Tajikistan Research Bibliography

Compiled by Christian Bleuer

September 2010

Tajikistan Research Bibliography English Publications

Working Draft

For updated version visit: http://tajikistanresearch.org/bibliography/

Compiled by Christian Bleuer Christian.Bleuer@anu.edu.au

September 2010

Suggestions for additional sources appreciated

Sections Introduction……………………………… 1. History…………………………………… 2. Identity (a) Tajik Identity…………………………. (b) Ethnic Minorities……………………... 3. Religion…………………………………... 4. Civil War…………………………………. 5. Post-Conflict……………………………… 6. Foreign relations………………………….. 7. Social Issues………………………………. 8. Gender…………………………………….. 9. Education………………………………....

Introduction This working draft is an attempt to catalogue the publications in English that focus on Tajikistan. English language sources on Tajikistan are weak in some areas, especially in regards to the Soviet era. This bibliography is for publications in social sciences, history, area studies, government and policy. I am also cataloguing sources in Russian and Tajiki. A complete bibliography should be released by later this year. For an updated version, please visit: http://tajikistanresearch.org/bibliography/ Christian Bleuer September 2010 1. History Abdullaev, Kamoludin, and Shahram Akbarzadeh. 2010. Historical dictionary of Tajikistan. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. Abdoullaev, Kamoludin. 1994. ‘Central Asian Emigres in Afghanistan: First Wave, 1920-31’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 4&5. Bashiri, Iraj, and Askaralī Rajabov. 2002. Prominent Tajik figures of the twentieth century. MN: International Borbad Foundation. Bergne, Paul. 2007. The Birth of Tajikistan: National Identity and the Origins of the Republic. London/New York: I. B. Tauris. Brown, Bess. 1990. ‘Unrest in Tajikistan’, RFE/RL Report on the USSR (February). Bushkov, V. I. 2000. ‘Population Migration in Tajikistan: Past and Present’, JCAS Symposium Series, No. 9. Bushkov, V. I. 1993. ‘Population of Northern Tajikistan (1870-1990)’, in State, Religion and Society in Central Asia: A Post Soviet Critique, edited by Vitaly Naumkin. Reading: Ithaca Press. Centlivres, Pierre and Micheline Centlivres-Demont. 1997. ‘Tajikistan and Afghanistan: The Ethnic Groups on Either Side of the Border’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner (eds.). New York: St. Martin’s Press. Dodkhudoyev, Nazarsho. 1959. Tajikistan: Land of Sunshine. Soviet Booklet No. 60/L, London.

Donovan, Leslie. 2007. Causes and consequences of 1970-1971 forced migration of the Yaghnobis in the Tajik SSR. MA, California State University. PDF Dudoignon, Stephane A. 2000. ‘The Role of Migrant Communities in the Politics of Central Asia: Prolegomenas for Further Comparative Studies: The Cases of Tajikistan and Tatarstan in the 1980s’, JCAS Symposium Series, No. 9 Goyette, Arthur Vincent. 1974. Ideology and industrial development: the case of Soviet Central Asia. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Hammer, Michel. 1997. ‘Perestroika as seen by some Tajik Historians’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner (editors). New York: St. Martin’s Press. Human Rights Watch. 1991. ‘Conflict in the Soviet Union: Tadzhikistan’, New York. Marsa, Gerald and Yochanan Altman. 1986. ‘The cultural bases of soviet central Asia’s second economy (Uzbekistan and Tajikistan)’, Central Asian Survey, 5(3/4). Naby, E. 1978. ‘Bobodzhon Gafurovich Gafurov, 1908-1977’, Slavic Review, 37(2). Niyazi, Aziz. 1993. ‘The Year of Tumult: Tajikistan after February 1990’, in State, Religion and Society in Central Asia: A Post Soviet Critique, edited by Vitaly Naumkin. Reading: Ithaca Press. Nourzhanov, Kirill. 1997. Politics and change in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Australian National University. Nourzhanov, Kirill. 2008. ‘Reassessing the Basmachi: warlords without ideology?’ Journal of South Asia and Middle East Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3. Penati, Beatrice. 2007. ‘The Reconquest of East Bukhara: the struggle against the Basmachi as a prelude to Sovietization’, Central Asia Survey, Vol. 26, No. 4. Rakowska-Harmstone, Teresa. 1970. Russia and Nationalism in Central Asia: The Case of Tadzhikistan. Baltimore/London: The Johns Hopkins Press. Riordan, John P. 2008. ‘Red DIME: Dissecting the Bolshevik Liquidation Campaign in the Ferghana Valley against the Basmachi Resistance’, SAMS Monograph. PDF Ritter, William S. 1990. ‘Revolt in the Mountains: Fuzail Maksum and the Occupation of Garm, Spring 1929’, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 25, No. 4. Ritter, William S. 1985. ‘The Final Phase in the Liquidation of Anti-Soviet Resistance in Tadzhikistan: Ibrahim Bek and the Basmachi, 1924-31’, Soviet Studies, Vol. 37(4).

Roy, Olivier. 2000. The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations. New York: NYU Press. 2. Identity (a) Tajik ethnic identity, Nationalism, ethnogenesis and historiography: Abashin, Sergei. 2003. ‘The transformation of ethnic identity in Central Asia: a case study of the Uzbeks and Tajiks’, Russian Regional Perspectives Journal, Vol. 1(2). Atkin, Muriel. 1994. ‘Tajiks and the Persian World’, in Central Asia in Historical Perspective. Edited by Beatrice F. Manz. Oxford: Westview Press. Atkin, Muriel. 1993. ‘Tajik national identity’, Iranian Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1. Atkin, Muriel. 1993. ‘Tajikistan: Ancient Heritage, New Politics’, in Nations and Politics in the Soviet Successor States. Ian Bremmer and R. Taras (Editors). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Beeman, William O. 1999. ‘The Struggle for Identity in Post-Soviet Tajikistan’, Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 3, No. 4. Bekhradnia, Shahin. 1994. ‘The Tajik case for a Zoroastrian identity’, Religion, State and Society, Volume 22, Issue 1. Blakkisrud, Helge, and Shahnoza Nozimova. 2010. ‘History writing and nation building in post-independence Tajikistan’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 38, No. 2. Bosworth, C.E. and B.G. Fragner. 2009. ‘Tadjik’, in Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd Edition. Edited by P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Netherlands: Brill. Chika, Obiya. 2001. ‘When Faizulla Khojaev Decided to Be an Uzbek’, in Islam and Politics in Russia and Central Asia (Early Eighteenth to Late Twentieth Centuries). Stéphane Dudoignon and Komatsu Hisao (editors). London/New York: Kegan Paul. Hickson, Jill E. 2003. ‘Using Law to Create National Identity: The course to democracy in Tajikistan’, Texas International Law Journal, Vol. 38 (Spring).

Jahangiri, Guissou. 1997. ‘The Premises for the Construction of a Tajik National Identity, 1920-1930’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner (editors). New York: St. Martin’s Press. Jernudd, Bjorn. 1965. ‘The Language Situation in Tadzhik SSR’, Anthropological Linguistics, Vol. 7, No. 3, Part II. Kayani, Saima Ashraf. 2006. Islam and Nationalism in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Quaid-i-Azam University. PDF Laruelle, Marlene. 2007. ‘The Return of the Aryan Myth: Tajikistan in Search of a Secularized National Ideology’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 35, No. 1. Levi, Scott C. 2007. ‘Turk and Tajik in Central Asian History’, in Everyday Life in Central Asia. J. Sahadeo and R. Zanca (Eds). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Marat, Erica. 2008. ‘National Ideology and Statebuilding in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Silk Road Paper. PDF Markowitz, L. 2008. ‘How master frames mislead: division and eclipse of nationalist movements in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 32(4). Nourzhanov, Kirill. 2001. ‘The Politics of History in Tajikistan: Reinventing the Samanids’, Harvard Asia Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 1. Rahmonov, Emomali. 2001. The Tajiks in the Mirror of History: From the Aryans to the Samanids. Guernsey, United Kingdom: London River Editions. Schoeberlein-Engel, John S. 1994. Identity in Central Asia: Construction and contention in the conceptions of "Ozbek," "Tajik," "Muslim," "Samarqandi" and other groups. PhD dissertation, Harvard University. Subtelny, Maria Eva. 1994. ‘The Symbiosis of Turk and Tajik’, in Central Asia in Historical Perspective. Edited by B. F. Manz. Oxford: Westview Press. Spinetti, Federico. Music, politics and identity in post-Soviet Tajikistan. PhD, University of London, 2006. Wennberg, Franz. 2002. ‘The Globality of Tajik Nationalisms: A Research Note’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 21, No. 4.

(b) Ethnic minorities, interethnic relations and identity Abashin, Sergei. 2003. ‘The transformation of ethnic identity in Central Asia: a case study of the Uzbeks and Tajiks’, Russian Regional Perspectives Journal, Vol. 1(2). Bleuer, Christian. 2007. Uzbeks Versus the Center: Mobilization as an Ethnic Minority in the Tajikistan and Afghanistan Civil Wars. MA, Indiana University. PDF Bozrikova, T. N. 2004. ‘Problems of Ethnic Minorities in Tajikistan’, Working Paper prepared for the UN OHCHR. Word Doc Fumagalli, Matteo. 2007. ‘Framing ethnic minority mobilisation in Central Asia: The cases of the Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 59 (4). Fumagalli, Matteo. 2005. The Dynamics of Uzbek Ethno-political Mobilization in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: 1991-2003. PhD dissertation. University of Edinburgh. Hierman, Brent. 2010. ‘What use was the election to us? Clientelism and political trust amongst ethnic Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 38(2). Olimov, M. A. and Saodat Olimova. 2002 ‘Ethnic Factors and Local Self-Government in Tajikistan’, in Valery Tishkov and Elena Filippova (editors) Local Governance and Minority Empowerment in the CIS. Budapest: LGI Books/ Open Society Institute. Schoeberlein-Engel, John S. 1994. Identity in Central Asia: Construction and contention in the conceptions of "Ozbek," "Tajik," "Muslim," "Samarqandi" and other groups. PhD dissertation, Harvard University. Schoeberlein-Engel, John. 1994. ‘Conflicts in Tajikistan and Central Asia: The Myth of Ethnic Animosity’, Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review, Vol. 1, No. 2.

3. Religion Abashin, Sergei. 2006. ‘The logic of Islamic practice: a religious conflict in Central Asia’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 25, No. 3. Arabov, Oumar. 2004. ‘A note on Sufism in Tajikistan: what does it look like?’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 23, No. 3-4. Atkin, Muriel. 1995. ‘Islam as Faith Politics and Bogeyman in Tajikistan’, The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. Michael Bourdeaux (editor). London/New York: M.E. Sharpe. Atkin, Muriel. 1989. ‘The Survival of Islam in Soviet Tajikistan’, The Middle East Journal, Vol. 43, No. 4. Atkin, Muriel. 1989. The Subtlest Battle: Islam in Soviet Tajikistan. Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute. De Cordier, Bruno. 2008. ‘Islamic faith-based development organizations in former Soviet Muslim environments: The Mountain Societies Development Support Programme in the Rasht valley, Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 27, No. 2. Dudoignon, Stephane. 2004. ‘Local Lore, the Transmission of Learning, and Communal Identity in Late 20th-Century Tajikistan’, in Devout Societies vs. Impious States? Transmitting Islamic Learning in Russia, Central Asia and China, through the Twentieth Century. Stephane Dudoignon (Editor). Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag. Epkenhans, Tim. 2009. ‘Regulating religion in Post-Soviet Central Asia: Some remarks on Religious Association Law and ‘official’ Islamic institutions in Tajikistan’, Security and Human Rights, No. 1. Gretsky, Sergei. 1994. “Profile: Qadi Akbar Turajonzoda,” Central Asia Monitor, 1. Iloliev, Abdulmamad. 2008. ‘Popular culture and religious metaphor: saints and shrines in Wakhan region of Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Volume 27, Issue 1. Karagiannis, Emmanuel. 2006. ‘The challenge of radical Islam in Tajikistan: Hizb ut Tahrir al-Islami’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 34, No. 1. Kayani, Saima Ashraf. 2006. Islam and Nationalism in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Quaid-i-Azam University. PDF Makhamov, M. 1994. ‘Islam and the political development of Tajikistan after 1985’, in Central Asia: Strategic Importance and Future Prospects. Hafeez Malik (editor). Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Marshallsay, Zaniah. 2009. ‘The State and Islam in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan: Managing religion in a secular environment’, Paper presented to the Australasian Political Studies Association Annual Conference. PDF Martin, Keith. 1997. ‘Regional and Religious Politics in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan: Some Preliminary Notes’, Demokratizatsiya, Vol. 5, No. 3. Mullojonov, Parviz. 2001. ‘The Islamic Clergy in Tajikistan since the End of the Soviet Period’, in S.A. Dudoignon and K. Hisao (eds.), Islam in Politics in Russia and Central Asia (Early Eighteenth to Late Twentieth Centuries), New York: Kegan Paul. Niiazi, A. and S. Lang. 1997. ‘Islam in Tajikistan’, Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia, Vol. 36, No 2. Niyazi, Aziz. 1999. ‘Islam and Tajikistan’s Human and Ecological Crisis’, in M. H. Ruffin and D. C. Waugh (eds.), Civil Society in Central Asia. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Niyazi, Aziz. 1998. ‘Islam in Tajikistan: Tradition and modernity’, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 26, No. 1. Olimova, Saodat and Muzaffar Olimov. 2001. ‘The Islamic Renaissance Party’, in K. Abdullaev and C. Barnes (eds.), Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process. London: Conciliation Resources. Poliakov, Sergei P. 1992. Everyday Islam: Religion and Tradition in Rural Central Asia. London: M. E. Sharpe. Steinberg, Jonah. 2006. The anatomy of the Transnation: The globalization of the Isma`ili Muslim community. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Stephan, Manja. 2007. ‘'You Come to Us Like a Black Cloud': Universal versus Local Islam in Tajikistan’, in The Postsocialist Religious Question: Faith and Power in Central Asia and East-Central Europe. CM Hann (Editor). Berlin: Lit. Turajonzoda, Qadi Akbar. 1995. ‘Religion: The Pillar of Society’, in Central Asia: Conflict, Resolution and Change. Roald Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower (Editors). Chevy Chase, MD: Center for Post-Soviet Studies. Yilmaz, Ihsan. 2009. ‘An Islamist Party, Constraints, Opportunities and Transformation to Post-Islamism: The Tajik Case’, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, Cilt 5, Sayı 18 . PDF

4. Civil War Abdullaev, K. N., and Catherine Barnes. 2001. Politics of compromise: the Tajikistan peace process. London: Conciliation Resources. Abdullo, Rashid. G. 2001. ‘Implementation of the 1997 General Agreement’, in Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process. Kamoludin Abdullaev and Catharine Barnes (editors). London: Conciliation Resources. Akbarzadeh, Shahram. 1997. Nation-building in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. PhD dissertation, La Trobe University. Akbarzadeh, Shahram. 1996. ‘Why Did Nationalism Fail in Tajikistan?’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 48, No. 7. Akcali, Pinar. 1998. Identity politics and political mobilization in Central Asia: The case of the Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP). PhD dissertation, Miami University. Akhmedov, S. ‘Tajikistan II: The Regional Conflict in Confessional and International Context’, in Conflicting Loyalties and the State in Post-Soviet Russia and Eurasia. M. Waller, B. Coppieters and A. Malashenko (editors). London: Frank Cass. Akiner, Shirin and Catharine Barnes. 2001. ‘The Tajik Civil War: Causes and Dynamics’, in Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process. Kamoludin Abdullaev and Catharine Barnes (editors). London: Conciliation Resources. Akiner, Shirin. 2001. Tajikistan: Disintegration or Reconciliation? London: RIIA. Amnesty International. 1993. Tadzhikistan: compilation document. New York, N.Y. Anderson, John. 1997. ‘Islam, ethnicity and regional conflict: the case of Tajikistan’, chapter in The International Politics of Central Asia. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Atkin, Muriel. 1997. ‘Tajikistan’s Civil War’, Current History (October). Atkin, Muriel. 1997. ‘Tajikistan: reform, reaction, and civil war’, in New States, New Politics: Building the Post-Soviet Nations. I. Bremer and R. Taras (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Atkin, Muriel. 1994. ‘The Politics of Polarization in Tajikistan’, in Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects. Hafeez Malik (editor). New York: St. Martin’s Press. Auten, Brian. 1996. ‘Tajikistan Today’, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 19.

Bleuer, Christian. 2007. Uzbeks Versus the Center: Mobilization as an Ethnic Minority in the Tajikistan and Afghanistan Civil Wars. MA, Indiana University. PDF Brown, Bess. 1997. ‘The Civil War in Tajikistan, 1992-1993’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner (Editors). New York: St. Martin's Press. Brown, Bess. 1992. ‘Whither Tajikistan’, RFE/RL Research Report, Vol. 1, No. 24. Djalili, Mohammad-Reza, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. 1997. Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Driscoll, Jesse R. 2009. Exiting anarchy: Militia politics after the post-Soviet wars. PhD dissertation, Stanford University. Driscoll, Jesse. 2009. ‘Inside Anarchy: Militia Incorporation as State-Building.’ PDF Driscoll, Jesse. 2009. ‘Commitment Problems or Bidding Wars? Rebel Fragmentation as Peace-Building’, Prepared for the 14th Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Nationalities. PDF Dudoignon, Stephane A. 1997. ‘Political Parties and Forces in Tajikistan, 1989-1993’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner (editors). New York: St. Martin’s Press. Gretsky, Sergei. 1995. ‘Civil War in Tajikistan: Causes, Developments, and Prospects for Peace’, in Central Asia: Conflict, Resolution, and Change. Roald Z. Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower (editors). Chevy Chase, Maryland: CPSS Press. Hetmanek, Allen. 1993. ‘Islamic Revolution and Jihad come to the former Soviet Central Asia: The case of Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Volume 12, Issue 3. Human Rights Watch. 1996. ‘Tajik Refugees in Northern Afghanistan: Obstacles to Repatriation’, Human Rights Watch Report. Online Human Rights Watch. 1995. ‘Return to Tajikistan: Continued Regional and Ethnic Tensions’, Human Rights Watch Report, Vol. 7, No. 9. Online Human Rights Watch. 1994. ‘Political Prisoners in Tajikistan’, Human Rights Watch Report. PDF Human Rights Watch. 1994. ‘Human Rights in Tajikistan: On the Eve of Presidential Elections’, Human Rights Watch Report. PDF Human Rights Watch. 1993. Human Rights in Tajikistan: In the Wake of Civil War’, Human Rights Watch Report. PDF

Jawad, Nassim and Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh. 1995. Tajikistan: A Forgotten Civil War. London: Minority Rights Group. Khaidarov, G. and M. Inomov, Tajikistan: Tragedy and Anguish of the Nation. St. Petersburg: LINKO. Khodjibaev, Karim. 1999. ‘Small Arms Proliferation and Social Militarization in Tajikistan’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 3. Khodjibaeva, Moukhabbat. 1999. ‘Television and the Tajik Conflict’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 1. Khudonazar, Anaita. 2004. ‘The Other’, Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Working Paper Series. PDF Khudonazar, Davlat. 1995. ‘The Conflict in Tajikistan: Questions of Regionalism’, in Roald Z. Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower (editors), Central Asia: Conflict, Resolution, and Change. Chevy Chase, Maryland: CPSS Press. Khudonazarov, Davlat. 1993. Tajikistan: tragedy and prospects, perspectives of a democratic leader. Washington DC: The George Washington University, Elliott School of International Affairs. Kiasatpour, Soleiman M. 1998. Regime transition in post-Soviet Central Asia: The cases of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. PhD diss., University of California, Riverside. Kosach, Grigorii G. 1995. ‘Tajikistan: Political Parties in an Inchoate National Space’, in Yaacov Ro’i (ed.), Muslim Eurasia: Conflicting Legacies. London: Frank Cass. Lynch, Dov. 2001. ‘The Tajik civil war and peace process’, Civil Wars, Vol. 4, No. 4. Lynch, Dov. 1997. Russian peacekeeping strategies in the CIS, 1992-1996: the cases of Moldova, Georgia and Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, University of Oxford. Markowitz, Lawrence. 2005. Collapsed and Prebendal States in Post-Soviet Eurasia: Cross-Regional Determinants of State Formation in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Matveeva, Anna. 2009. ‘The Perils of Emerging Statehood: Civil War and State Reconstruction in Tajikistan an Analytical Narrative on State-Making’, Crisis States Research Centre Working Paper, No. 46. Niyazi, Aziz. 1998. ‘Tajikistan I: The Regional Dimension of Conflict’, in Michael Waller, Bruno Coppieters and Alexei Malashenko (editors), Conflicting Loyalties and the State in Post- Soviet Russia and Eurasia. London: Frank Cass.

Nourzhanov, Kirill. 1997. Politics and change in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Australian National University. Nourzhanov, Kirill. 1998. ‘Seeking Peace in Tajikistan: Who is the Odd Man Out?’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 6. Nourzhanov, Kirill. 2005. ‘Saviours of the nation or robber barons? Warlord politics in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 24, No. 2. Rogers, Daniel S. 2003. ‘Tajikistan: POL/MIL Informed Questions’, National War College, Washington DC. PDF Roy, Olivier. 2001. ‘Inter-regional dynamics of war’, in Politics of Compromise: the Tajikistan Peace Process. Ed. by Kamoludin Abdullaev and Catherine Barnes. London: Conciliation Resources. Roy, Olivier. 2000. The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations. NY: NYU Press. Roy, Olivier. 1997. ‘Is the Conflict in Tajikistan a Model for Conflicts Throughout Central Asia?’ in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner (editors). New York: St. Martin’s Press. Rubin, Barnett R. 1998. ‘Russian Hegemony and State Breakdown in the Periphery: Causes and Consequences of the Civil War in Tajikistan’, in Barnett R Rubin and Jack Snyder (editors) Post- Soviet Political Order: Conflict and State Building. London: Routledge. Rubin, Barnett R. 1993. ‘The Fragmentation of Tajikistan, Survival, Vol. 35, No. 4. Schoeberlein-Engel, John. 1994. ‘Conflicts in Tajikistan and Central Asia: The Myth of Ethnic Animosity’, Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review, Vol. 1, No. 2. Shapoatov, Sayfiddin. 2004. ‘The Tajik Civil War: 1992-1997’, MA thesis, Middle East Technical University. PDF Shirazi, Habibollah Abolhassan. 1997. The dynamics of political stability in post-Soviet Tajikistan. PhD, University of Sydney. Shirazi, Habibollah Abolhassan. 1997. ‘Political Forces and Their Structures in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 16, No. 4. Splidsboel-Hansen, Flemming. 1999. ‘The Outbreak and Settlement of Civil War: Neorealism and the Case of Tajikistan’, Civil Wars, Vol. 2, No. 4. Tadjbakhsh, S. 1994. ‘Tajikistan: From Freedom to War, Current History, Vol. 93.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1993. ‘Causes and Consequences of the Civil War’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 1. Thoni, Julien. 1994. ‘The Tajik Conflict: The dialectic between internal fragmentation and external vulnerability, 1991-1994’, PSIS Occasional Paper Number 3. Tunçer-Kılavuz, İdil. 2009. ‘The Role of Networks in Tajikistan’s Civil War: Network Activation and Violence Specialists’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 37, No. 5. Tunçer-Kılavuz, İdil. 2007. Understanding Violent Conflict: A Comparative Study of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. PhD dissertation, Indiana University. Whitlock, Monica. 2002. Land Beyond the River. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Zartman, Jonathan K. 2004. Political transition in Central Asian republics: Authoritarianism versus power-sharing. PhD dissertation, University of Denver. Zviagelskaya, Irina. 1997. The Tajik Conflict. Ithaca: Ithaca Press. Online Zviagelskaya, Irina. 1997. ‘The Tajik Conflict’, RCSRIS Series, Russian Center for Strategic Research and International Studies Joint Edition with Ithaca Press. Reading: UK

5. Post-Conflict Abazov, R. 1999. ‘Central Asia’s Conflicting Legacy and Ethnic Policies: Revisiting a Crisis Zone of the Former USSR’, Nationalism & Ethnic Politics, Vol. 5, No. 2. Abdulaev, Kamoludin and Sabine Freizer. 2003. ‘What Peace Five Years After the Signing of the Tajik Peace Agreement? Strategic Conflict Assessment and Peace Building Framework, Tajikistan’, UK Government Global Conflict Prevention. Online Abdullaev, Kamoludin. 2004. ‘Current Local Government Policy Situation in Tajikistan’, in Tajikistan at a Crossroad: The Politics of Decentralization. Luigi Di Martino (editor). Geneva: Cimera Publications. Akbarzadeh, Shahram. 2001. ‘Abdullajanov and the ‘third force’, in Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process. Kamoludin Abdullaev and Catharine Barnes (editors). London: Conciliation Resources. Akiner, Shirin. 2004. ‘Prospects for Civil Society in Tajikistan’, in Civil Society in the Muslim World: Contemporary Perspectives. Edited by Amyn B. Sajoo. London/New York: I.B. Tauris. Aliev, Hassan. 1997. ‘Forming of political system of Tajikistan: Political and juridical aspects’, NATO Research Fellowships Programme. PDF Asadullaev, Iskander. 2001. ‘The Tajikistan government’, in Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process. K. Abdullaev and C. Barnes (editors). London: Conciliation Resources. Atkin, Muriel. 2002. ‘A President and his rivals’, in Power and Change in Central Asia. Sally N. Cummings (editors). London/New York: Routledge. Atkin, Muriel. 1999. ‘FAST Case Study: Tajikistan’, Swiss Peace Foundation, Institute for Conflict Resolution. Atkin, Muriel. 1997. ‘Thwarted Democratization in Tajikistan’, in Conflict, Cleavage and Change in Central Asia and Caucasus. Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrot (editors). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brenninkmeijer, Olivier A.J. 1997. ‘International Concern for Tajikistan: UN and OSCE Efforts to Promote Peace-Building and Democratisation’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. Edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin's Press. Buisson, A. 2007. ‘State-Building, Power-Building and Political Legitimacy: The Case of Post-Conflict Tajikistan’, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 5(4).

Chatterjee, Suchandana. 2002. Society and Politics in Tajikistan in the Aftermath of the Civil War. London: Greenwich Millenium. Conrad, Burkhard. 2000. ‘The problem of small arms and light weapons in Tajikistan’, Strategic Analysis, Volume 24, Issue 8. Dadmehr, Nasrin. 2003. ‘Tajikistan: Regionalism and Weakness’, in State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror. Robert I. Rotberg (Editor). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. De Martino, Luigi. 2004. ‘Tajikistan at a Crossroad: Contradictory Forces at the Heart of the Tajik Political System’, in Tajikistan at a Crossroad: The Politics of Decentralization. Luigi Di Martino (editor). Geneva: Cimera Publications. Druke, Luise. 2000. ‘Housing and Property Restitution for Returnees in Tajikistan in the 1990s’, Refugee Survey Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 3. Dudoignon, Stephane A. 2004. ‘From Ambivalence to Ambiguity?: Some Paradigms of Policy Making in Tajikistan’, in Tajikistan at a Crossroad: The Politics of Decentralization. Luigi Di Martino (editor). Geneva: Cimera Publications. Feiman, Eli. 2009. ‘Party Competition in Tajikistan: A Bleak Present, But a Brighter Future?’, IREX Scholar Research Brief. PDF Foroughi, Payam. 2004. ‘Nations in Transit 2004: Tajikistan’, Freedom House Nations in Transit. PDF Freizer, Sabine. 2004. ‘Central Asian fragmented society: Communal and neoliberal forms in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan’, in Exploring Civil Society: Political and Cultural Contexts. Marlies Glasius, David Lewis and Hakan Seckinelgin (editors). NY: Routledge. Freizer, Sabine. 2004. What Civil Society After Civil War? A Study of Civil Society Organizations’ Effect on Peace Consolidation in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, The London School of Economics. Germalmaz, Mehmet Semih. 1999. ‘Structure and Authority of the Judiciary within the Legal Order of the Tajikistan Republic’, Tilburg Foreign L. Rev., Vol. 7. Gerstle, D. 2006. ‘Bridging the Panj: Forging a Peacebuilding Livelihoods Strategy on the Afghan-Tajik Border’, Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 2(3). PDF Gleason, Gregory. 2001. ‘Power sharing in Tajikistan: political compromise and regional instability’, Conflict, Security & Development, Vol. 1, Issue 3.

Hall, Michael. 2005. ‘Tajikistan at the Crossroads of Democracy and Authoritarianism’, in Prospects for Democracy in Central Asia. Birgit N. Schlyter (editor). Istanbul: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. Harris, Colette. 1998. ‘Coping with daily life in post-soviet Tajikistan: The Gharmi villages of Khatlon Province’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 17, No. 4. Heathershaw, John. 2009. Post-conflict Tajikistan: The Politics of Peacebuilding and the Emergence of Legitimate Order. New York: Routledge. Heathershaw, John. 2009. ‘Tajikistan's Virtual Politics of Peace’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 61, No. 7. Heathershaw, John. 2008. ‘Seeing like the International Community: How Peacebuilding Failed (and Survived) in Tajikistan’, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, Vol. 2(3). Heathershaw, John. 2007. ‘Peacebuilding as Practice: Discourses from Post-conflict Tajikistan’, International Peacekeeping, Vol. 14, No. 2. Heathershaw, John. 2005. ‘The paradox of peacebuilding: peril, promise, and small arms in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 24, No. 1. Human Rights Watch. 1998. ‘Leninabad: Crackdown in the North’, Human Rights Watch Report, Vol. 10, no. 2 (D). Online Iji, Tetsuro. 2005. ‘Cooperation, Coordination and Complementarity in International Peacemaking: The Tajikistan Experience’, International Peacekeeping, Vol. 12(2). International Crisis Group. 2001 ‘Tajikistan: An Uncertain Peace’ ICG Asia Report, No. 30. December 24, 2001. Online HDCHD. 2003. ‘Humanitarian engagement with armed groups: The Central Asian Islamic opposition movements’, Henry Durant Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. PDF Kevlihan, Rob. 2009. States of insurgency: Conflict transformation in civil wars through social services. PhD dissertation, The American University. Megoran, N., et al. 2010. ‘Author-critic forum: the politics of peace building in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 29. No. 2. McLean, Jennifer and Thomas Greene. 1998. ‘Turmoil in Tajikistan: Addressing the Crisis of Internal Displacement’, in Roberta Cohen and Francis M. Deng (eds.), The Forsaken People: Case Studies of the Internally Displaced. Washington: Brookings. Nakaya, Sumie. 2009. A paradox of peacebuilding aid: Institutionalized exclusion and violence in post-conflict states. PhD dissertation, City University of New York.

Nakaya, Sumie. 2009. ‘Aid and transition from a war economy to an oligarchy in post-war Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 3. Nishimura, Megumi. 1999. ‘The OSCE and ethnic conflicts in Estonia, Georgia, and Tajikstan: A search for sustainable peace and its limits’, European Security. Vol. 8(1). Roy, Olivier. 1995. ‘The Role of the OSCE in the Peace Process in Tajikistan’, in Central Asia: Conflict, Resolution and Change. Roald Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower (Editors) Chevy Chase, MD: Center for Post-Soviet Studies. Sattorzoda, Abdunabi. 2001. ‘The Democrat Party’, in Kamoludin Abdullaev and Catharine Barnes (eds.), Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process, London: Conciliation Resources. Slim, Randa M. and Harold H. Saunders. 1996. ‘Managing Conflict in Divided Societies: Lessons from Tajikistan’, Negotiation Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1. Smith, R. Grant. 1999. ‘Tajikistan: the rocky road to peace’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 18, No. 2. Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 2008. ‘International Peacemaking in Tajikistan and Afghanistan Compared: Lessons Learned and Unlearned’, CERI No. 143. PDF Toshmuhammadov, Mehrali. 2004. ‘Civil War in Tajikistan and Post-Conflict Rehabilitation’, Hokkaido University Center of Slavic Researches. PDF Torjesen, Stina, and S Neil MacFarlane. 2007. ‘R before D: the case of post conflict reintegration in Tajikistan’, Conflict, Security & Development, Vol. 7, No. 2. Torjesen, Stina, Christina Wille and S. Neil MacFarlane. 2005. ‘Tajikistan’s Road to Stability: Reduction in Small Arms Proliferation and Remaining Challenges’, An Occasional Paper of the Small Arms Survey #17. PDF UNDP. 2006. ‘Reintegration of ex-combatants in Tajikistan’, UNDP Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and Development Programme. PDF Wiegmann, Gunda. 2009. Socio-political change in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Hamburg University. PDF

6. Foreign relations Atkin, Muriel. 1994. ‘Tajikistan’s Relations with Iran and Afghanistan’, in The New Politics of Central Asia and Its Borderlands. A. Banuazizi and M. Weiner (editors), Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Carlisle, Donald S. 1995. ‘Geopolitics and Ethnic Problems of Uzbekistan and its Neighbours’, in Muslim Eurasia: Conflicting Legacies. Yaacov Ro’i (editor). London: Frank Cass. Crosston, Matthew. 2008. ‘Compromising coalitions and duplicitous diplomacy: US support for Tajikistan after 9/11 and its security implications’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 27, No. 2. Djalili, Mohammad-Reza, and Frederic Grare. 1997. ‘Regional Ambitions and Interests in Tajikistan: the Role of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Dubnov, Arkady. 1995. ‘Tadjikistan’, in U.S. and Russian Policymaking With Respect to the Use of Force. Jeremy R. Azrael and Emil A. Payin (editors). RAND Centre for Russian and Eurasian Studies. Dunn, Michael Collins. 1997. ‘Great Games and Small: Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the New Geopolitics of Southwest Asia’, Middle East Policy, Vol. 5. Fumagalli, Matteo. 2007. ‘Tajikistan and the EU: From Post-Conflict Reconstruction to Critical Engagement’, CEPS Policy Briefs, Issue 112. PDF Horsman, Stuart. 1999. ‘Uzbekistan’s Involvement in the Tajik civil war 1992-97’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 18, No. 1. Jonson, Lena. 2006. Tajikistan in the new Central Asia: geopolitics, great power rivalry and radical Islam. London: I.B. Tauris. Kassenova, N. 2009. ‘China as an. Emerging Donor in. Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan’, Russia/NIS Center. PDF Mesbahi, Mohiaddin. 1997. ‘Tajikistan, Iran, and the international politics of the 'Islamic factor'’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 16, No. 2. Neumann, Iver B. and Sergei Solodovnik. 1996. ‘The Case of Tajikistan’, in Peacekeeping and the Role of Russia in Eurasia. Lena Jonson and Clive Archer (Editors). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Nichol, Jim. 2009. ‘Tajikistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests’, CRS Report for Congress. PDF

Normark, P. 2000. ‘Russian peacekeeping strategies in the CIS: The Cases of Moldova, Georgia and Tajikistan’, Millennium-Journal of International Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2. Olimova, Saodat. 2009. ‘The Multifaceted Chinese Presence in Tajikistan’, The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 1. PDF Olimova, Saodat et al. 2006. ‘Regional Cooperation in Central Asia: A View from Tajikistan’, Problems of Economic Transition, Vol. 48, Issue 9. Orr, M. J. 2001. ‘The Russian Garrison in Tajikistan: 201st Gatchina Twice Red Banner Motor Rifle Division’, Conflict Studies Research Centre, Occasional Brief No. 85. PDF Orr, Michael. 1997. ‘The Russian Army and the War in Tajikistan’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, M.-R. Djalili, F. Grare and S. Akiner (Editors). New York: St. Martin’s Press. Poujol, Catherine. 1997. ‘Some Reflections on Russian Involvement in the Tajik Conflict, 1992 -1993’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner (Editors). New York: St. Martin's Press. Roy, Olivier. 1999. The foreign policy of the Central Asian Islamic Renaissance Party. Muslim Politics Project. New York: Council on Foreign Relations. Shepherd, Monika S. 1996. ‘The effects of Russian and Uzbek intervention in the Tajik Civil War’, The Soviet and post-Soviet Review, Vol. 23, No. 3. Smith Serrano, Andres. 2003. ‘CIS peacekeeping in Tajikistan’, in Regional Peacekeepers: The Paradox of Russian Peacekeeping. John Mackinlay and Peter Cross (Editors). NY: United Nations University Press. Warikoo, K. 1995. ‘Cockpit of Central Asia: Afghanistan Factor in Tajikistan's Crisis’, in Central Asia: Emerging New Order. K. Warikoo (Editor). Delhi: Har-anand Publications. Hodizoda, Faredun. 2010. ‘“Misunderstanding”: A Road to Nowhere - Reflections from Tajikistan’, The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 2. PDF

7. Social Issues Babajanian, Babken V. 2006. ‘The social exclusion framework and poverty reduction strategy in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Volume 25, Issue 4. Bichsel, Christine. 2009. Conflict Transformation in Central Asia Irrigation disputes in the Ferghana Valley. New York: Routledge. Bichsel, Christine. 2005. ‘In search of harmony: repairing infrastructure and social relations in the Ferghana Valley’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 24, No. 1. Bliss, Frank. 2006. Social and economic change in the Pamirs (Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan). London: Routledge. Engvall, Johan. 2006. ‘The state under Siege: The drug trade and organised crime in Tajikistan’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 58, No. 6. Engwall, Johan. 2005. ‘Stability and security in Tajikistan: drug trafficking as a threat to national security’, Department of East European Studies, Uppsala University. Working Papers, No. 86. Foroughi, Payam. 2002. ‘Tajikistan: Nationalism, Ethnicity, Conflict, and Socio-economic Disparities’, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 22, No. 1. Fumagalli, Matteo. 2007. ‘Framing ethnic minority mobilisation in Central Asia: The cases of the Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 59 (4). Fumagalli, Matteo. 2005. The Dynamics of Uzbek Ethno-political Mobilization in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: 1991-2003. PhD dissertation. University of Edinburgh. Haarra, Robin. 2005. ‘Violence and exploitation of children in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Volume 24, Issue 2. Harris, Colette. 2006. Muslim Youth: Tensions and Transitions in Tajikistan. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Hierman, Brent. 2010. ‘What use was the election to us? Clientelism and political trust amongst ethnic Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 38(2).

IFES. 2004. ‘Public Opinion in Tajikistan: Findings from a Survey’, IFES. PDF Ilolov, Mamadsho and Mirodasen Khudoiyev. 2001. ‘Local Government in Tajikistan’, in Developing New Rules in the Old Environment. Igor Munteanu and Victor Popa (editors). Budapest: Open Society Institute. PDF

International Crisis Group. 2009. ‘Tajikistan: On the Road to Failure’, ICG Asia Report, No. 162. Online International Crisis Group. 2004. ‘Tajikistan’s Politics: Confrontation or Consolidation?’, Asia Briefing No. 33. Online International Crisis Group. 2003. ‘Tajikistan: A Roadmap for Development’, Asia Report No. 51. Online Iwasaki, Ichiro. 2002. ‘Observations on Economic Reform in Tajikistan: Legislative and Institutional Framework’, Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 43, No. 6. Juraeva, Gavhar. 1996. ‘Ethnic Conflict in Tajikistan’, in Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World: Case Studies and Analysis. Leokadia, Rose Gottemoeller, Catherine McArdie Kelleher, Lee Walker (editors). London: M.E. Sharpe. Grezov, Ravshan. 2008. Development Programs for poverty alleviation: Comparative study of microfinance program in two areas of Tajikistan. MA, Ohio University. PDF Karimov, Shamsiddin. 2006. ‘Dialectics of the Emergence of a Civil Society and State Support of NGOs in Tajikistan’, Central Asia and the Caucasus. No. 4(40). PDF Korostelina, Karina. 2007. ‘The system of social identities in Tajikistan: Early warning and conflict prevention’, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 40(2). Marat, Erica. 2006. ‘The State-Crime Nexus in Central Asia: State Weakness, Organized Crime, and Corruption in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Silk Road Paper, October. PDF Marat, Erica. 2006. ‘Impact of Drug Trade and Organized Crime on State Functioning in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 1. PDF Martin, Jay. 2004. ‘Can Magic Bullets Hurt You? NGOs and governance in a globalised social welfare world: A Case Study of Tajikistan’, Australian National University Graduate Program in Public Policy, Discussion Paper No. 92. PDF De Martino, Luigi. 2004. ‘Tajikistan at a Crossroad: Contradictory Forces at the Heart of the Tajik Political System’, in Tajikistan at a Crossroad: The Politics of Decentralization. Edited by Luigi Di Martino. Geneva: Cimera Publications. Matveeva, Anna. 2009. ‘Tajikistan: Revolutionary situation or a Resilient state?’, EUCAM Policy Brief, No. 12. PDF Matveeva, Anna. 2009. ‘Tajikistan: Stability First’, Taiwan Journal of Democracy, Volume 5, No.1. PDF

Matveeva, Anna. 2005. “Tajikistan: Evolution of the Security Sector and the War on Terror,” in Facing the Terrorist Challenge –Central Asia’s Role in International Co-Operation. Anna H. Ebnoether et al. (Editors). Vienna and Geneva: Austrian Ministry of Defense and Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. PDF McDermott, Roger N. 2002. ‘Border security in Tajikistan Countering the narcotics trade?’, Conflict Studies Research Centre. PDF Mughal, Abdul-Ghaffar. 2007. ‘Migration, Remittances, and Living Standards in Tajikistan: A Report Based on Khatlon Remittances and Living Standards Measurement Survey’, International Organization for Migration. PDF Naemi, Ali. 2002. The interplay between the performance of the manufacturing sector and the success of transition to a market economy: a case study of Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, University of Guelph. Nekbakhtshoev, Navruz R. 2006. Clan Politics: Explaining the Persistence of Subethnic Divisions in Tajikistan: Comparative Approach. MA, Duquesne University. Niyazi, Aziz. 2000. ‘Migration, Demography and Socio-Ecological Processes in Tajikistan’, JCAS Symposium Series, No. 9. Nourzhanov, Kirill. 1996. ‘Alternative Social Institutions and the Politics of Neo-Patrimonialism in Tajikistan’, Russian and Euro-Asian Bulletin, (August). Online Ojala, Lauri, Alex Kitain and Bernard Touboul. 2004. ‘Tajikistan Trade Diagnostic Study: Transportation and Trade Facilitation’, World Bank. PDF Olimov, Jafar. 2007. ‘Informal economy in Tajikistan’, United Nations Development Programme, National Human Development Report. PDF Olimova, Saodat and Muzaffar Olimov. 2007. ‘Labor Migration from Mountainous Areas in the Central Asian Region: Good or Evil?’, Mountain Research and Development, 27(2) Olimova, Saodat and Muzaffar Olimov. 1996. ‘Regionalism in Tajikistan: Its Impact on the Ferghana Valley’, Perspectives on Central Asia, Vol. 1, No. 3. Olimova, Saodat. 2004. ‘Opposition in Tajikistan: Pro et Contra’, in Yaacov Ro’i (ed.) Democracy and Pluralism in Muslim Eurasia. London/New York: Frank Cass. Olimova, Saodat. 2004. ‘Regionalism and its perception by major political and social powers of Tajikistan’, in Tajikistan at a Crossroad: The Politics of Decentralization. Situation Report #4, Luigi Di Martino (editor). Geneva: Cimera Publications. Olimova, Soadat and Igor Bosc. 2003. ‘Labor Migration in Tajikistan’, IOM, Dushanbe. PDF

Paoli, Letizia, Irina Rabkov, Victoria A Greenfield and Peter Reuter. 2007. ‘Tajikistan: The Rise of a Narco-State’, Journal of Drug Issues, Vol. 37, No. 4. Patnaik, Ajay. 1995. ‘Agriculture and Rural Out-migration in Central Asia, 1960-91’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 47, No.1. Rowe, William C. 2010. ‘Agrarian adaptations in Tajikistan: land reform, water and law’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 29. No. 2. Rowe, Jr., William Campbell. 2002. On the Edge of Empires: The Hisor Valley of Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin. Rowland, Richard H. 2005. ‘National and Regional Population Trends in Tajikistan: Results from the Recent Census’, Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 46(3). Roy, Olivier. 1999. ‘Kolkhoz and Civil Society in the Independent States of Central Asia’, in H. Ruffin and D. Waugh (eds.) Civil Society in Central Asia. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. Schoeberlein, John. 2002. ‘Bones of Contention: Conflicts over Resources’, in Mekenkamp, van Tongeren, and van de Veen (eds.), Searching for Peace in Central and South Asia. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Sehring, Jenniver. 2007. The Politics of Water Institutional Reform in Neo-patrimonial States: A comparative analysis of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. PhD, University of Hagen. Link Sehring, Jenniver. 2009. The politics of water institutional reform in neopatrimonial states a comparative analysis of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Wiesbaden: VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Sharifov, Mehmonsho. 2007. ‘The Self Between Political Chaos and The New Political “Order” in Tajikistan’, Transcultural Studies, 2-3. Sharipov, S. I. et al. 2006. ‘Report on Corruption in the Republic of Tajikistan (A Public Opinion Survey)’, Dushanbe: Strategic Research Centre/UNDP. Strachota, Krzysztof. 2004. ‘Tajikistan: The Trial Period’, Center for Eastern Studies, Warsaw. PDF Swanström, N., et al. 2005. ‘A Conflict and Security Analysis of Central Asia with a Focus on Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Silk Road Studies Program. PDF Tunçer-Kılavuz, İdil. 2009. ‘Political and social networks in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: 'clan', region and beyond’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 3.

Turner, R. 1993. ‘Tajiks Have the Highest Fertility Rates in Newly Independent Central Asia’, Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 3. Wagner, S. 1997. ‘Public Opinion in Tajikistan’, Voices of the Electorate Series. PDF Zaripova, Nargina. 2000. ‘Policy Paper on Freedom of Expression in Tajikistan’, CPS International Policy Fellowship Program. PDF Zavrabyan, Naira. 2006. ‘Bicameralism and Democracy in the Republic of Tajikistan’, CEI Working Paper No. 15. PDF Zürcher, Christoph. 2004. ‘Analysis of Peace and Conflict Potential in Rasht Valley, Shurabad District and GBAO, Tajikistan’, ARC/GTZ. PDF Cunha, Stephen Farrell. The applicability of the biosphere reserve model to the Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis, 1994. Berndt, Hope. 2009. Testing the theory of the penetrated political system in Central Asia. PhD dissertation, Long Island University.

8. Gender Falkingham, Jane and Baschieri, Angela. 2005. ‘Gender and poverty: how we can be misled by the unitary model of household resources – the case of Tajikistan’, Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute. PDF Falkingham, Jane. 2000. ‘Women and Gender Relations in Tajikistan’, ADB/UN Country Briefing Paper. PDF Harris, Colette. 2004. Control and Subversion: Gender Relations in Tajikistan. Sterling, VA: Pluto Press. Rahmonova, Tojiniso. 2009. Literacy in Tajikistan. MA, California State University. PDF Shemyakina, Olga N. 2007. Armed conflict, education and the marriage market: Evidence from Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, University of Southern California. Shemyakina, Olga. 2009. ‘The Marriage Market and Tajik Armed Conflict’, Households in Conflict Network Working Paper 66. PDF Simpson, Meghan. 2006. ‘Local strategies in globalizing gender politics: Women's organizing in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 26(1). Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1998. ‘Between Lenin and Allah: Women and Ideology in Tajikistan’, in Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity Within Unity. Herbert L. Bodman and Nayereh Esfahlani Tohidi. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1994. ‘Women and War in Tajikistan’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 1. Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1994. The a-Soviet woman of the Muslim east and nativization in Tajikistan, 1989-1992. PhD dissertation, Columbia University. Tett, Gillian. 1996. Ambiguous Alliances: Marriage and Identity in a Muslim Village in Soviet Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge.

9. Education Nagzibekova, Mehrinisso. 2008. ‘Language and Education Policies in Tajikistan ’, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Vol. 11, Issue 3&4. Niyozov, Sarfaroz. 2001. Understanding teaching in post-Soviet, rural, mountainous Tajikistan: Case studies of teachers' life and work. PhD diss., University of Toronto. Niyozov, Safaroz. 2000. ‘The Effects of the Collapse of the USSR on teacher’s Lives and Work in Tajikistan’, in The Challenges of Education in Central Asia. Stephen P Heyneman and Alan J DeYoung (Editors). Information Age Publishing. Shorish, M Mobin. 1972. Education in the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, 1917-1967. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago. Shozimov, Pulat. 2005. ‘Social Science Research Isolation and Tajikistan’, SAIS Review, Vol. 25, No. 2. Whitsel, Christopher M. 2009. ‘Family resources, Sitting at Home and Democratic Choice: Investigating Determinants of Educational Attainment in Post-Soviet Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 1. Whitsel, Christopher M. 2009. Growing inequality: Post-Soviet transition and educational participation in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Indiana University. Aini, K.S and Y. S. Maltsev. 1988. ‘Oriental studies in Tajikistan’, Iranian Studies, Volume 21, Issue 1&2.