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2

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2012 9 24 9 28

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9/24 14:00~16:00 The Urban Institute

Center on International Development and Governance Director, Charles Cadwell Senior Research Associate, Ritu Nayyar Stone

09:15~10:30 Department of Agriculture

Food Assistance Division Office of Capacity Building and Development Director, Ronald L. Croushorn Foreign Agricultural Service Office of Country and Regional Affairs Assistant Deputy Administrator

9/25

14:00~:15:30 Millennium Challenge Corporation

Department of Administration and Finance Assistant Chief Financial Officer, Eric G. Redmond Department Policy and Evaluation Department Policy Officer, Andria Hayes Brichler

09:45~13:00 US GAO International Affairs and Trade Assistant Director, Leslie Holen Assistant Director, Anthony Moran Assistant Director, James B. Michels Senior Analyst, George A. Taylor, Jr. ARM-CDMA Assistant Director, Martin de Alteriis Applied Research and Methods Managing Director, Nancy Kingsbury Centor fo Design, Methods, and Analysis Senior Statistician, Justin Fisher

9/26

14:00~15:00 Department of State

Office of Inspector General Assistant Inspector General for Audits, Evelyn R. Klemstine Assistant Inspector General, Robert B.Peterson Congressional and Public Affairs Officer, Douglas Welty

13:00~14:00 Department of State

Office of U.S. Foreign Assistance Resources Director, Robert Goldberg Director of Planning and Performance Management, Melissa Schild Senior Evaluation Advisor

9/27

14:30~16:00 Department of Treasury

Office of Inspector General for Audit Inspector General, Eric M. Thorson

3

Assistant Inspector General for Audit, Marla A. Freedman Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Audit, Robert A. Taylor Office of Multilateral Department Banks Duputy Director, Benjamin N. Dennis

14:30~16:00 USAID

Office of Inspector General Deputy Assistant Inspector General, Alvin Brown Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Audit, Melinda G. Dempsey Assistant Inspector General for Audit, Tim Cox, CPA

9/28

16:00~17:30 USAID Evaluation Division Sr.Policy Analyst S.Tjip Walker, Ph.D. Program Performance Specialist, Gary Russell

3

2

1

2

3 2

2

1 2

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

2

a) DAC1 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Development OECD/Development Assistance Committee DAC OECD/DAC

Official Development Assistance: ODA DAC Recipients

resource flow

2

3

DAC ODA 1 GNI

Least Developed Countries: LDCs 1 GNI 1005

1 GNI 1006-3975 1

GNI 3976-12275 4 2012-2013 148 ODA4

b)

2

2

2

1 DAC OECDDAC

OECD 34 24 EU 2 OECD

http://www.oecd.org/dac/aidstatistics/officialdevelopmentassistancedefinitionandcoverage.htm#Definition 3 Flows of official financing administered with the promotion of the economic development and welfare of developing countries as the main objective, and which are concessional in character with a grant element of at least 25 percent using a fixed 10 percent rate of discount . By convention, ODA flows comprise contributions of donor government agencies, at all levels, to developing countries Bilateral ODA and to multilateral institutions. ODA receipts comprise disbursements by bilateral donors and multilateral institutions. Lending by export credit agencies with the pure purpose of export promotion is excluded.

http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=6043 4 OECD (2012) ‘DAC List of ODA Recipients: Effective for reporting on 2012 and 2013 flows’

http://www.oecd.org/dac/aidstatistics/DAC%20List%20used%20for%202012%20and%202013%20flows.pdf

5

Basic Human Needs: BHN

5

BHN

6

7

c)

1969

7 1970

‘Partners in Development’ 1975

GNP8 0.7% 1970 109 GNI 0.7

2005 10

11

5 http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/seisaku/keitai/musho/about.html 6 http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/seisaku/keitai/gijyutsu/about.html 7 http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/seisaku/keitai/enshakan/about.html 8 GNP 1993 System of National Accounts GNI 9

http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/shiryo/hakusyo/04_hakusho/oda2004/html/chu/hc01041.htm 10 Millennium Development Goals: MDGs 2000

5 MDGs 11 OECD http://www.oecd.org/dac/aidstatistics/the07odagnitarget-ahistory.htm

6

1

1

European Recovery Program ERP

1947 The Foreign Assistance Act of 1948

Economic Cooperation Administration : ECA 12

1950

13 1950 1951

Mutual Security Act 1948

International Technical Cooperation Act, 194814 3

1960 1960 F15

1961 The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961

United States Agency for International Development:

USAID

1970

1973

Basic Human Needs Approach BHN

USAID16

12 1999 8 - -

OECD 13 14 1949

Point Four Plan2001

3 2001 No.252 http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PCAAC280.pdf 15 2009 20 -

GRIPS Development Forum http://www.grips.ac.jp/forum/USA/No.20.htm 16 2005

http://www.jbic.go.jp/ja/investment/research/report/archive/pdf/23_08.pdf

7

1980 1990

17

2000

Millennium Challenge Corporation: MCC

3 1 2

3

1

5

USAID

USAID 18

2

1 USAID19 2009 2011 111

Berman Global Partnership Act

2011 2013 112

Poe

Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2012 H.R. 315920

21

17 2008 18 2011b 19 2011b 20 http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:H.R.3159 21 Epsten,Susan 2011 , Foreign Aid Reform, National Strategy, and the Quadrennial Review, Congressional Research Service http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41173.pdf

8

22000 2001 10 2003

3

2009

defense diplomacy development 3

2009 The Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development

Review: QDDR USAID22

2010 10 Presidential

Policy Directive on Global Development: PPD

3

3 23

2012 USAID

building civilian capacity

8 High Priority Performance

Goals: HPPGs 3

PDD 3

2004 Millennium Challenge Account: MCA

MCC 2012 70 26 24

23 49.5 25

USAID HPPGs

• Stabilization Strategy

• • 5

HIV

22 2011a 23 Global Health Initiative: GHI Feed the Future: FTF Global Climate Change Initiative: GCCI 3

2011a 24 MCC compact MCC

http://www.mcc.gov/pages/activities 25 MCC http://www.mcc.gov/pages/about

9

• Low-Emission Development Strategies: LEDS12 20

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•

•

•

USAID 2012 US Department of State and USAID 2012 MURC

3

OECD/DAC

DAC

Development Assistance

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USAID MCC

10

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50

6 United States Department of State

United States Agency for International Development: USAID

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Treasury United States Department of Agriculture: USDA United States

Department of Defense: DOD

The Quadrennial Diplomacy

and Development Review: QDDR USAID

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USAID

MCC

CEO

11

a United States Department of State

4 QDDR

USAID

2010 QDDR

Civilian Power

2012 3 2011 2016

USAID Strategic Plan 26

b United States Agency for International Development: USAID

USAID 9

USAID

USAID

USAID

9527 2011 2,613

1,683 930 2,449

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c Millennium Challenge Corporation: MCC

MCC 2002 MCA 2004 1

MCC MCC

USTR USAID

3 17

26 2010 27 2011a 28 2011a ODA 2011

http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/shiryo/hakusyo/10_hakusho_sh/pdfs/s3-2.pdf 29 USAID PVO /

USAIDPVO563 PVO PVO 71

U.S. Cooperative Development Organization 6 26.50.9 2 FY2007 ‘2009 VOLAG: Report of Voluntary Agencies’

http://www.usaid..gov/our_work/cross-cutting_programs/provate_voluntary_cooperation/volag2009.pdf

12

Millennium

Challenge Compact

threshold program

2010 300

DC 30

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26 70 31

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26

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30 2011a ODA 2011

http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/shiryo/hakusyo/10_hakusho_sh/pdfs/s3-2.pdf 31 MCC http://www.mcc.gov/pages/about 32 2013 MCC 2012 33 2005

13

MCC :

MCC 2012 MURC

MCC

34 MCC

MCC MCA

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MCC

34 2005

14

d United States Department of the Treasury

IMF

United States Department of Treasury’s Office of Technical Assistance: OTA35

e United States Department of Agriculture: USDA

5

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The Mc Govern-Dole International Food for

Education and Child Nutrition Program

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Project USDA LTP Project

2009 2012 5

6,000

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The Section 416 b Program Commodity Credit Corporation CCC

MURC

35 OTA

http://www.treasury.gov/about/organizational-structure/offices/Pages/Technical-Assistance-.aspx 36 http://www.fas.usda.gov/excredits/FoodAid/emersontrust.asp 2005

50

15

f United States Department of Defense: DOD

military aid/assistance

Foreign Military

Financing Peacekeeping Operation: PKO

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DOD

g Non Governmental Organization : NGOs

NGOs

2009 Disarmament, demobilization, and

reintegration DDR USAID Implementation and

Procurement Reform: IPR USAID NGOs

Civil Society Organizations: CSOs37

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Development 2012 VolAg Report 2012 1 579 Private

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6 the U.S. Cooperative Development Organizations: CDOs

USAID 2010 PVOs 33 USAID

36 PVOs PVOs 209

USAID PVOs USAID

Development Grants Program PVO

Capable

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PVOs PVOs39

37 USAID 2012 38 2008 39 USAID 2012

16

4

1960

USAID

USAID 40

1990

2001 2004 2005

MCC

2004 2011 1960 2011

2000

1 2011 2005 2007

2008

GNI 1960 0.60% 1963

0.36 1966 1970 1979

0.19% 1980 0.2% 2000 0.10%

2000 0.16 0.20

2015 500

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

19,705 27,935 23,532 21,787 26,437 28,831 30,353 30,745

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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GNI 20 20 21 21 21 19 19 19OECD/DAC MURC

2011

40 2011b

17

1960-2011

OECD/DAC MURC

2011

GNI 1960-2011

OECD/DAC MURC

2011

1965 2005

2010

18

3 1

1960-2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

MADCT

OECD/DAC MURC MADCT More Advanced Developing Countries and Territories

1960-2010

OECD/DAC MURC

1960

19

1970

1980 2000

2005

1965-2010

OECD/DAC MURC

2010

1965 1975 1985

1 857.37 1 414.0 1 1,948.0

2 331.36 2 379.0 2 1,354.0

3 300.10 3 225.0 3 346.0

4 164.75 4 154.0 4 287.0

5 135.29 5 152.0 5 199.0

6 129.76 6 91.0 6 177.0

7 99.98 7 88.0 7 165.0

8 85.67 8 84.0 8 161.0

9 78.63 9 82.0 9 154.0

10 70.49 10 79.0 10 144.0

1995 2005 2010

1 626.0 1 11,227.8 1 2,893.4

2 382.0 2 1,318.3 2 1,622.9

3 328.0 3 759.0 3 1,196.8

4 132.0 4 608.6 4 1,106.9

5 133.0 5 448.9 5 875.3

6 115.0 6 401.8 6 726.4

7 112.0 7 353.3 7 721.8

8 107.0 8 323.1 8 565.9

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10 101.0 10 185.7 10 457.4

101.0

20

2001 2001

2002

4

1965-2010

OECD/DAC MURC

21

2005-10

OECD/DAC MURC

2002

2003 2005

5 1

22

1965-2010

OECD/DAC MURC

2005-10

OECD/DAC MURC

23

1970 2010

1970 1980

2010

50 1980

1990

2000

1970-2010

OECD/DAC MURC

2010

2010 10

PPD Global

Health Initiative: GHI

24

2010

9.1%

2.0%

3.5%

4.4%

6.5%

7.1%

10.3%

16.8%

17.2%

17.8%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

OECD/DAC MURC

2010

25

1993-2010

OECD/DAC MURC

26

2010

9

390

12 958 29

1612 49

41

ODA OOF 1990-2010

OECD/DAC MURC

304 9390 1246 12 76 19

140 36 37 9 19 5 72 18

958 291,612 493,264 100

Hudson Institute 2012

41 Hudson Institute 2012

27

NGO

356 1,025 234 6000

2010 2011 26 34 201042

NGO 1

2005 2006 2007 2008

15.60 15.60 20.00 36.00

5.71 5.87 6.10 5.80

WK 2.49 4.03 4.32 2.64

2.00 - - 0.90

- 2.47 2.90 2.20

1.55 1.94 1.68 1.83

27.35 29.91 35.00 49.37

MURC

42 http://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/Pages/foundation-fact-sheet.aspx

28

OECD

1652 2 5

1 OECD


2000 1 GNI

DAC 23 19

12 390

DAC 23 3 1

29

OECD GNI


43

a

USAID 1960 1970

1970 BHN

NGO BHN

1980 1990

1992 USAID

2000

43 UFJ 2008

30

44

45

1990

46 2000

2001 IDA13 IDA 50

IDA

productivity47

3

b

OECD/DAC

44 International Financial Institution Advisory Commission, International Financial Institutions Reform: Report of the International Financial Advisory Commission, US Congress, March 2000

4000 525000 80 90

2005

45 2004 IMF 4 24-25 No.12

FASID 46 2002 47

31

Budget Support : BS 48

OECD/DAC

49

Global Environment Facility GEF

GEF

50

51

2009 12 COP15

2012 3 30052

2009 USAID

48

EU JICAhttp://jica-ri.jica.go.jp/ja/topic/jica-ri_focus_vol12.html

49 World Bank, International Evaluation Group 2004 50 incremental cost

GEF

51 http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/kankyo/kikan/gbl_env.html 52 2011a

32

2009-2010

2010 2009

53

2005

3% PEPFAR:

President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief54

USAID

1995 USAID

USAID55

DAC5

2

11920

53 54 PEPFAR www.pepfar.gov PEPFAR 2003

1 5 150 15 1210 PEPFAR

HIV

55 199511 http://www.jbaudit.go.jp/effort/study/mag/11-5.html

33

56 1920

1929 Colonial Development

Act 57

Colonial Development Fund

Colonial Development Advisory Committee

1935 1938

1940 1940 Colonial Development and Welfare Act

194058

1945 1945 Colonial

Development and Welfare Act 1945

10

1964 Ministry of Overseas

Development: ODM 1965

ODM

1966 Overseas Development Act59 1980 Overseas Development and

Cooperation Act 198060

2002 International Development Act

1997

56 JBIC 2004 57 The National Archive http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/20-21/5/enacted 58 Barder, O. 2005 Reforming Development Assistance: Lessons from the U. K. Experience, Centre for Global Development Working Papers, 70 3 http://cf.owen.org/wp-content/files/UK%20Experience.pdf 59 JBIC 2004 60 Barder, O. 2005

34

Department of International

Development DFID61

2006 International Development Report and

Transparency Act DFID

0.7

62

21950 60 1961 OECD DAC

1964

Ministry of Development 1970

Overseas Development

Administration

63

1997 5

Department of International Development DFID 2010

DFID ’Eliminating World Poverty: A Challenge for the 21st Century’

4

(i)

(ii)

ATP Aid and Trade Provision

61 2004 62 The National Archives 2006 International Development Reporting and Transparency Act 2006,

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/31/contents 63 2004

35

(iii)

4 64

(iv)

65

International Development Targets: IDTs

IDTs 1996 OECD 21

Shaping the 21st Century: The Contribution of Development Cooperation

6 66

2015

2015

2015

2015 5 3 2 4 3

2015

2005 2015

IDTs

DFID IDTs

IDTs

Target Strategy Papers: TSP Institutional Strategy Papers: ISP

Country Strategy Papers: CSP 3 67

Millennium Development Goals: MDGs

DFID

64 DFID 1997 ‘Eliminating World Poverty: A Challenge for the 21st Century’ 65 2004 66 OECD 1996 ‘Shaping the 21st Century: The Contribution of Development Cooperation’

http://www.oecd.org/dac/2508761.pdf 67 JBIC 2004

36

68

DFID

UNDP WHO

DFID 69

DFID 3-4 70

71

2000 ’Eliminating World Poverty: Making Globalisation Work

for the Poor’ 2000

2005

Paris Declaration

DFID72

68 DFID 2003 ‘Departmental Report 2003’ 69 DFID 2003 70 DFID 71 JBIC 2004 72 OECD StatExtracts 2012 http://stats.oecd.org/#

37

3

DFID

4 NGO

2011a 2

a Department of Federal International Development : DFID

38

1997 5

DFID

DFID 2012 10

DFID http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/aboutdfid/organogram.pdf

DFID 2 2,500

39

2011 15 6473

DFID Secretary of State

Public Service Agreement: PSA

4 11

Ministerial Board 7

DFID Management Board 74

3 75

UN

4 76

DFID

20077

2010 5 2 DFID

28 78

DFID 28

DFID 2012 MURC

73 DFID 2012 ‘‘Annual Report and Accounts’’ 74 DFID http://www.dfid.gov.uk/About-us/Our-organisation/Ministers/ 75 Depatment of Counrty Program

76 DFID ‘Department for International Development Organisation Chart’

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/aboutdfid/organogram.pdf 77 2008 5 ODA

http://www.sangiin.go.jp/japanese/kokusai_kankei/oda_chousa/h20/pdf/4-3.pdf 78 DFID 2012 p.8.

40

DFID 28

10Madhya Pradesh Bihar Orissa

41

5

- 4 4 5

2 123

4

3,600 50

2

2012

42

HIV

DFID MURC

43

b CDC Group Plc.

CDC 1948 DFID

DFID CDC

CDC

CDC

CDC

1995 74

1,120

2004 CDC fund-of-funds

79 4-8

CDC

CDC 66 160

2010 6 882 CDC

9 4

2010 6 54 2009 75

50 80

c British Council

DFID

Global School Partnership Programme DFID

81 2012

79 DFID

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/What-we-do/Who-we-work-with/Business-and-the-private-sector/CDC/ CDC http://www.cdcgroup.com/who-we-are.aspx

80 DFID 2010 Reforming CDC Group plc.http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/consultations/CDC/CDC-backgr

ound-info.pdf 81 DFID

44

DFID

2012 6

Connecting Classrooms Programme

82

d Crown Agents

1833 1979 Crown Agents Act 1979

1980 1

1995

Crown Agents Act 1995 1997

The

Crown Agents Foundation

100

2

83

e

84

’International Stabilisation Grants’

http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Getting-Involved/For-schools/global-school-

partnerships/about-gsp/The-consortium/?tab=0 82 British Council n.d. Connecting Classrooms programme

http://schoolsonline.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/files/Connecting%20Classrooms%20programme%20guide%20branded%20v3.pdf 83 Crown Agents http://www.crownagents.com/Home.aspx 84 DFID 2010 ‘Statistics on International Development 2005/06-2009/10’

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications1/sid2010/SID-2010.pdf

45

Other Official Flows: OOF Gross Public Expenditure

on Development: GPEX 85

f NGO

NGO86

DFID

Corporation Social Responsibility: CSR

DFID

CSR

NGO

NGO NGO

OXFAM

Save the Children Fund Christian Aid

Catholic Fund for International Development: CAFOD

NGO NGO

87 DFID NGO Civil

Society Organisations: CSOs PPAs Programme Partnership

Agreements PPAs CSOs 3

MDGs88

4

3 1 3

85 DFID

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/About-us/How-we-measure-progress/Aid-Statistics/Statistics-on-International-Development-2012/SID-2012-Annex-2-Glossary/ 86 DFID 1997 ‘Eliminating World Poverty: A Challenge for the 21st Century’ 87 JBIC 2004 88 DFID

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/work-with-us/funding-opportunities/not-for-profit-organisations/ppas/

46

PSA

DFID 2002

PSA89

DFID 15 DFID

89 2011

Commonwealth

Development Corporation: CDC Exports Credits Guarantee

Department: ECGD Department for Energy and Climate Change:

DECC 90

2011

85.7

4.4

4.2 2.7

0.8 0.9 0.6

0.7 DFID

ECGD

FCO

CDC

Gift Aid

MOD

FCO&MOD Conflict Pool

Other

DFID 2012 ‘Annual Report and Accounts’, MURC

2010 130 530091 2009 GNI 0.7

2013 92

93

2010 89 2008 90 DFID 2012 ‘Annual Report and Accounts’ 91 OECD http://stats.oecd.org/# 92 The Labour Party 2007 ‘Gordon Brown's speech to Labour Conference’

http://www.labour.org.uk/gordon-brown-speech-conference 93 DAC 2010

47

National Health Service : NHS

GNI

GNI 2007 2008 2009

EU GNI 0.50 2010 0.57

2004-2011

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

7,904.7 10,771.7 12,459.0 9,848.5 11,499.9 11,282.6 13,053.0 13,739.0

4 3 2 4 3 4 2 3

10.0% 9.4% 11.9% 9.5% 9.5% 9.4% 10.2% 10.3%

GNI 0.36 0.47 0.51 0.36 0.43 0.51 0.57 0.56

GNI 12 13 7 10 119 9 7 6

OECD/DAC MURC 2011

1960-2011

OECD/DAC MURC

2011

48

GNI 1960-2011

OECD/DAC MURC 2011

1960 2010

1980 40

2005 50 20 30

2010 3

1960-2010

OECD/DAC MURC MADCT More Advance Developing Countries and Territories

49

1960 2010

1980 2

1990

1990

1960-2010

OECD/DAC MURC

50

1965

10

10

DFID

94

1965 -2010

1965 1975 1985 1 65.36 1 113.83 1 93.29

2 53.25 2 31.76 2 54.22

3 30.44 3 21.26 3 52.22

4 28.26 4 21.25 4 37.99

5 26.55 5 19.52 5 36.10

6 26.01 6 14.55 6 32.47

7 19.79 7 13.96 7 28.92

8 17.76 8 12.96 8 23.70

9 15.86 9 12.00 9 22.80

10 14.99 10 9.92 10 22.60

1995 2005 2010 1 142.22 1 2,200.9 1 650.34

2 76.47 2 1,317.5 2 406.95

3 67.67 3 579.2 3 298.51

4 56.21 4 220.4 4 264.61

5 53.07 5 219.9 5 250.78

6 50.95 6 203.3 6 240.94

7 47.65 7 196.5 7 234.83

8 47.77 8 165.7 8 228.32

9 45.85 9 119.7 9 179.26

10 42.43 10 102.0 10 166.58

OECD/DAC MURC

2010

94 2004

51

1965 2010

1980 2000

2000

2007 2010 6 5000

1965 10

1965-2010

OECD DAC MURC

2005 2010

2

3-5 2008 30

10

6-7

2007 15-20

52

2005-10

OECD DAC MURC

1965 2010

1965

5000 2002

2005 10 10

53

2 1965-2010

OECD DAC MURC

2005 2010

2005 39 2008 5

2010 5 53

2006

15-25 2005 35

2010 0.6

1 2009 20 2010 10

2008

54

2005-10

OECD DAC MURC

1970 2010 1970

1980

2005

2005

LDC

2000

2010

55

1970-2010

OECD DAC MURC

2010

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0%

OECD/DAC MURC

56

1993-2010

OECD/DAC MURC

57

1990

2010 Other Official Fund : OOF

1990

1996 6

190 2000

2003 2006 2007 20

400

2007

4 2010

120 95

OOF 1990-2010

OOF OOF

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59

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60

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100

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61

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63

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64

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65

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2009 FOREIGN OPERATIONS PERFORMANCE REPORT 2011 PERFORMANCE PLAN

67

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High Priority Performance Goals HPPGs HPPGs

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2015 5HIV

2011

LEDS 1220 LEDS 2013 2020

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68

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Bureau for Policy, Planning and

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107

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2012

2 USAID Evaluation Policy: Year 1, First Annual Report and Plan for

2012 and 2013 2011 USAID 295

2010 89

3

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107 USAID

69

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2010 USAID, ‘Automated Directory System,’ Chapter 203

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70

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109

108 MCC (n.d.) ‘Independent Evaluations: Overview’

http://www.mcc.gov/pages/activities/activity/impact-evaluation 109

71

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72

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74

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USAIDSection B.5. Reports and Information, Agreement Books and Records, Audits, and Inspections. (a) Reports and Information. The Grantee shall furnish USAID accounting records and such other

information and reports relating to the Agreement as USAID may reasonably request. (b) Grantee Agreement Books and Records. The Grantee shall maintain accounting books, records,

documents and other evidence relating to the Agreement, adequate to show, without limitation, all costs incurred by the Grantee under the Agreement, the receipt and use of goods and services acquired under the Agreement by the Grantee, agreed-upon cost sharing requirements, the nature and extent of solicitations of prospective suppliers of goods and services acquired by the Grantee, the basis of award of Grantee contracts and orders, and the overall progress of the Agreement toward completion ("Agreement books and records"). The Grantee shall maintain Agreement books and records in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles prevailing in the United States, or at the Grantee's option, with approval by USAID, other accounting principles, such as those (1) prescribed by the International Accounting Standards Committee (an affiliate of the International Federation of Accountants) or (2) prevailing in the country of the Grantee. Agreement books and records shall be maintained for at least three years after the date of last disbursement by USAID or for such longer period, if any, required to resolve any litigation, claims or audit findings.

(c) Grantee Audit. If $300,000 or more of USAID funds are expended directly by the Grantee in its fiscal year under the Agreement, the Grantee shall have financial audits made of the expenditures in accordance with the following terms, except as the Parties may otherwise agree in writing:

(1) With USAID approval, the Grantee shall use its Supreme Audit Institution or select an independent auditor in accordance with the "Guidelines for Financial Audits Contracted by Foreign Recipients" issued by the USAID Inspector General ("Guidelines"), and the audits shall be performed in accordance with the "Guidelines"; and

(2) The audit shall determine whether the receipt and expenditure of the funds provided under the Agreement are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles agreed to in section (b) above and whether the Grantee has complied with the terms of the Agreement. Each audit shall be completed no later than nine months after the close of the Grantee's year under audit.

(d) Sub-recipient Audits. The Grantee, except as the Parties may otherwise agree in writing, shall submit to USAID, in form and substance satisfactory to USAID, a plan for the audit of the expenditures of "covered" sub-recipients, as defined below, that receive funds under this Agreement pursuant to a direct contract or agreement with the Grantee.

84

(1) A "covered" sub-recipient is one who expends $300,000 or more in its fiscal year in "USAID awards" (i.e., as recipients of USAID cost reimbursable contracts, grants or cooperative agreements and as sub-recipients under USAID strategic objective and other grant agreements with foreign governments).

(2) The plan shall describe the methodology to be used by the Grantee to satisfy its audit responsibilities for covered sub-recipients. The Grantee may satisfy such audit responsibilities by relying on independent audits of the sub-recipients; expanding the scope of the independent financial audit of the Grantee to encompass testing of sub-recipients' accounts; or a combination of these procedures.

(3) The plan shall identify the funds made available to covered sub-recipients that will be covered by audits conducted in accordance with other audit provisions that would satisfy the Grantee's audit responsibilities. (A nonprofit organization organized in the United States is required to arrange for its own audits. A for-profit contractor organized in the United States that has a direct contract with USAID is audited by the cognizant U.S. Government Agency. A private voluntary organization organized outside the United States with a direct grant from USAID is required to arrange for its own audits. A host-country contractor should be audited by the Grantee’s auditing agency.)

(4) The Grantee shall ensure that covered sub-recipients under direct contracts or agreements with the Grantee take appropriate and timely corrective actions; consider whether sub-recipients' audits necessitate adjustment of its own records; and require each such sub-recipient to permit independent auditors to have access to records and financial statements as necessary.

(e) Audit Reports. The Grantee shall furnish or cause to be furnished to USAID an audit report for each audit arranged for by the Grantee in accordance with this Section within 30 days after completion of the audit and no later than nine months after the end of the period under audit.

(f) Other Covered Sub-recipients. For "covered" sub-recipients who receive funds under the Agreement pursuant to direct contracts or agreements with USAID, USAID will include appropriate audit requirements in such contracts or agreements and will, on behalf of the Grantee, conduct the follow-up activities with regard to the audit reports furnished pursuant to such requirements.

(g) Cost of Audits. Subject to USAID approval in writing, costs of audits performed in accordance with the terms of this Section may be charged to the Agreement.

(h) Audit by USAID. USAID retains the right to perform the audits required under this Agreement on behalf of the Grantee by utilizing funds under the Agreement or other resources available to USAID for this purpose, conduct a financial review, or otherwise ensure accountability of organizations expending USAID funds regardless of the audit requirement.

(i) Opportunity to Audit or Inspect. The Grantee shall afford authorized representatives of USAID the opportunity at all reasonable times to audit or inspect activities financed under the Agreement, the utilization of goods and services financed by USAID, and books, records and other documents relating to the Agreement.

(j) Sub-recipient Books and Records. The Grantee will incorporate paragraphs (a), (b), (d), (e), (g), (h) and (i) of this provision into all sub-agreements with non-U.S. organizations which meet the $300,000 threshold of paragraph (c) of this provision. Sub-agreements with non-U.S. organizations, which do not meet the $300,000 threshold, shall, at a minimum, incorporate paragraphs (h) and (i) of this provision. Sub-agreements with U.S. organizations shall state that the U.S. organization is subject to the audit requirements contained in OMB Circular A-133.

http://transition.usaid.gov/policy/ads/300/350mac.pdf

85

2

2009 7 National Audit Office NAO

2011 CEO

NAO 9

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NAO NAO

1 COO 4 AAG

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COO Michael Whitehouse

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http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/1012/annual_report_2011.aspx

87

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HOAP

119

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SAI121

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117 J. Van Wingerde and W. Voogd 2005 118 J. Kosmo 2007 119 J. Van Wingerde and W. Voogd 2005 120 Ibid. 121 Ibid.

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90

2005 2006 1

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1996 The 1996 Country

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2006 2006 Procurement Review Terms of Reference

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Report

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B

2007-2008http://www.riksrevisjonen.no/en/SiteCollectionDocuments/Vedlegg%20engelsk/Dok.%202%20%C3%A5rsrapport

er%20engelsk/Eng_Doc_2_2007_2008.pdf 126 Office of the Auditor General of Norway 2008 ‘A Summary of the activities in 2008, Document no.2

2008-2009 ’ http://www.riksrevisjonen.no/en/SiteCollectionDocuments/Vedlegg%20engelsk/Dok.%202%20%C3%A5rsrappor

ter%20engelsk/Document_no_2_2008-2009.pdf

92

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127 INTOSAI DAC B INTOSAI

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http://eca.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/intosai-aada/meetings/-SixthmeetingoftheINTOSAIWorkingGroup/Progress%20report%20task%203%20annex%20II.pdf 129 2012 12 GAO 130 J. Kosmo 2007

93

IFAF HOAP IFAF

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94

2

1GAO 800 1,000

7.9%

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/Energy 37 4.4%/Equal Opportunity 8 0.9%

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/Human Capital 31 3.7%/Information Management 22 2.6%/Information Security 16 1.9%/Information Technology 39 4.6%/International Affairs 67 7.9%

/International Exchange Program 1 0.1%/Justice and Law Enforcement 44 5.2%

/National Defense 124 14.7%/Natural Resources and Environment 38 4.5%

/Retirement Security 24 2.8%/Science and Technology 8 0.9%/Space 15 1.8%

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/Veterans 31 3.7%/Worker and Family Assistance 29 3.4%

845 100.0%845 2012 12 25

GAO http://www.gao.gov/mir.html MURC

95

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800 900 60

GAO

9 10 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 965 802 828 770 845

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96

1 GAO

AFGHANISTAN Actions Needed to Improve Accountability of U.S. Assistance to Afghanistan Government GAO-11-710 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11710.pdf

USAID

GAO USAIDUSAID

USAID

USAID DC

USAID

Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund

97

2 GAO USAID

IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN:DOD, State and USAID Cannot Fully Account for Contracts, Assistance Instruments, and Associated Personnel GAO-11-886 http://www.gao.gov/assets/330/323221.pdf

USAID3 GAO

2011National Defense Authorization Act

GAO

SPOT Synchronized Predeployment and Operational TrackerSPOT

GAO

2009 GAO SPOT

GAO 3 GAO

U.S.WATER AND SANITATION AID Million of Beneficiaries Reported in Developing Countries, but Department of State Needs to Strength Strategic Approach GAO-10-957 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10957.pdf

2005 Water for the Poor Act

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GAO USAID

GAO USAID15 USAID 15USAID 15 6

98

4 GAO HIGHER EDUCATION Approaches to Attract and Fund International Students in the United States and Abroad GAO-09-379 http://www.gao.gov/assets/290/289100.pdf

30

GAO

5

GAO

FOREIGN ASSISTANCE Enhanced Coordination and Better Methods to Assess the Results of U.S. International Basic Education Efforts Are Needed GAO-07-523 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07523.pdf

109 102,567GAO

GAO

99

6

GAO

THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Systematic Assessment Is Needed to Determine Agencies’ Progress toward U.S. Policy Objectives GAO 08-188 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08188.pdf

Democratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act of 200615

GAO GAO

NGO

100

7 GAO MCC

MLLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION MCC Has Addressed a Number of Implementation Challenges, but Needs to Improve Financial Controls and Infrastructure Planning GAO-10-52 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d1052.pdf MCC 2004

MCC Millennium Challenge AccountsMCA

GAO MCC MCA

2008

MCA

MCC Fiscal Accountability Plan FAPMCA MCC

8 GAO

FOREIGN ASSISTANCE The United States Provides Wide-ranging Trade Capacity Building Assistance, but Better Reporting and Evaluation Are Needed http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11727.pdf

2005 2010 24 Trade Capacity BuildingTCB 100 90

USAID

TCB TCBUSAID TCB

TCB MCC USAID USTR U.S.Trade Representative

TCB

101

9 GAO

INTERNATIONAL FOOD ASSISTANCE Better Nutrition and Quality Control Can Further Improve U.S. Food Aid GAO-11-491 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11491.pdf

4

10 GAO

INTERNATIONAL FOOD ASSISTANCE Funding Development Projects through the Purchase,Shipment, and Sale of U.S. Commodities Is Inefficient and Can Cause Adverse Market Impacts GAO-11-636 http://www.gao.gov/assets/330/320024.pdf

1985 The Food Security Act

2010USAID 300 540,000

USAID KCCO Kansas City Commodity Office

USAID A

USAID

102

11

GAO HAITI RECONSTRUCTION U.S. Efforts Have Begun, Expanded Oversight Still to Be Implemented GAO-11-415 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11415.pdf

2010 1 231 6

10 USAID4 IHRC

Interim Haiti Recovery Commission

USAID IHRC Supplemental Appropriation Act2010

IHRC IHRC

USAIDIHRC

IHRC 12 GAO USAID

HAITI RECONSTRUCTION Factors Contributing to Delays in USAID Infrastructure Construction GAO-12-88http://www.gao.gov/assets/590/586701.pdf

412

USAIDUSAID

103

13 GAO

HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE Project Evaluations and Better Information Sharing Needed to Manage the Military's Efforts GAO-12-359 http://www.gao.gov/assets/590/588334.pdf

2005 2010 383USAID

2 3

USAID 12

Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid OHDACA

14 IG

USAID USAID/ 1AUDIT OF USAID/LEBANON’S UNIVERSITY STUDENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM 1 http://www.usaid.gov/oig/public/fy12rpts/6-268-12-006-p.pdf

USAID the University Students Assistance Program USAP 1 13.5

IGUSAID 1

USAID/ USAP1

104

15 IG USAID

USAID/ HIV/AIDS AUDIT OF USAID/GUINEA’S HIV/AIDS AND FISTULA CARE ACTIVITIES http://gopher.info.usaid.gov/oig/public/fy11rpts/7-675-11-010-p.pdf

2005 USAID

USAID

HIV/AIDS

USAID/

USAID

16 IG USAID

USAID/ AUDIT OF USAID/MOROCCO’S ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS PROJECT http://www1.usaid.gov/oig/public/fy12rpts/7-608-12-002-p.pdf

USAID/Morocco 2009-2013 30

USAID/

USAID

17 GAO FOREIGN POLICE ASSISTANCE Defined Roles and Improved Information Sharing Could Enhance

105

Interagency Collaboration GAO-12-534http://gao.gov/assets/600/590747.pdf

2011 2009 1 107 35

NSC

18

FOREIGN ASSISTANCE Clearer Guidance Needed on Compliance Overseas with Legislation Prohibiting Abortion-Related Lobbying GAO-12-35 http://www.gao.gov/assets/590/585758.pdf

200718

GAO

USAID

USAID

19

FOREIGN ASSISTANCE Action Needed to Help Ensure Quality and Sustainability of USAID Road in Indonesia GAO-12-728http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/592677.pdf

2004908

USAID 245 1502009

91 2012 4 256

106

GAO USAID USAID

USAID

21

GAO USAID

FOREIGN ASSISTANCE USAID Needs to Improve Its Strategic Planning to Address Current and Future Workforce Needs GAO-10-496http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10496.pdf

USAID 100 2003 GAO

GAO USAID

USAID 6

USAID

22

GAO

FOREIGN ASSISTANCE Measures to Prevent Inadvertent Payments to Terrorists Under Palestinian Aid Programs Have Been Strengthened, but Some Weaknesses Remain GAO-09-622http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09622.pdf

2008575 USAID

UNRWA

GAO USAID UNRWA

UNRWA

USAIDUNRWA

107

23 GAO

FOREIGN AID REFORM Comprehensive Strategy, Interagency Coordination, and Operational Improvements Would Bolster Current Efforts GAO-09-192http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09192.pdf

USAID Director of Foreign Assistance DFAUSAID

USAID

GAO USAID

USAID

24 GAO United Nations Procurement Internal Controls Are Weak GAO-06-577http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-06-577

1 2 3 45

108

25 GAO United Nations: Improved Reporting and Member States' Consensus Needed for Food and AgricultureOrganization's Reform Plan GAO-11-922 http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-922

Immediate Plan of Action for FAO Renewal IPA272

30

IPA2013 IPA

26

GAO United Nations Renovations Best Practices Could Enhance Future Cost Estimates GAO-12-795http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-795

2006 12 18 8000 2014Capital Master Plan CMP

CMP

GAO CMP

CMPGAO CMP

27 GAO

World Bank Group Important Steps Taken on Internal Control but Additional Assessments Should Be Made GAO-03-366,http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-03-366

109

2001 2002

28

GAO World Bank Management Controls Stronger, but Challenges in Fighting Corruption RemainNSIA-00-73http://www.gao.gov/products/NSIAD-00-73

29 GAO

United Nations Oil for Food Program Audits GAO-05-346Thttp://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-05-346T

1990

2004 OIOS

110

58GAO OIOS

OIOS 58

30 GAO

UN Internal Oversight Progress Made on Independence and Staffing Issues, but Further Actions Are Needed GAO-11-871 http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-871

2005 GAO OIOS2006 GAO OIOS

OIOS

2006 Independent Audit Advisory Committee: IAAC

GAO 1 OIOS 2

GAO OIOS OIOS

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31 GAO

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18 8 2014

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2010 GPRA GPRA

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HIGHER EDUCATION : Approaches to Attract and Fund International Students in the United

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INTERNATIONAL FOOD ASSISTANCE Better Nutrition and Quality Control Can Further

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24

25 2

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