TOPIC OF PRESENTATION

DEFINATION OF SOFTWARESoftware is a general term for

the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices. (The term hardware describes the physical aspects of computers and related devices.)

Introduction to Software

Your computer is made up of

Hardware. This includes:• Computer• Monitor• Keyboard• Mouse• Printer• And more

Inside your computer (and on the web), you will find Software.Software works with your computer

to get things done, such as :• Write a letter• Connect a printer• Balance your checkbook• Video call a friend• And more…

Types of Software There are 2 types of software: System and

Application.

Operating System with Utilities

System Software

1. Perform basic tasks (coordinating keyboard, display, keeping track of files, and controlling peripheral devices like disk drives and printers)

2. Helps programs to work at the same time without interfering with each other

3. Provides a platform for application software

4. Includes basic utilities (notepad, calculator, media viewer).

Application Software1. Perform more specialized tasks (word processing, spreadsheets, email, photo editing, bookkeeping)

2. Installed onto your computer with disk or downloaded

3. Can be web based, with no need to download program onto computer

Words you should know• Installed: Putting program onto computer• Downloaded: Takes program from Internet, brings it down to your

computer• Uploaded: Takes something from you computer and brings it up to

the “cloud”• Cloud: Computers online which store files and folders• Update: When the program fixes a bug, it will then ask you to

download and install these changes…IMPORTANT• Apps: Programs that do one thing really well which you will

download to your computer or device (MapQuest, Skype)

Installing softwarePurchase software

▪From a store (Target, Office Depot, Costco)▪Online (From a manufactures site, Amazon, other online store)

Decide whether you want a disk or to downloadIf you want a disk, you will install it using your computer CD drive. It may come with instructions. It may also come with a special “key” which you will need to “unlock” your programIf you download the program, you will probably want to “save it” to your computer, check for viruses, and then install. You may also need a key, or to “validate it” in some way

Web based software• Usually free• You may have to download it

(such as Skype)• There may be information to

give in order to use it (Facebook, email)

• Can be used on all computers• You will have to remember

your login and passwords

Example of software: Quicken

Example of software: Picasa

Example of software: Evernote

Example of software: iTunes

Example of software: Windows Movie Maker

Example of software: spider solitaire

Example of software: Google Drive

Example of software: free Windows utilities

Types of System Software

System Software: Definition:

System software (systems software) is computer software designed to operate and control the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software. Types of System Software: Operating System Programming Language Translator Utility Programs Communication Software

Operating Systems An operating system (OS) is a software, that

manages the computer hardware, and provides common services for execution of various application software. For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware.

Objectives of Operating System:

1. Convenience: makes computer user friendly.2. Efficiency: allows computer to use resources

efficiently.3. Ability to evolve: constructed in a way to

permit effective development, testing and introduction of new functions without interfering with service.

Types of Operating System:As computers have progressed and developed, so have the operating systems. Types of operating systems are given below: GUI (Graphical User Interface) Multi-User Vs Single-User Single processing and Multiprocessing Multitasking Vs Single Tasking Distributed Embedded

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Software that works at the point of contact (interface) between a computer and its user, and which employs graphic elements (dialog boxes, icons, menus, scroll bars) instead of text characters to let the user give commands to the computer or to manipulate what is on the screen. GUI elements are usually accessed through a pointing device such as a mouse, pen, or stylus. All programs running under a GUI use a consistent set of graphical elements so that once the user learns a particular interface, he or she can use all programs without learning additional or new commands. Pioneered by Xerox and developed by Apple computers, GUI is now employed by all modern operating systems and application programs.

Multi-user Vs Single-user: A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to

access a computer system concurrently. Time-sharing system can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable a multiple user access to a computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems, as opposed to a multi-user operating system, are usable by a single user at a time. Being able to have multiple accounts on a Windows operating system does not make it a multi-user system. Rather, only the network administrator is the real user. But for a Unix-like operating system, it is possible for two users to login at a time and this capability of the OS makes it a multi-user operating system.

Processing System:Single-processor Systems:On a single-processor system, there is one main CPU capable of executing a general-purpose instruction set, including instructions from user processes.

Multi-processor Systems:A multiprocessing operating system allows a program to run on more than one central processing unit (CPU) at a time. This can come in very handy in some work environments, at schools, and even for some home-computing situations. Asymmetric multiprocessing:

In this each processor is assigned a specific task. A master processor controls the system; the other processors either look to the master for instruction or have predefined tasks. This scheme defines a master-slave relationship. The master processor schedules and allocates work to the slave processors. Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP):

In this each processor performs all tasks within the operating system. SMP means that all processors are peers; no master-slave relationship exists between processors.

Multi-tasking Vs. Single-tasking: When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the

system is grouped under a single-tasking system, while in case the operating system allows the execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system. Multi-tasking can be of two types namely, pre-emptive or co-operative. In pre-emptive multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive multitasking. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner. MS Windows prior to Windows 95 used to support cooperative multitasking.

Distributed: A distributed operating system manages a

group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that could be linked and communicate with each other, gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system.

Embedded: Embedded operating systems are designed to

be used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minx 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems.

Programming Language Translator

Programming Language TranslatorIt is another system software which convert the high level language to machine level language for the purpose of machine understanding.The Machine can only understand the machine level language or binary language 0's & 1's. The language translator rectify the errors within the program through different ways.There are 3 types of language translator, they are as follows:- Compiler. Interpreter. Assembler.

Compiler: A Compiler is a computer program that translates

code written in a high level language to a lower level language, object/machine code. The most common reason for translating source code is to create an executable program (converting from a high level language into machine language)

Assembler: An assembler translates assembly language into

machine code. Assembly language consists of mnemonics for machine opcodes so assemblers perform a 1:1 translation from mnemonic to a direct instruction. For example:

LDA #4 converts to 0001001000100100 Conversely, one instruction in a high level language

will translate to one or more instructions at machine level.

Interpreter: An interpreter program executes other programs

directly, running through program code and executing it line-by-line. As it analyses every line, an interpreter is slower than running compiled code but it can take less time to interpret program code than to compile and then run it, this is very useful when prototyping and testing code. Interpreters are written for multiple platforms, this means code written once can be run immediately on different systems without having to recompile for each. Examples of this include flash based web programs that will run on your PC, MAC, games console and Mobile phone.

UTILITY PROGRAM

PRESENTED BY MUSARAT IQBAL

UTILITY PROGRAM!!!!

System software that performs maintenance-type tasks

What is a disk scanner?

Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or floppy disk

Searches for and removes unnecessary files

What is a backup utility?

Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another disk or tape

compress files during backup to require less storage space

What is a disk defragmenter?

file before defragmentingfragmented disk

file after defragmenting

Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster

What is a screen saver?

Causes monitor’s screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time

To secure computer, user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate

What is a diagnostic utility?

Compiles technical information about hardware and some software

Prepares report outlining problems

What is a virus?

Stand-Alone Utility Programs

SIGNS OF VIRUS INFECTION

Potentially damaging computer program Affects computer without user’s knowledge

What is an antivirus program?

Stand-Alone Utility Programs Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media,

and incoming files Must be updated frequently

WHAT IS A FILE COMPRESSION UTILITY?

Stand-Alone Utility Programs

Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance

Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files

Two popular utilities: PKZIPTM and WinZip®

WHAT IS A PERSONAL FIREWALL?

Stand-Alone Utility Programs

Protects personal computer from unauthorized intrusions

Monitors all transmissions to and from computer

COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE

•Communication software

•Allows us to connect with other computers or mobile devices via text, video or audio formats.• some means of communication, such as email, are asynchronous.• Web conferencing and video chat are synchronous.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE

VIDEO CHAT Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP allows you to

communicate with others over the Internet without using phones.

Costs are minimal. With most services, you can communicate directly from one computer to another, usually at no charge, or connect to a cell phone or landline for a small fee.

SKYPE Is available for Windows, Mac, Linux and mobile

devices. With a webcam on your computer, you can video chat with up to 10 people at once or even send a video message.

FACETIMES Works similarly as

Skype , although it does not allow for group chats at this time. It runs on all Apple products

VIDEO MESSAGING

• It is not a medium for discussions. •you send a contact a short video in lieu of a text; the recipient can watch it instantly or whenever he wants.•Glide and Samba are examples of this type of software; both are available for mobile devices only.

WEB CONFERENCINGGenerally used by businesses for meetings, training events or to relay other information to people in a remote location.

EMAIL

•Started in 1965.•Electronic mail, or e-mail, is the most frequently used service.

Send a message any time, anywhere and the recipient can read it at his or her convenience.

Send the same message to multiple recipients. Forward information without retyping it. The messages can be notes entered from

the keyboard or electronic files stored on disk.

APPLICATION SOFTWARES

Definition: Application software, or simply applications, are often called productivity programs or end-user programs.

Working: they enable the user to complete tasks. such as creating documents, spreadsheets,

databases, and publications, doing online research, sending email, designing graphics and e.tc.

When you begin creating a document, the word processing software has already set the margins, font style and size, and the line spacing for you. But you can change these settings.

A software suite or application suite is a collection of computer programs 

usually application software or programming software of related functionality.

having ability to smoothly exchange data with each other.

Microsoft Word is a popular word-processing application that is included in the software suite of applications called Microsoft Office.

Types of application software:

Word processing software.Spreadsheet software.Database software.Presentation graphic software.Multimedia software.Communication softwares.

Word Processing Software:  Allows users to create, edit a document. Example: MS Word, Word Pad etc.

Spreadsheet Software: Allows users to create document and perform calculation. Example: Excel, Lotus1-2-3 etc.

Database Software: allows users to store and retrieve a vast amount of data. Example: MS Access, MySQL, Oracle.

Presentation Graphic Software: Allows users to create visual presentation. Example: MS Power Point.

Multimedia Software: Allows users to create image, audio, video etc. Example: Real Player, Media Player etc.

Communication software: Communications software manages the transmission of data between computers over wired or wireless channels. Examples are ProComm, Smart corn and Crosstalk.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

ADVANTAGES Their single biggest advantage is that they meet the exact needs of the user. Since they are designed specifically with one purpose in mind, the user knows that he has to use one specific software to accomplish his task.

The threat of viruses invading custom-made applications is very small, since any business that incorporates it can restrict access and can come up with means to protect their network as well.

Licensed application software gets regular updates from the developer for security reasons. Additionally, the developer also regularly sends personnel to correct any problems that may arise from time to time.

DISADVANTAGES

Developing application software designed to meet specific purposes can prove to be quite costly for developers. This can affect their budget and their revenue flow, especially if too much time is spent developing a software that is not generally acceptable.

Some software that are designed specifically for a certain business, may not be compatible with other general software. This is something that can prove to be a major stumbling block for many corporations.

Developing them is something that takes a lot of time, because it needs constant communication between the developer and the customer. This delays the entire production process, which can prove to be harmful in some cases.

Application software that is used commonly by many people, and then shared online, carries a very real threat of infection by a computer virus or other malicious programs.

SOME BASIC DIFFERENCES B/W SYSTEM AND APPLICATION

SOFTWARES System software gets installed when the operating system is installed on the computer while application software is installed according to the requirements of the user.

System software includes programs such as compilers, debuggers, drivers, assemblers while application software includes media players, word processors, and spreadsheet programs.

Generally, users do not interact with system software as it works in the background whereas users interact with application software while doing different activities.

A computer may not require more than one type of system software while there may be a number of application software programs installed on the computer at the same time.

System software can run independently of the application software while application software cannot run without the presence of the system software.