t50.1 ( i fS f

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCEBUREAU OF STANDARDS

George K. Burgess, Director

LIBsARYMISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION OF THE

BUREAU OF STANDARDSNo. 71

(Issued November 21, 1925)

Price per copy, 10 cents

COMPRESSIBILITIES OF GASES

Graphs for Computing the Compressibilities of Air, Argon, Helium, Hydrogen, Methane, Neon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen,and for Computing the Volumes Delivered from Cylinders Containing Argon, Helium, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, andOxygen at High Pressures

The following graphs from Circular No. 279, The Rela-

tions Between the Temperatures, Pressures, and Densities ofGases, have been reproduced on a larger scale in order that

they may be used for obtaining numerical values. Thegraphs showing the factors for computing the compressibili-ties of gases up to pressures of 200 atmospheres contain

nearly all of the published data covering this range of tem-perature and pressure, and the curves are drawn according

to what appear to be the most probable values. The graphsindicating the volume of gas delivered from a cylinder con-

training the gas at high pressure have been computed forcylinders having a volume of 1.528 cubic feet, which is thevolume of the so-called "200-foot" cylinder. For a cylinderof any other capacity the volume delivered would be pro-portional to the volume of the cylinder. In other words,the figure obtained from the graph should be multiplied by

V , where V is the volume (in cubic feet) of the cylinder1.528in question.

LtNTENTS

273.1Graphs 1 to 8. Values of the factor 7-pc plotted against the

pressure, where T is the absolute temperature (*C.), p the

pressure in atmospheres, and v the volume, which is unity at0* C. and 1 atmosphere of pressure-----------------------

Graph 1. Air--------------------------------------------Graph 2. Argon------------------------------------------Graph 3. Helium-.. ------ .----- -------------- --Graph 4. Hydrogen ___----- __----------------- __Graph 5. Methane---------------------------------------Graph 6. Neon-------------------------------------------

I Prepared by S. F. Pickering, Associate chemist.66339--25t

Page

2-9234567

Graph 7. Nitrogen - --- -- __-_-.---- -- _ _Graph8. Oxygen-- - ---- --. .- - -Graphs 9 to 13. Volume (measured at 680 F. and 1 atmosphere)

of gas delivered from a cylinder containing the gas at highpressure_------------------------------------------------

Graph 9. Argon------------------------------------ -Graph 10. Helium----------------------------Graph 11. Hydrogen-----------------------------Graph 12. Nitrogen-____---_____- -Graph 13. Oxygen---------------------------------------

metadcl00682

ii

//

Page89

10-141011121314

1

I

f I

.090

1.000

I.,070

1.000

1.050

1.040

El

1.030

0 _

.02i

1.010

1.000

.990

.970III I I

D-I

ii

2

-K

50 C

I Q

p-

- -- ii=

L5.7 C

0

0CE

I- I

--- ,~ -- l i n ~ l f

4 0 50 -70 00 90 100 110 I20130 14UU I IU uu iW iw ,

PAE55UPE [ATMOSPHERES,

FIG. 1.-The compressibility factors for air

2

D

zoo.4 c

AIR

] A AMAGAT 1393O HOLBORN AND 5EHULTZE 19 I5O PENNING I9 24

- --

mtp ..-. rte .. n IrJn I7f7

-1J_

lill 111,4101111 11111 11 11111 111 1110 I I I I I I E I 1 ,I/' I P 4-i i I I i i i i i ii

r i r Tr

]

]

-t7

I

i 7nirnnn 160 I90 30

-~

31. DEN

I.OEI

1.011

1.001

.gg1

PRESSURE [ATMo5PMEnES

FIG. 2.-The compressibility factors for argon.

-LE--- - - - --

D

150

00

-005 -

ANIG I

a Q M5Y AD T AE2001 ---

'AIi U4 50 1 0

00K

.971

a

1J

.950:

.940

.930

VV 11-1 iuuILiu au

0.o 56

.0541

1.0500

.0 480

.0460

.0440

.0420

1.0400

.0300

.0340

1 .0300

.0280

.0260

.0220

1.0200

.0180

10160

.0140

.0120

1.0100

.0080

.0060

.0040

.0020

1.0000

.g980

0

2I

0

/

D/

- - - -- HELIUM

0 Of -F- _ ~119070 hoLBO~ri ANiD 5CHULTZE 1915

- -- - -- ---- I ----- _0MIBRrI DOT OIZ

7n o-- -MEMMMMMMMMM MMM

JO 20 30 40 50 60 70 t

ABSOLUTE RE55tJR. IN ATMOSPHERES

Fia. 3.-The compressibility factors for helium

00 90 100

4

---.-.--. --------------.--------------. --- o"

- - - - -H1'

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MM

MEMEMEEMEMMMMEMMMMMMM---7----MMEM

KI-(U

0cr

F-.UQ

/1

I

HIHI!

J

I

iii

5

I.i

1.1

i.'

1.11

1.0

I.E

1.0

1.o'

1. 00

25 - - - -

20

10

00 1--55 c

99.25 C

]90

200.25 c

70

- -- 20"C

50_100 C

-7-147 Y/Q~

40

A AMAGAT 1893-- CHALKWIJK E 1C too

- - Q0 NNE5 AND HYNDMAN 1902:30 ^ WITKOWSKI 1905

07- -

6

1.040

I.OEO

Int-n-

- - -- - - ----- 2-0

-50 -

5MIT -- -- LJOUBEPT

0 10n P 20 30 0 50 i Bn ir, 7n r,- in In Icu IJU 14 U IU 17 10 10 20gO 1 u u u u -u uu H 12O 130 140 150 100 10 160o 190 20

PPE55LJPE [ATMOSPHERES]FIG. 5.-The compressibility factors for methane

.- t-- a -4--- d-I-l-l 4 l

.96(

Ca .94(

r-

a

0

LI-

.U

.g BB

.Ee

.02C

.740

.7 740

I

71.049

1.0

1.0

1.03

1.0

1.02

0

0

U

Lam .021

I.DI

1.00

1.0o

-J I[ 3 31I I I II I I I I I I I I

-4D- 70I I

Bu0i I I i

9go 100PRESSURE [ATMOSPHERES]

FIG. 6.-The compressibility factors for neon

45-- ---

400

35-- -

30 -

- ---- ----- _ 0-

o -___O

0

c -

Q -

DATA OF UNE5 AND _

15 -- POMMELI I915

--- -- E

EQ flaE

114 - I-1h - - 93H ' ' Ak I I I- I 1 1 24 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 -Am I I I -I- I I -L-JI I I I I I I

II I I I I20 0

1.1o

PRESSURE ATMOSPHERE5]

FIG. 7.-The compressibility factors for nitrogen

1. 0!

I .O(

1.0

10

I.04

8

99.45

NITROGEN

0 AMAOIAT 1893--0O LBOrwN AND OTTO 922

1705MITN AND TAYLOR 192319-_-0C

/ /

i~~

-1-20C-

-7 /

iCD C/

O ,

.0 / /

O00 C- - -- - -

O -

innnna /nnN'!n

0. 0 OOQ/-0

0 0

0 I C

0

C o 0

10 20 3 40 i 5t 50 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 1413 1 16 170 100 190 200

N1

0I-L0

1.03

1.02[

3

9

1.035

1.03C

1.02

1.021

1.0151

1.010

1.00E

1.000

.995

99C

.905

.90

.975

.970

.955

950

.955

.950

.9451

.940

.935

.925C

.920

.9150

.9125

50

00

50

]0

50

50

D0

50

5050 00

15. "C

]0

0 -JYL

A/\-, T- .

0 20

0-

C---

0 -

0 ,15 55 C

) -- OXYGE N "aA AMAGAT 1093

lD O DNNES AND HYNDMAN I902 3.0 HOLBORN AND OTTO I922

Q - C KUYPER5 AND ONNE S 19 23

0 -

J 10 if0 JE Q 50 60 70 B 9O 01QQ l 2Q 13 M nIS 111 171 SO141 2 JPRE5sUnE [ATMOSPHEPE5]

Fi. 8.---The compressibility factors for oxygen

0

O-HiLL

n.... vu +u uu

10

2400130 140 150 160 170 160 190 200 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 331

2350

2320

2280

2240

2200

2160

2120

2040

2040

2000

g20

I o1 _

-e/

l/

7T

Ui -

1840

1000

1750

1720

AI- - - 11- t -- -41-4--4-!/Vy--f

/I!/

-A 7/

K7'

L

A

/

777

77A i

A /I Al / F UT /

--f-H

--7

.71<

-77_7i 1 - 1- - 1 - 1 I- 1 -+1 1-4-- V' A 4P--4/-4-/ -1 -4I 4 -- J- . ZI-

"Hi:u -

1460

71

AK

7R

S/I

-I -y

6/y 1 1-

IAA I/A/V I YIXVI

A77/1/Ir/

7/

7/

#1

7/A777

/I!

V17

v 114I i/I44U

A/IY/IlY A/IIII V/lA I I

77- /

H ~7/

ii/

I

77-4

/4

4y

I

7

I

77'4

E

V

P

77

' '-4 -I~IL _I_

i i

7

77

P

__

-Ii

i i

t7

--

0M

7/

in E1 I I

H4-1

27

APJ30FF0.M DATAo OLBORN

AND 5 C.IULTZE

I I I

I I I I

10130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 Z30 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330

VOLUME OF AJR301 DELIVEPLD [UBIC FEET]FIG. 9.-Volume of argon (measured at 1 atmosphere and 68* F.) delivered from a cylinder whose volume is 1.528 cubic feet

x-7

-4

Zr

:3i

U

U,1

'l

U,U,LiaLi0

L7I1600

16 40

1600

1560"'4-"

I

hL

1 I I I I I I I I I I i l l f,--T t-f tom I/I / I / l

-IT--I IILLLL

71 71 V F-F-f I -- I i H

i i i i i i !// AY11111111V V VIPA 1,11 1-4-4-t

-- - I I F I/ A /- 1 L A A A Y_ 1

iOf I 14 I I/ GiL1 1

1 1

Y 1 7f 1 1 1 1 1 - 1- 1 1 1 - 1 1 { iA I /I I /I I I I -I - I II I

-rII

''#'

9 Y 1 / 1 V I d I I I

I I / I I K I Iy I , 1 4 y / v

I

-A

7/-77

4-F

11

A

pf

i

I A Y IAI/l/i vi

11

24od2

ma[

130 140 150 150 170 180 190 200 210 2Z0 230 240 250 E60 270 280 290 30- - - - - - - - -- - - - - -0.U_

Z0 /I

---- - - 3--

D-

310 320

2 0 ofr EYLIDDEi

4,n L 1I1 1I1 1I[I I _II _I // I /Al/I/ VV//VUI //!VfAAl/

0-

0-

o -7H --- -- - - - - - - --0 ----

- -- /----- --------------

- HELIUM

- FROM DATA OF MOLBORNAND 5CHULTZE

--------

I--

123 130 140 150 130 170 I00 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 250 270 260 290 300 310 320

G.J Li.

2260

2240

2200

2160

2120l

20L

C3.U,

0

0.

jrt

0

lJ

200

1950

1926

1640

800

1750

17202

150015002

I550

152E0

1480

1440

1400 1

VOLUME E OF MELIUM DELIVERED [[UBI .FEETFia. 10.-Volume of helium measuredd at 1 atmosphere and 680 F.) delivered from a cylinder whose volume is 1.528 cubic feet

14U 4 - I ! I I I I I I I I ! I ! II I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I

i i i i , !! I I F I l I IF I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

M

23

uAVY

1-tul

A/A/A/A/Y// i

12

A -,-120 _130 r40 150f I 170f lFfl Io 1 'nn Pin Pe0 2 1n 2 nan r a ri c-n 1 Iran Pon 'nn ri

233

22E

224

215

212

204

200

19 6

1921

1001

104(

1001

175C

172C

1641

10

15 DC

1520

1400

14412

1400

zap .iL Lu Iu = u U j 4 o o 2 eau ego 30uu Ulu 32

20

40

00,;

00

TEMPERATURE0 oa e OF CYLINDER

0

0

O

0 I- - -A

0

HYDROGEN1

FROM DATA OF HOLEORN

-I I I I 1 i i I 7 I6 I O EIO-2211 230 24n 250 200 27n 0 2 en 00 Rn

) '

Li

Ll

JO'L11

Of

W,Elhi)Or.

VOLUME OF HYDROGEri DELIVERED [[UBIC FEET]FIG. 11.-Volume of hydrogen (measured at 1 atmosphere and 680 F.) delivered from a cylinder whose volume is 1.528 cubic feet

31u 3r DU

za

I? 130 140 150 160 170 I8o 190 z0o

IIIiIIIIIIII! I I II Iii I I 111 ~V

13

210 2?D 230 240 25 0 60 270 280 e90 300 31 320

A-tAL/aykLFVH/KyH7E41

2[

-~

21

210 Jc

00

u

U,'0

0

U,U,Wa

0

0 30 EJO 140 0 150 [70 150 19 000I2107220D30Y 24 02 30 Z 60 N O2 7 0 0 3 0VOLUME OF NITROGEN DELIVEED [UBIC FEET

FIG. 12.-Volume of nitrogen (measured at 1 atmosphere and 680 F.) delivered from a cylinder whose volume is 1.528 cubic feet

F

.1n

8-- nnF - " Ini gin

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM EMMMMM M10

'40M 9M~g-II= M

MMMMMM~jMIMIMII. 6050

:00MMMIIIIMMMM

MMMMMIMIMM ~ EMPERATU

10 OF EYLSII.MI NDERM

50IMIIIIIIIMMM

20 IIIIIII~MMMM

180IMMIMMMMMM

140 AllMMM M LiM MM M M ~1.00IIIM

III .M .. |..

50MIISMMMIM.IM

40 - -. -IN MM - "

0FO AAO OB 1A O

50MIMMMMIMEM

ZOMIMMMM4!IM

6R

14

4ISO 150 170 180 90f P21fl 2111 220 23 1f2 41 e5n 2Fl 7n 8rP anin 2r, '3D

2351

2320

2201

2240

2240C

25000

150

20

1450

1940

1540

1640

14 B

1440

140 11

~if lo u Cju E4 250 250 270 260 290 30

uTLi

wI~QZ

LflL

uIa-o.

0

TEMPERATURE_. ~~~~~~OF EYL IrDEa -p, L(/ F-/

-OD.-0

50JM D OTTO10 f I =r . -. --

"A / 17. " 30/MM

3 201'M MMINMM

-IMIMMIMMMIL ,tP"yM

0IMMMMMMlMMM

"0jenmnnnnMM

II ./FIMMNIMMIM

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

0MMEMMMMMEMM MMMMEMMMMMMOXYGEN'MM

MIIMMI .FROMM DT O OLNM

MMMMMIMMIMAND OTTOM

1. I n Wi n 17n I 111 9n Mn Jr1r In on i--os";; n .. ."...-..

VOLUMUE OF OXYGEn DELIVERED [EuBIc FEETFxa. 13.-Volume of oxygen (measured at 1 atmosphere and 680 F.) delivered from a cylinder whose volume is 1.528 cubic feet

310 3z0 33

yu

IJU 14U IOU iou I iu Itiu IYU zuu

ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROMTHE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

10 CENTS PER COPY

v