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System and Software Architecting Views
Elliot Axelband
10/24/06
Views and Viewpoints• Consider a Building as a Metaphor for a System• Applicable Views
– Esthetic View– User/Functional/Operational View– Structural View– Electrical View– Heating/Air Conditioning View– Etc.– Building and Operating Costs - Financial View– Codes & Applicable Restrictions - Technical View– Time line/Schedule View (Concept, Design, Build,
Use/Sustain, Retire - The Life Cycle)• Each View is the Viewpoint of a View holder • Views are Domain Specific
Frameworks
• Categories for Organizing Views
• DoDAF (DoD Architecture Framework)– Technical View - All applicable codes and
Restrictions– Operational View - How the System will be
used - The CONOPS– System View - How the System is Defined
- What it is
What is a System?• “Systems Architecting - Creating & Building Complex
(Innovative) Systems”, Rechtin• “The Art of Systems Architecting”, Maier and Rechtin• “A system is a set of different elements so connected or
related as to perform a unique function not performable by the elements alone”
• E.g.: An automobile (the system) provides transportation not provided by its components (subsystems) alone: the motor, transmission, suspension, body, etc.
• Note: The subsystems of systems are often systems• Note: The concept of systems has broad application to
different domains: buildings, automobiles, computers, “stand-alone” software, computer chips, commercial and military aircraft, organizations, businesses (enterprises - Enterprise SE), universities…
F-35, Joint Strike Fighter
• In Development• Provides very advanced Capabilities
(Complex and Innovative)• Largest Military Procurement - $400B,
>2000A/C• 30,000 # plus, >10K parts,One Pilot,17M LOC• 3 Variants for US Application - Air Force,
Navy, Marine• National and Multi-National Partners and
Multi-National Users• Fully Networked
F-35 Architecture
Airframe/Strucures Air Vehicle Equipment
Sensors Fusion Processor,Processing
Displays, etc
Mission Equipment
Air Vehicle Manufacturing Operations(Facility, Equipment, Layout, Supplier Mgmt, ..)
Logictics and Support(Fault Isolation, Prognostics, Spares, Training)
Air Vehicle Sysem
F-35 Architecture - Systems & Software, It’s Everywhere
System Engineering and Software
Airframe/Strucures Air Vehicle Equipment
Sensors Fusion Processor,Processing
Displays, etc
Mission Equipment
Air Vehicle Manufacturing Operations(Facility, Equipment, Layout, Supplier Mgmt, ..)
Logictics and Support(Fault Isolation, Prognostics, Spares, Training)
Air Vehicle Sysem
Defense System Life Cycle
Source: DAU Handbook
Defense System Development
Buy/Code/Manufacture
SystemNeed
SystemDesign
Subsystem Design
ComponentDesign
Component
Subsystem
System
System
Decomposition Integration & Test
Time
Requirements - Design - Manufacture - Assemble - Test
Verification and Validation
Defense System Development-1
Buy/Code/Manufacture*
SystemNeed
SystemDesign
Subsystem Design
ComponentDesign
Component
Subsystem
System
System*
Decomposition Integration
TimeRequirements - Design - Manufacture - Assembly - Test
Verification and Validation
•Redesign is a part of Design; Design is Experimental & Iterative;Spiral Development
• It takes 3 passes through the Development Process to field a Production System: - 1st when System* is a Prototype (SDD), - 2nd when Manufacture* is a Prototype (LRP), - 3rd at the start of Full Rate Production
D
O
T
M
L
P
F
MS A
Analysis of
Materiel
Approaches
Demo
Demo
Demo
AoA
Technology
Development
DABJROC
JROC
Increment 3Increment 3
Increment 1Increment 1
MS B
MS C
MS B
MS B MS C
MS C
- Materiel -
Process
DOTLPF
Process
Functional
Area
Analysis
Functional Area
Functional Concept
Integrated Architecture
Overarching Policy
NSS/NMS/Joint vision
Joint Concept of Operations
Feedback
ICD
CDD
CPD
Concept
Refinement
CDJROC DAB
DAB
Increment 2Increment 2
Incremental Development
Source: DAU Handbook
A Research Agenda for CSSE• Redesign is part of design. It will never be completely eliminated. But there is
huge payoff in reducing it• Redesign can be reduced by better predictive system design tools, that is,
Modeling and Simulation Predictive Design Tools• Modeling is domain dependent, so a broad set of technical skills and an
emphasis on collaboration is required• Such a Research Agenda plays to CSSE and USC strengths
– A Research University with a broad set of skills and an emphasis on internal collaboration (ORUs) and external collaboration (MOUs)
– USC’s Computing* Emphasis: Petacomputing, New Faculty Req’ts – CSSE’s record of collaboration and accomplishment with COCOMO*,
COSISMO and other cost estimation M&S Predictive Design Tools– Other opportunities, a sampler:
• Weight Estimation, Product Cost Estimation• Scaleable MANET Networks, IA Net-centric Issues• Software/Software compatibility, Software/Hardware Compatibility,
Integration Maturity, Risk Management• Logistics for Incremental Procurements• Human Factors*• Efficient Manufacture****
Research
• Funding– “If there’s Money, the Faculty will come”– Industrial Affiliates– NSF, DARPA - Not yet in systems, but growing interest
• INCOSE Vision– Growing DoD Interest
• Competition - A good thing– MIT– Georgia Tech– Stanford– Cornell– Etc.
Congratulations to CSSE!
There are great opportunities to make a difference, where it is
important to do so.