T Thesis, Main Ideas, Supporting Details, and Transitions Reading Across the Disciplines, 5/e...

T Thesis, Main Ideas, Supporting Details,and Transitions

Reading Across the Disciplines, 5/e Kathleen McWhorter

Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1: Identify the thesis

What is a thesis?


LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2: Find the main idea

How do you find the main idea?

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.


Locations of topic sentences:

Copyright © 2012 Pearson education, Inc.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2: Find main ideas



A paragraph is a group of related sentences. The sentences are all about one thing called the topic. Aparagraph expresses a single idea about the topic. This idea is called the main idea. All the other sentences inthe paragraph support the main idea. These sentencesare called supporting details.




Distinguishing between general and specific ideas

A general idea applies to a larger number of individualitems. The term television programs is general becauseit refers to a large collection of shows—soap operas, sports specials, sit-coms, and so on. A specific idea or term is more detailed or particular. It refers to an individual term. The term reality TV for example, is more specific than the word program. The title Survivor is more specific.


Each of the following items is made up of one general idea and four specific ideas. Place an (X) in front of the general idea.

1. ____chair _____furniture ____sofa ____desk ____table

2. ____automobile ____Ford ____Oldsmobile ____Toyota ____Honda

3. ____volleyball ____hockey ____sports ____football ____baseball

4. ____fruit ____apple ____plum ____peach ____banana

5. ____rose ____flowers ____carnation ____daisy ____tulipCopyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Each of the following items is made up of one general idea and four specific ideas. Place an (X) in front of the general idea.

1. ____chair __X__ furniture ____sofa ____desk ____table

2. __X__ automobiles ____Ford ____Oldsmobile ____Toyota ____Honda

3. ____volleyball ____hockey __X__ sports ____football____baseball

4. __X__ fruit ____apple ____plum ____peach ____banana

5. ____rose ____X__ flowers _____carnation _____daisy _____tulip


LEARNING OBJECTIVE 3: Finding the implied main idea

Here is a sample paragraph; identify the implied mainidea.

Severe punishment may generate such anxiety in children that they do notlearn the lesson the punishment was designed to teach. Moreover, as a reaction to punishment that they regard as unfair, children may avoid punitive parents, who therefore will have fewer opportunities to teach andguide the child. In addition, parents who use physical punishment provideaggressive models. A child who is regularly slapped, spanked, shaken, orshouted at may learn to use these forms of aggression in interactions withpeers.

--Newcombe, Child Development, p. 354


LEARNING OBJECTIVE 3: Finding the implied main idea

Topic: Punishment


Which of the following is not one of the steps in finding the implied main idea?

A. Find the topic.B. Look for a sentence that states the main idea.C. Figure out the most important idea the writer

wants you to know about the topic.D. Express the main idea in your own words.


Which of the following is not one of the steps in finding the implied main idea?

A. Find the topic.B. Look for a sentence that states the main idea.C. Figure out the most important idea the writer wants you to know about the topic.D. Express the main idea in your own words.


LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4: Recognize supporting details

What are supporting details?

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LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4: Recognizing Supporting Details


LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4: Recognizing Supporting Details


LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4: Recognizing supporting details


LEARNING OBJECTIVE 5: Recognize transitions

What are transitions?


LEARNING OBJECTIVE 5: Recognize transitions


Fill in each blank with the correct transition from the box. Use each word only once.

until after also because butmoreover once during another in addition

1. _______ every Christmas dinner, our entire familyassembles in front of the television to watch footballgames.

2. Rusty, a three-year-old collie, loved going for rides in the car _______ my father drove into the ditch.

3. Sally is easily angered; _______, she remained upsetbecause her friend Betty failed to say good morning.

4. George hates sports; ________, he refuses to watchany game on TV or go to any sporting event.



5. To succeed as a musician, first, you must have talent. You must ________ work hard.

6. The Davis family listened to music, sang songs, and told

stories ________ during the long drive from New York to

California.7. Mary said, “I love you Bob, ______ your smoking drives

me crazy.”8. One way to improve vocabulary skills is to recognize new

and different words; ________ way is to use these words

while speaking and writing.


Fill in each blank with the correct transition from the box . Use each word only once.

9. To keep your gums healthy, you should floss ________ to brushing your teeth twice a day.

10. Some young people join gangs ________ they feel a need

to belong.


Fill in each blank with the correct transition word from the box. Use each word only once.

1. After___ every Christmas dinner, our entire familyassembles in front of the television to watch footballgames.

2. Rusty, a three-year-old collie, loved going for rides in thecar until___ my father drove into the ditch.

3. Sally is easily angered; once_, she remained upsetbecause her friend Betty failed to say good morning.

4. George hates sports; moreover, he refuses to watchany game on TV or go to any sporting event.



5. To succeed as a musician, first, you must have talent.You must also work hard.

6. The Davis family listened to music, sang songs, and told

stories _during_ the long drive from New York toCalifornia.

7. Mary said, “I love you, Bob, _but___your smoking drives me crazy.”

8. One way to improve vocabulary skills is to recognizenew and different words as you read; _another_way is to use these words while speaking and writing.Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.


9. To keep your gums healthy, you should floss _in addition_.

to brushing your teeth twice a day.10. Some young people join gangs _because_ they feel

a need to belong.


Comprehensive Review of Skills: Fill in the blank with the correct term from the box. Use each word only once.

phrase general idea what specific idea topicpoint topic sentence main supporting major

1. A ________ answers the question, “Who or what is thispassage about?

2. The topic can be a word, name, or ________.3. A _________ applies to a larger number of individual items.4. A _________ or term is more detailed or particular.5. A _________ idea is the author’s most important point about

a topic.6. A _________ is the sentence that expresses the paragraph’s

main idea.Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Comprehensive Review of Skills. Fill in the blank with the correct term from the box.

7. To find the topic ask: “Who or _______is the passageabout?”

8. To find the main idea, ask: “What is the most important

_______ the author is making about the topic?”9. _______ details are those facts and ideas that prove or

explain the main idea of a paragraph.10. The supporting details that directly support the main

idea are called _________details.


Comprehensive Review of Skills: Fill in the blank with the correct term from the box. Use each word only once.

phrase general idea what specific idea topic point topic sentence main supporting major

1. A topic_____ is who or what the passage is about.2. The topic can be a word, name, or phrase.3. A general idea applies to a large number of individual items.4. A specific idea or term is more detailed or particular.5. A main___ idea is the author’s most important point about

a topic.6. A topic sentence is the sentence that expresses the paragraph’s

main idea.


Comprehensive Review of Skills. Fill in the blank with the correct term from the box. Use each word only once.

7. To find the topic, ask: “Who or what__ is the passageabout?”

8. To find the main idea, ask: “What is the most important

point__ the author is making about the topic?9. Supporting details are those facts and ideas that prove

or explain the main idea of a paragraph.10. The supporting details that directly support the main idea

are called major_details.


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