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Apr, 2010,Vol 35
The Five Steps of Qualitative Data Analysis:
Climbing up a Ladder of Abstraction
Chang, Fen-Fen∗
Abstract
It’s not easy to draw valid meanings from qualitative data. Although there are quite a
few styles of qualitative analysis from which researchers can choose, beginners still get
lost among tons of data nevertheless. Carney (1990) proposes a “ladder of analytical
abstraction” up which analysts can climb. Based on Carney’s ladder, I reconceptualize his
ideas and set up a model of five steps for qualitative analysis. These steps include
transcribing, conceptualizing, propositionalizing, graphing, and theorizing. Put simply, the
analytic progression is a process of “data transformation” as information is condensed,
clustered, sorted, and linked over time. This article also demonstrates a minicase that
demonstrates how each step can be conducted. At the end, technical and academic
implications of the model are interpreted in this article.
KeyWords: qualitative data analysis, qualitative research, research methodology
∗ Professor, Graduate School of Curriculum and Instruction, Taipei Municipal University of Education
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2 ATLAS.ti
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4 Miller Crabtre 19
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6 theme
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concept
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, 2002 316-317
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9 ATLAS.ti 2004 Nvivo 2006
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