Synopsis No 3

8/2/2019 Synopsis No 3

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SYNOPSIS ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

(B. Tech.)

Synopsis no.3

For the period from : 1 FEB 2012 to 31 MARCH 2012

Name of Company/Organization & Address : Bharti Airtel Ltd.Rajiv Gandhi

Technology Park,Chandigarh

Department/Section in which training going on : Network Team,GSM basics and LAN/

WAN Operations

Training timing : 9.00am to 5. 00Pm

Lunch Break : 1pm -1.30pm

Training managers Name & Designation : Mr.Vibhu shorey , (manager)

Contact Phone/mobile of the student

1) In the company : 99887361642) At residence : 9988736164

Whether training is for 5 days or 6 days a week : 6

Off days : SUNDAY

PROJECT REPORT : NYA

TRAINING MANAGER/GUIDE SUBMITTED BY

Signature Name: POOJA VERMA

Name: Mr.Vibhu Shorey Brach: ECE

Designation: Centre Head Univ. Roll No: 81201108074

Department: NETWORK SECURITY Contact No:9988736164Seal *E-mail: [email protected]

Date of Submission
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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CONTENTS

S. No. Text Page no.

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3

2. COMPANY PROFILE 4

3. TRAINING REPORT 5

3.1 HANDOVER 5

3.1.1 Handover Procedure 5

3.1.2 Handover Measurements 6

3.1.3 Handover Conditions 6

3.1.4 Handover Types 7

3.1.5 Handover Success Rate 8

3.2 RF PLANNING 9

3.2.1 Capacity Planning 10

3.2.2 Covrage Planning 11

3.2.3 Frequency Planning 11

3.2.4 Site Visit 11

3.3 RF SURVEY 12

3.3.1 Before survey 12

3.3.2 Equipments Used 13

3.3.3 During Survey 14

4. PROJECT REPORT NYA

5. BIBLIOGRAPHY 16


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1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every piece of creation is originated by the zeal of hard work and determination and to putthe effort into action, a lot many factors may influence. Nothing concrete can be achieved

without optimum inspiration and perspiration. The phenomenon of creation is very long andinvolves time consuming process, energy, dedication as well as the skills and experience ofthe persons involved in the task.

Joining BHARTI AIRTEL LTD. as a trainee gave me a solid platform for nourishing myprofessional career. It gives me immense pleasure to express my deepestgratitude towards all those persons who have been a vital part of this creation. But thinkingthem all specifically seems to be impossible, so in order to fit into the framework of wordsand acknowledgement, we would like to thank the following people for their preciousguidance and support.

My heartiest thanks to Mr. VIBHU SHOREY for providing me the environment that reallynourished me to endeavor my professional career. Their continuous backup and motivationalways inspired me and acted as a morale booster for me.

A sincere thanks to Lt.COL. N.S.Jhulka (Training Officer) of our college who were a greatsource of inspiration and encouragement.

Last but not the least, I express my deep felt gratitude to my parents and friends withoutwhose moral support and encouragement,

POOJA VERMA

8th

Sem (ECE)


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2. COMPANY PROFILE

Bharti Airtel is the flagship company of Bharti enterprises. The Bharti Group has

a diverse business portfolio and has created global brands in the

telecommunication sector.

Airtel comes from Bharti Airtel Ltd., Indias largest integrated and the first private

telecom services provider with a footprint in all the 23 telecom circles and more

than 62 million mobile subscribers as of March 2008.

The company also provides telephone services and Internet access over DSL

in 14 circles.

The company complements its mobile, broadband & telephone services with

national and international long distance services.

The company also has a submarine cable landing station at Chennai, whichconnects the submarine cable connecting Chennai and Singapore.

In August 2006 the company awarded Ericsson an extension to the existing contract of

US$1bn to upgrade and develop its GSM/GPRS network.

This services agreement saw Ericsson manage design, development and deployment of

the network, including capacity and coverage, enabling the operator to expand in rural

India and reach out to all the towns and cities across 15 regions.

According to the statistics, India adds 5 million mobile subscribers per month across the

board and one quarter of these become Bharti subscribers.

Ericsson is a long term partner of Bharti and manages more than 70% of the companys existing GSM/GPRS network within 15 of the 23 Indian telecom regions.

In other eight regions, Bharti Airtel also signed a $400m network expansion contract with

Nokia in Oct. 2006 to expand its managed GSM/GPRS/EDGE networks in eight regions

not covered by Ericsson.

The eight telecom regions include Mumbai, Maharashtra and Goa, Gujarat, Bihar

(including Jharkhand), Orissa, Kolkata, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh (including

Chhatisgarh).

Bharti as Bharti TeleVentures has also been preparing for an advanced IP network by

signing a ten year deal in 2004 with IBM for a managed service delivery platform in a

deal that could be worth over US$750m.

Bharti TeleVentures also signed a five-year managed services agreement with Nortel

Networks in March 2006. Nortel is hosting contact centre services for more than 19.7

million subscribers to Bharti's Airtel GSM mobile, broadband and fixed-line services.

Nortel will create a network operations centre in New Delhi and provide network

design,integration, support and maintenance services for Bharti's contact centre architecture.


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3. TRAINING REPORT

3.1 HANDOVER

The GSM handover process uses a mobile assisted technique for accurate and fasthandovers, in order to:

Maintain the user connection link quality. Manage traffic distribution

The overall handover process is implemented in the MS,BSS & MSC. Measurement of radio subsystem downlink performance and signal strengths received

from surrounding cells, is made in the MS. .

The BSS measures the uplink performance for the MS being served and also assessesthe signal strength of interference on its idle traffic channels.

Initial assessment of the measurements in conjunction with defined thresholds andhandover strategy may be performed in the BSS. Assessment requiring measurement

results from other BSS or other information resident in the MSC, may be perform. in

the MSC.

3.1.1 HANDOVER PROCEDURE

The MS assists the handover decision process by performing certainmeasurements.

When the MS is engaged in a speech conversation, a portion of the TDMAframe is idle while the rest of the frame is used for uplink (BTS receive) and

downlink (BTS transmit) timeslots.

During the idle time period of the frame, the MS changes radio channelfrequency and monitors and measures the signal level of the six best neighbor

cells.

Measurements which feed the handover decision algorithm are made at bothends of the radio link.

MS END At the MS end, measurements are continuously signalled, via the

associated control channel, to the BSS where the decision for handover

is ultimately made.

MS measurements include: Serving cell downlink quality (bit error rate (BER) estimate).


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Serving cell downlink received signal level, and six bestneighbor cells downlink received signal level.

The MS also decodes the Base Station ID Code (BSIC) from the sixbest neighbor cells, and reports the BSICs and the measurement

information to the BSS.

BTS END The BTS measures the uplink link quality, received signal level, and

MS to BTS site distance.

If the MS can be served by a neighbor cell at a lower power, thehandover is recommended.

From a system perspective, handover may be considered due toloading or congestion conditions. In this case, the MSC or BSC tries to

balance channel usage among cells.

3.1.2 HANDOVER MEASUREMENTS

The following measurements is be continuously processed in the BSS :

Measurements reported by MS on SACCH- Down link RXLEV

- Down link RXQUAL

- Down link neighbor cell RXLEV

Measurements performed in BSS- Uplink RXLEV

- Uplink RXQUAL

- MS-BS distance

- Interference level in unallocated time slots

3.1.3 HANDOVER CONDITIONS

Handover is done on five conditions

Interference - If signal level is high and still there is RXQUAL problem, thenthe RXQUAL problem is because of interference.

RXQUAL - It is the receive quality. It ranges from 0 to 7 , 0 being the bestand 7 the worst

RXLEV - It is the receive level. It varies from -47dBm to -110dBm. Timing Advance - Ranges from 0 to 63. Power budget - It is used to save the power of the MS.


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3.1.5 HAND OVER SUCCESS RATE

The handover success rate shows the percentage of successful handovers of

all handover attempts. A handover attempt is when a handover command issent to the mobile.

If HOSR will be good TCH drop will also be good. If Handover success rate degrades call drop rate will take place.

REASONS FOR POOR HOSR Improper Neighbor planning. Parameter Check. LAC boundary. DAC value mismatch. Overshoot. HW Issues. Low Coverage

SOLUTIONS FOR REMOVAL OF HOSR1.Arrange Drive Test

The best way to find the real issues for HO fail make DT and check layer 3

msg for HO fail. By DT it is very easy to find the fail between cells.


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2.Neighbour Tuning:

Try to retune neighbors Avoid CO-BCCH-BSIC neighbors. Avoid extra neighs. Delete long distance neighs. Check neighs are defined form both ends. If there are high fail delete and recreate neighs.

REPORTS FOR HOSR 153 reports for HO fail bw two cells. 154 HO analyses. 60 for discrepancy.. 61 for one way neigh. ZEAT for CO-BCCH-BSIC neighs 74 for HO definition report. ZELO for inter MSC HO report. 150 for high HO fail. 157 for high HO attempt and call ratio.

3.2 RF PLANNING

Achieving maximum capacity while maintaining an acceptable grade of service and

good speech quality is the main issue for the network planning. Planning an immature

network with a limited number of subscribers is not the real problem. The difficulty is

to plan a network that allows future growth and expansion.

Total planning process can be divided in to three parts

Capacity Planning

Coverage Planning

Site survey

Planning toolsTools are the software packages that help for planning the network. Some of

the software packages used in cellular network planning are

Networking planning system (NPS/X)

Network measurement system (NMS/X) developed by Nokia


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Cellular planning with NPS/X is based on utilization of digitized map and

measurement results. The design database includes the parameters of the base

stations, antennas, propagation models and system parameters.

3.2.1 CAPACITY PLANNING

Network dimensioningNetwork Dimensioning (ND) is usually the first task to start the planning of a

given cellular network. The main result is an estimation of the equipment

necessary to meet the following requirements.

Capacity

Coverage

Quality

ND gives an overall picture of the network and is used as a base for all further

planning activities.

Network dimensioning inputThe inputs are

Capacity related

Spectrum available. Subscriber growth forecast Traffic density map (Traffic per subs)

Coverage related

Coverage regions Area types information

Quality related

Blocking probability Indoor coverage. The operator

Capacity calculationThe capacity of a given network is measured in terms of the subscribers or

the traffic load that it can handle. The former requires knowledge of

subscriber calling habits (average traffic per subscriber) while the latter is

more general. The steps for calculating the network capacity are

Find the maximum no of carriers per cell that can be reached for the

different regions based on the frequency reuse patterns and the available

spectrum.

Calculate the capacity of the given cell using blocking probability and the

number of carriers. Finally the sum of all cell capacities gives the network capacity


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3.2.2 COVERAGE PLANNING

The objective of coverage planning phase in coverage limited network areas is

to find a minimum amount of cell sites with optimum locations for producing

the required coverage for the target area.Coverage planning is normally performed with prediction modules on digital

map database. The basic input information for coverage planning includes:

Coverage regions

Coverage threshold values on per regions (outdoor, in-car, indoor)

Antenna (tower height limitations)

Preferred antenna line system specifications

Preferred BTS specification

Activities such as propagation modeling, field strength predictions and

measurements are usually referred to as coverage planning.

3.2.3 FREQUENCY PLANNING

The main goal of the frequency-planning task is to increase the efficiency of

the spectrum usage, keeping the interference in the network below some

predefined level. Therefore it is always related to interference predictions.

There are two basic approaches to solve the frequency assignment problem.

Frequency reuse patterns

Automatic frequency allocation

Some softwares are used with automatic frequency allocation algorithms for

finding the optimum solutions. The frequency allocation is generally guided

by the following information:

Channel requirement on cell basis according to the capacity planning

Channel spacing limitations according to BTS specification

Quality of service requirement which is conserved to acceptable

interference probability

Traffic density distribution over the service area

3.2.4 SITE VISIT

When we visit the problematic site for RF Planning we must ask three simple

questions which will help us are

Why was this site put up ? We must know if the site was installed for capacity or coverage. If it was for capacity we should know if it should offload the traffic of

some existing sites and if it should generate traffic of its own.


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Also if the site in question is a hotspot or not. If the site was installed forcoverage we should know exactly the area it is supposed to cover and if

there is some existing coverage in that area.

Will this selected site serve that purpose ?

Once we are clear about the objective of installing the site we mustanalyze if the site in question serves that purpose or not.

It is important that the selected site serves its objective. What are the problems and how can I solve them

Some of the common problems could be as follows The neighboring sites cause interference to the proposed site. The site is a cause of interference to some existing sites. If there is a possibility of a backlobe or sidelobe problem. There could be some near end obstruction

3.3 RF SURVEY

RF survey is carried out to find out suitable location for BTS cell site giving best desired

result on RF. RF Survey is done after the RF planning. RF planning data is created based

on indoor & outdoor coverage criteria in the circle where mobile services are to be

provided. RF survey is important because it gives visual details to RF planner. Based on

these details planner can create better model.

3.3.1 BEFORE SURVEY

Before heading to the 'Site Survey' region, it is extremely important to make a

complete analysis of that region. For this, all available resources should be

used: Aerial Photos, Google Earth, Maps, etc...

Important: Always take the printed data with you: the areas of interest

highlighted, with a longer zoom and a smaller one, especially in the focus

area.

3.3.2 EQUIPMENTS USED

Camera: for photos. Batteries: for the Camera. MAP INFO Binoculars: to view other distant points, such as possible transmission sites. Compass: orientation of azimuths. Phones with Test Mode enabled: to check the signal. Proper Climbing Equipment: if you need to climb a tower. Small Notepad: for quick notes, that fits in your pocket


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3.3.3 DURING SURVEY

The basic concepts of the 'Site Survey' are very simple, and it is worth onlynoting is intended for you to indicate one or more points as possible

candidates.

These points candidates must be within a region known as 'Search Ring'.Although the name suggests, this polygon can be any shape, even a square.

Such points are recorded in a proper report, following the processes anddocuments of each company, and should also rank some priority for each point

(the best for the worst indicated).

This is because, maybe the first indicated point has a problem, as an ownerthat don't want to rent, transmission problems, unavailability of infrastructure,

etc..

Moreover, the more points allow a better margin for trading in the arearesponsible for this engagement.

To avoid these problems, it is interesting that the 'Site Survey' be conductedtogheter with the areas of RF, Transmission, and Infrastructure, Contract and

other that apply.

Fig No 4

Take photos When you take panoramic shots, it is important to know the

orientation of each photo.

To achieve this in the field, first, with the compass, identify wherethe North is (0 degrees). And make markings on the floor as possible

- in the dust of the ground, with a stone, etc.

So when you take the photos, just follow the guidelines. Mark downthe positions from 0 degrees to 360 degrees divided by 45 to 45degrees, and take photos.


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Site sharing An increasingly common issue today is the sharing of infrastructure

between operators. This sharing includes antennas.

There are companies that specialize in 'Site Sharing', ie companiesthat have their own infrastructure (such as Towers) and provide for

those have interest, via rental payment for example.

Moreover, it is necessary to know the premises for sharing that yourcompany have. That is, the priority you need to know:

Choose to share in the first place, whenever possible, in order tospeed up the process;

Try to set the most exclusive points, indicating only share a lastresource. This represents more spending, but may be the

company's strategy and therefore must be followed.


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4.Project Report

NIL


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5. Bibliography

www.radio-electronics.com

www.Telecomsewa.com

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM

Daily Diary
http://www.radio-electronics.com/http://www.radio-electronics.com/http://www.telecomsewa.com/http://www.telecomsewa.com/http://www.telecomsewa.com/http://www.radio-electronics.com/

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