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CarrageenanCarrageenanCarrageenanCarrageenan Production FromProduction FromProduction FromProduction From

AlgaeAlgaeAlgaeAlgaeBIO-BORNEO 2012

BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMINAR24-25 February 2012

Pullman Hotel, Kuching Sarawak

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1998 Tawau

TAWAU

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Tawau Carrageenan

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Carrageenan a linear sulfated polysaccharidesextracted from red algae.

3 main commercial classes :

-Ka a forms stron ri id els in the resence of

potassium ions. (Kappaphycus Alvarezii /Eucheumacottonii)

-Iota forms soft gels in the presence of calcium ions.

(Eucheuma Denticulatum /spinosum)-Lambda does not gel, and is used thickener.(Gigartina)

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Kappaphycus Alvarezii

& Eucheuma Denticulatum

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http://www.fao.org

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Manila

CebuCity

Vietnam & Cambodia

Production area in the region

Singapore

Jakarta

Surabaya

Tawau

Makasar

Sempna

Manado

Kendari

Bali

Madura

Kupang

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-Kunak

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http://www.fao.org

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PROCESS FLOW CHARTRAW MATERIAL

SORT / WASH / CLEAN

CHEMICAL TREATMENT &MODIFICATION

DRY / STERILIZE / GRIND

SIFT / BLEND /STANDARDISING

CARRAGEENAN POWDER

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O-6 desulfation from C-6

Step 1. O-6 desulfation from C-6

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Dehydration and formation of the OH crosslinking results in theformation of the kappa carrageenan polymer

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Reorientation of the polymer to form helix which can form strongerbonds resulting in higher gel strength.

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Carrageenan Powder

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LatinAmerica

12%

45%

NorthAmerica

23%

Korea20%

Latin America Europe North America Japan & Korea

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DenmarkCanada

Existing Market

Poland

Japan

Chile

FranceSpainUnited States

Indonesia

Mexico

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION : Iota TS 150

ANALYSIS LIMITS

Moisture Content 30

Viscocity (cP)1.5% at 30 C Brookfield DVL+I spindle No 4, 20 rpm

10 000.0 - 30 000.0

1.5% at 10 C, 10% skimmed milk.Sun Rheometer

30 50

Total Plate Count (cfu/g) < 2000

Yeast & Mould (cfu/g) 90% Pass 150 Mesh

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION : Kappa TA 150 / TAG 150

ANALYSIS LIMITS

TA 150 TAG 150

Moisture Content

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950

1450

963

1447

800

1000

1200

1400

1600TAG vs TA(SRC) vs Refined Carrageenan

TA 150 SRC

350

300

0

200

400

600

g/cm2 g/cm2

Water Gel, KCl Gel,

TAG SRC

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1000

1200

1400

1600

Strength

KCl Reactivity

WG2 TAG+KCl

K/G2 TAG+KCl

K/G TA 899+KCl

0

200

400

600

800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Gel

Percentage Adding KCl

W/G TA 328+KC

W/G RC+KCl

K/G RC+KCl

H drocolloids 1st 1994 1st 2010 % Change

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Hydrocolloids 1st 1994 1st 2010 % Change

Agar 19.50 18.50 (5)

Alginate Salts 9.00 18.50 106

Alginates PGA 16.50 27.00 64

Arabic 8.00 3.50 (56)

CarrageenanCarrageenan (RC)(RC) 11.5011.50 13.5013.50 1717

CarrageenanCarrageenan (SRC)(SRC) 6.506.50 10.0010.00 5454CMC 4.50 5.00 11

MC/HPMC 11.00 11.00 -

-. . -

Gelatin 5.00 5.00 -

Gellan Gum 51.50 39.50 (23)

Guar 1.00 1.50 50

Locust Bean Gum 6.50 10.00 54

Pectin HM 8.50 12.00 41

Pectin LM 11.50 15.00 30

Starches 0.50 1.00 100

Xanthan Gum 11.50 6.00 (48)

Source : IMR Quarterly Review of Hydrocolloids

T bl 2 H d ll id M k t P j ti

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Table 2: Hydrocolloid Market Projection

Hydrocolloid 2009 2014 AGR

000 TPA $MM $MM 000TPA

Starches 1,350 1,350 1,491 1,491 2.0

Gelatine 200 850 221 938 2.0

Pectin 50 500 65 653 5.5

CarrageenanCarrageenan 5050 500500 5858 580580 3.03.0

Xanthan 50 350 64 447 5.0

Agar 15 250 17 283 2.5

.

CMC 40 150 45 170 2.5

LBG 30 150 35 174 3.0

Alginates 10 100 12 116 3.0

Guar 11 85 13 99 3.0

MCC 50 85 61 103 4.0

MC/HPMC 7 75 9 100 6.0

Other 6 50 7 58 3.0

Total 1,878 4,695 2,108 5,443 3.0

Source : IMR Quarterly Review of Hydrocolloids

Note: Data has been rounded. Forecast based on constant price.

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New Entrants

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Items/Year Production (mt) Value (RM)m Area (ha) No growers

2005 2,500 4.3 960 583

, . ,

2007 9,027 22.57 6,279 738

2008 11,300 44.52 7,730 950

2010 Est 25,000 75.00

(Philippines : 100,000mt Indonesia : 150,oo0mt)

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YEAR ESTIMATEDBONUS

AMOUNT (RM)

1st 25% 4,0002nd 40% 6,400

Seaweed = Gold

3 55 , 00

4th 55% 8,800

5th 125% 20,000

Total 300% 48,000RM16,000 InvestmentSupported byfederal government

Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia

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www.tacara.com.myThank You