaker status
Amps, kV, MWAlarm resetCB open/closeTapchangesRelays
DispatchRequest for station attendanceNT callout
Station visit / repair
SCADA
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks1313
Substationsmonitored and controlledby DCCs
399
201 102
12
220kV110kV38kVDA
(Apr. 05 to Mar. 06)
70009000
11000
Commands / Month from DCC’s
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks1414
Distribution Automation
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks1515
Key EnablersSystem Management
Information
Telecommunications
Operation Systems
People
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks1616
Smarter Accessible Flexible Efficient
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks1717
Safety
Customer Perspective
Quality of voltage
Communications&
Information
Continuity
€
Networks www.esb.ie/esbnetworks1818
