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Tax Office of EnschedeS.H. Liem, A.H.C. van Paassen
Delft, April 1998
S.H. Liem, A.H.C. van Paassen
Delft, April 1998
Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building
Monitoring Monitoring set-upset-up
ConclusionsConclusions
Tax Office of Tax Office of EnschedeEnschede
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Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
NatVent
NatVent
Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building
Monitoring Monitoring set-upset-up
ConclusionsConclusions
Tax Office of Tax Office of EnschedeEnschede
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Building presentationBuilding presentationbackground informationbackground information
The Tax Office of Enschede was completed in 1996. It is located near the central railway station. It has offices on 5 floors and a total floor area of 4300 m2. The building is wedge shaped (see ground plan on next slide ...).
It is owned by the Government Building Agency.
Design: Architect: ir. Ruurd Roorda, Government Building Agency, NL. Daylight concept: Esbensen, DK. Energy concept & natural ventilation: W/E consultants, NL. Building physics: Peutz & Associes, NL.
This building is an EC2000 project, and is very energy efficient (17 m3/m2 gas equivalent of primary energy use) as a result of integrated design. The aim was to eliminate the need for mechanical ventilation and give occupant the maximum possible control of the indoor climate. Key issues are: optimal use of daylight, passive ventilation, cooling by night ventilation, low energy use and use of sustainable building materials.
The Tax Office of Enschede was completed in 1996. It is located near the central railway station. It has offices on 5 floors and a total floor area of 4300 m2. The building is wedge shaped (see ground plan on next slide ...).
It is owned by the Government Building Agency.
Design: Architect: ir. Ruurd Roorda, Government Building Agency, NL. Daylight concept: Esbensen, DK. Energy concept & natural ventilation: W/E consultants, NL. Building physics: Peutz & Associes, NL.
This building is an EC2000 project, and is very energy efficient (17 m3/m2 gas equivalent of primary energy use) as a result of integrated design. The aim was to eliminate the need for mechanical ventilation and give occupant the maximum possible control of the indoor climate. Key issues are: optimal use of daylight, passive ventilation, cooling by night ventilation, low energy use and use of sustainable building materials.
NatVent
Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building
Monitoring Monitoring set-upset-up
ConclusionsConclusions
Tax Office of Tax Office of EnschedeEnschede
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Building presentationBuilding presentationtypical floor plan (1typical floor plan (1stst floor) floor)
Typical floor planTypical floor planTypical floor planTypical floor plan
N
Cellular offices
Cellular officesMeeting room
Meeting room
Cellular offices
Cellular offices
Storage of files
Storage of files
corridor
corridor
ATRIUM
Street + Railway
Str
eet
SquareConnection to old building
NatVent
Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building
Monitoring Monitoring set-upset-up
ConclusionsConclusions
Tax Office of Tax Office of EnschedeEnschede
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Building presentationBuilding presentationcross section & view of the atriumcross section & view of the atrium
Cross sectionCross sectionCross sectionCross section
N
ATRIUMCellular office
Storage of files
Upward view of atriumUpward view of atriumUpward view of atriumUpward view of atrium
Internal solar protection
Internal solar protection
NatVent
Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building
Monitoring Monitoring set-upset-up
ConclusionsConclusions
Tax Office of Tax Office of EnschedeEnschede
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Building presentationBuilding presentationview of the atrium & rear façadeview of the atrium & rear façade
Downward view of atriumDownward view of atriumDownward view of atriumDownward view of atrium
Rear façadeRear façadeRear façadeRear façade
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Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building
Monitoring Monitoring set-upset-up
ConclusionsConclusions
Tax Office of Tax Office of EnschedeEnschede
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Building presentationBuilding presentationventilation installationventilation installation
Concept: The ventilation system is based on the stack effect of the atrium (see schematic on next slide ...).
Installation: Fresh air enters the building via
the trickle vents in the office.
The air passes to the atrium via acoustic ducts in the false ceiling.
The air leaves the building via the roof of the atrium (by natural means).
Fan-assisted:
If the wind velocity is less than 2 m/s, fans are switched on to help the stack effect in the atrium.
Concept: The ventilation system is based on the stack effect of the atrium (see schematic on next slide ...).
Installation: Fresh air enters the building via
the trickle vents in the office.
The air passes to the atrium via acoustic ducts in the false ceiling.
The air leaves the building via the roof of the atrium (by natural means).
Fan-assisted:
If the wind velocity is less than 2 m/s, fans are switched on to help the stack effect in the atrium.
Extraction chimneys Extraction chimneys on the roofon the roof
Extraction chimneys Extraction chimneys on the roofon the roof
Fans for suppl. Fans for suppl. ventilationventilation
Fans for suppl. Fans for suppl. ventilationventilation
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Tax Office of Tax Office of EnschedeEnschede
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Building presentationBuilding presentationventilation concept - stack effectventilation concept - stack effect
Trickle vents
Acoustical ducts in false ceiling
NatVent
Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building
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Building presentationventilation components
2 Trickle vents in 2 Trickle vents in each officeeach office
2 Trickle vents in 2 Trickle vents in each officeeach office
Extraction opening Extraction opening of the acoustic of the acoustic
duct in the officeduct in the office
Extraction opening Extraction opening of the acoustic of the acoustic
duct in the officeduct in the office
The settings of the The settings of the trickle vents are trickle vents are clearly marked: clearly marked:
0: all closed0: all closed
1: 1 open1: 1 open
2: 2 open2: 2 open
The settings of the The settings of the trickle vents are trickle vents are clearly marked: clearly marked:
0: all closed0: all closed
1: 1 open1: 1 open
2: 2 open2: 2 open
Remark: The trickle vents have very high acoustical performances (railway in
front of the building). They are also pressure
independent: within a certain range, they give the
same flow at different pressures (see next
slide...)
The two constant flow trickle vents are situated just below the exposed ceiling. The incoming cold air sticks to the ceiling by the Coanda effect and is mixed with the warm indoor air before it falls into the
office space, witch prevents draughts from causing comfort problems.
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Building presentationpressure independent vents
Pressure Pressure independent ventindependent vent
Pressure Pressure independent ventindependent vent
Pressure Pressure dependent ventdependent vent
Pressure Pressure dependent ventdependent vent
Pressure difference: p (Pa)
Flo
w Q
(m³/
h)
Q designQ designQ designQ design
Pressure difference rangePressure difference rangePressure difference rangePressure difference range
Pressure independent vents give a constant flow within a range of
pressure differences.
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Building presentationoffices
Besides the ventilation devices, the offices have other features which improve the indoor climate:
External blinds on the South façade to reduce the solar gains and avoid overheating.
A shelf beneath each window reflects the daylighting windows reflects the light deep in the room and so improves the light distribution. A high frequent light system keeps the light level at 500 lux.
The offices have a lot of exposed thermal mass in the ceilings and tiled floors. Therefore acoustic panels have been installed in the offices to reduce reverberation.
All these techniques are presented on the following schematic…
Besides the ventilation devices, the offices have other features which improve the indoor climate:
External blinds on the South façade to reduce the solar gains and avoid overheating.
A shelf beneath each window reflects the daylighting windows reflects the light deep in the room and so improves the light distribution. A high frequent light system keeps the light level at 500 lux.
The offices have a lot of exposed thermal mass in the ceilings and tiled floors. Therefore acoustic panels have been installed in the offices to reduce reverberation.
All these techniques are presented on the following schematic…
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Building presentationoffices
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Building presentationshading device on the South façade
External viewExternal viewExternal viewExternal view
Internal view - openInternal view - openInternal view - openInternal view - open Internal view - Internal view - closedclosed
Internal view - Internal view - closedclosed
Daylight shelf with integrated
lights
Daylight shelf with integrated
lights
Trickle vents
Trickle vents
Daylighting window
Daylighting window
Light shelves are automatically controlled by a solar radiation sensor, but it can be manually overruled
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Building presentationBuilding presentationthe building strategythe building strategy
A desk map gives very clear instructions to the occupants how to use the different devices in winter & summer (see next slide ...)
A desk map gives very clear instructions to the occupants how to use the different devices in winter & summer (see next slide ...)
In the winter: Ventilation:
during OH: position 1 (for Indoor Air Quality)
outside OH: position 0 (to reduce ventilation losses)
Heating: during OH: choose adequate
level outside OH: keep chosen level
Lighting during OH: on, if necessary outside OH: off
External shading: during OH: control freely outside OH: automatic control
In the winter: Ventilation:
during OH: position 1 (for Indoor Air Quality)
outside OH: position 0 (to reduce ventilation losses)
Heating: during OH: choose adequate
level outside OH: keep chosen level
Lighting during OH: on, if necessary outside OH: off
External shading: during OH: control freely outside OH: automatic control
In the summer: Ventilation:
during OH: position 1 or 2 (for Indoor Air Quality & intens. vent.)
outside OH: position 2 (intensive night ventilation)
Heating: during OH: choose adequate
level outside OH: keep chosen level
Lighting during OH: on, if necessary outside OH: off
External shading: during OH: control freely outside OH: automatic control
In the summer: Ventilation:
during OH: position 1 or 2 (for Indoor Air Quality & intens. vent.)
outside OH: position 2 (intensive night ventilation)
Heating: during OH: choose adequate
level outside OH: keep chosen level
Lighting during OH: on, if necessary outside OH: off
External shading: during OH: control freely outside OH: automatic control
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Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
WinterWinter
SummerSummer
During office hours
Outside office hours
During office hours
Outside office hours
ventilation
heating
lighting
External shading
Internal shading
Desk map with Desk map with user instructionsuser instructionsDesk map with Desk map with
user instructionsuser instructions
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Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
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Monitoringthe monitoring scheme - 1997
A winter (April) and summer (September) survey was organised.
In April the Coanda effect was determined in rooms 111, 121, 314, 320, 503 and 520; the CO2 levels were measured in rooms 105, 123, 505 and 518.
In June and July summer ventilation rates and CO2 levels were monitored in rooms 107, 122, 311, 322, 505 and 520.
The whole year the indoor temperature was monitored.
A winter (April) and summer (September) survey was organised.
In April the Coanda effect was determined in rooms 111, 121, 314, 320, 503 and 520; the CO2 levels were measured in rooms 105, 123, 505 and 518.
In June and July summer ventilation rates and CO2 levels were monitored in rooms 107, 122, 311, 322, 505 and 520.
The whole year the indoor temperature was monitored.
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Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
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Winter monitoringquestionnaires
170 questionnaires were distributed. 102 are returned. Of the respondents 20% are female and 80% male, the average age is 42 years.
Main results: They showed that temperatures in the offices were good, with enough
possibilities to control it. Air movement was reported to be either ‘adequate’ or ‘too high’.The
amount of control available to the occupants was either acceptable or good.
Air quality was ‘adequate’ and humidity either ‘good’ or to ‘low’. Unpleasant odours from cigarette , office equipment and diesel fumes
were considered to ‘acceptable’ by 75% of the respondents and ‘not’ acceptable by the remaining 25%.
96% are pleased with the daylighting, 58% complain about glare 99% have sufficient artificial light, 88% have control over the light
levels The noise level is ‘good’ to ‘satisfactory’ -10% of the interviewees
persons have problems with the noise.
170 questionnaires were distributed. 102 are returned. Of the respondents 20% are female and 80% male, the average age is 42 years.
Main results: They showed that temperatures in the offices were good, with enough
possibilities to control it. Air movement was reported to be either ‘adequate’ or ‘too high’.The
amount of control available to the occupants was either acceptable or good.
Air quality was ‘adequate’ and humidity either ‘good’ or to ‘low’. Unpleasant odours from cigarette , office equipment and diesel fumes
were considered to ‘acceptable’ by 75% of the respondents and ‘not’ acceptable by the remaining 25%.
96% are pleased with the daylighting, 58% complain about glare 99% have sufficient artificial light, 88% have control over the light
levels The noise level is ‘good’ to ‘satisfactory’ -10% of the interviewees
persons have problems with the noise.
NatVent
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Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
Room Façade Floor CoandaEffect
Distance[m]
111 South 1 yes 2.00121 North 1 Yes 2.00314 South 3 Yes 1.20320 North 3 Yes 1.50503 South 5 No -520 North 5 Yes 0.80
Courtesy W/E consultants
Winter monitoringthe Coanda effect
The Coanda effect causes the flow of cold air to stick to the ceiling for a long enough period for it to mix with the warm indoor air before it falls into the space below. This prevents discomfort from draughts.
The table below shows the number of times this phenomenon was detected and the distance travelled by the cold air before it fell into the space bellow.
The only room in which the Coanda effect was not noticeable was number 503 on the South façade of the 5th floor.
The Coanda effect causes the flow of cold air to stick to the ceiling for a long enough period for it to mix with the warm indoor air before it falls into the space below. This prevents discomfort from draughts.
The table below shows the number of times this phenomenon was detected and the distance travelled by the cold air before it fell into the space bellow.
The only room in which the Coanda effect was not noticeable was number 503 on the South façade of the 5th floor.
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Room Façade Floor Vent [m3/h]111 South 1 (160)121 North 1 (126)314 South 3 90320 North 3` 96503 South 5 110520 North 5 97
Courtesy W/E consultants
Winter monitoringventilation
In the winter only one trickle vent is open. The aim is to get a ventilation flow of 100 m3/h (2 ach).
The table below shows the results of experiments carried out on April 16 th. During the period monitored, the wind was from the North with a velocity of 2 m/s. The outdoor temperature was 10°C. These values are close to the design conditions for the building.
Air flow rates measured on the 3th and 5th floors are within 10% of each other; air flow rates on the 1st floor are rather high due to some construction problems. These problems have since been resolved.
In the winter only one trickle vent is open. The aim is to get a ventilation flow of 100 m3/h (2 ach).
The table below shows the results of experiments carried out on April 16 th. During the period monitored, the wind was from the North with a velocity of 2 m/s. The outdoor temperature was 10°C. These values are close to the design conditions for the building.
Air flow rates measured on the 3th and 5th floors are within 10% of each other; air flow rates on the 1st floor are rather high due to some construction problems. These problems have since been resolved.
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Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
CO2 concentration level in April - during office hours
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0- 300 300-600 600-900 900-1200 1200-1500 1500 and up
CO2 concentration level [ppm]
[ho
urs
]
Room 107 - S
Room 123 - N
Room 505 - S
Room 518 - N
Winter monitoringCO2 concentration level
The outdoor CO2 concentration level is 350 ppm. Values less than 350 ppm are due to the accuracy of the measurement apparatus that is used. The CO2 concentration levels found in the rooms are well below the maximum level of 1500 ppm; even CO2 concentration levels of 1200 ppm are very rare.
The outdoor CO2 concentration level is 350 ppm. Values less than 350 ppm are due to the accuracy of the measurement apparatus that is used. The CO2 concentration levels found in the rooms are well below the maximum level of 1500 ppm; even CO2 concentration levels of 1200 ppm are very rare.
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Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
Summer monitoringquestionnaires
Of the 170 questionnaires that were distributed, 105 were returned. 19% of the respondents were female and 81% male, the average age was 42 years.
The survey was held in September, just after the ‘heat wave’ in August which clearly influenced the results.
Main results: The temperature on the workplace were ‘very hot ‘, control ‘bad’, very
little ventilation with ’bad’ ventilation control, although control of draughts was adequate.
The air quality is ‘satisfactory’ and the humidity ‘good’. 50% experience ‘smelly’ air, 60% blames this on the nearby railway
station; for 55% this was acceptable and for 45% not acceptable. 99% were ‘satisfied’ with the illumination, 3% wanted more light, 94%
could sufficiently control the day lighting, 35% had some problems with glare on their computer screen.
98% had sufficient electric light and can control it. Although the noise level was acceptable, 12% had problems with it.
Of the 170 questionnaires that were distributed, 105 were returned. 19% of the respondents were female and 81% male, the average age was 42 years.
The survey was held in September, just after the ‘heat wave’ in August which clearly influenced the results.
Main results: The temperature on the workplace were ‘very hot ‘, control ‘bad’, very
little ventilation with ’bad’ ventilation control, although control of draughts was adequate.
The air quality is ‘satisfactory’ and the humidity ‘good’. 50% experience ‘smelly’ air, 60% blames this on the nearby railway
station; for 55% this was acceptable and for 45% not acceptable. 99% were ‘satisfied’ with the illumination, 3% wanted more light, 94%
could sufficiently control the day lighting, 35% had some problems with glare on their computer screen.
98% had sufficient electric light and can control it. Although the noise level was acceptable, 12% had problems with it.
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Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
Summer monitoringhot period in the summer
Due to the external venetian blinds on the south façade and the use of night cooling the internal temperatures are never higher than 28°C during a hot period (Text. = 32°C)
Due to the external venetian blinds on the south façade and the use of night cooling the internal temperatures are never higher than 28°C during a hot period (Text. = 32°C)
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00
Time in hours / 11 to 14 August
Tem
per
atu
re [
°C]
Text.
Tatrium
T room123,NorthT room127, South
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Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
Summer monitoringNight ventilation
The average long term ventilation flow during the last two weeks of July w has been determined in rooms 107, 122, 505 and 520 with the PFT-method.
A different tracer gas was used in each room. The gas concentration was measured at different locations in the rooms. Based on these results the ventilation rate was determined.
For night time ventilation cooling a minimum ventilation rate of 4 ach or 200
m3/h per room is required. The occupants are instructed to open both trickle vents when they go home (= setting 2).
The results are: The average summer night ventilation rate is 3.75 ach, the aim is 4 ach. The rooms are flushed very well; there are no ‘dead angles’ with higher
concentrations. Leaks between adjacent rooms are small (average 2 -8 m3/h, max. 40
m3/h in the lower floors and the N-room of the fifth floor).
The average long term ventilation flow during the last two weeks of July w has been determined in rooms 107, 122, 505 and 520 with the PFT-method.
A different tracer gas was used in each room. The gas concentration was measured at different locations in the rooms. Based on these results the ventilation rate was determined.
For night time ventilation cooling a minimum ventilation rate of 4 ach or 200
m3/h per room is required. The occupants are instructed to open both trickle vents when they go home (= setting 2).
The results are: The average summer night ventilation rate is 3.75 ach, the aim is 4 ach. The rooms are flushed very well; there are no ‘dead angles’ with higher
concentrations. Leaks between adjacent rooms are small (average 2 -8 m3/h, max. 40
m3/h in the lower floors and the N-room of the fifth floor).
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Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
Summer monitoringCO2 concentration level
The CO2 concentration level during working hours in the summer were measured in June. These results differ not much from the CO2 level in the winter. The outdoor CO2 concentration level is 350 ppm. Values less than 350 ppm are due to the accuracy of the measurement instrument. The CO2 concentration levels found in the rooms are well below the maximum level of 1500 ppm.
The CO2 concentration level during working hours in the summer were measured in June. These results differ not much from the CO2 level in the winter. The outdoor CO2 concentration level is 350 ppm. Values less than 350 ppm are due to the accuracy of the measurement instrument. The CO2 concentration levels found in the rooms are well below the maximum level of 1500 ppm.
CO2 concentration level in June - during office hours
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0- 300 300-600 600-900 900-1200 1200-1500 1500 and up
CO2 concentration [ppm]
[ho
urs
]
Room 107 - S
Room 123 - N
Room 505 - S
Room 518 - N
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Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
Summer monitoringWeighted temperature exceeding hours
ISO 7730 describes a method for the evaluation of the internal summer comfort: This is the method of weighted exceeding hours. All hours with a temperature above 25°C are taken into account. High temperatures have a higher weighting factor:
Temperature weighting factor 25°C: 1.0 26°C: 1.4 27°C: 2.0 28°C: 2.6 29°C: 3.4 30°C: 4.2
The allowable norm weighted temperature exceeding is 150 degree hours.
ISO 7730 describes a method for the evaluation of the internal summer comfort: This is the method of weighted exceeding hours. All hours with a temperature above 25°C are taken into account. High temperatures have a higher weighting factor:
Temperature weighting factor 25°C: 1.0 26°C: 1.4 27°C: 2.0 28°C: 2.6 29°C: 3.4 30°C: 4.2
The allowable norm weighted temperature exceeding is 150 degree hours.
Based on the monitored indoor temperatures in 1997, 166 degree hours were calculated.
These results are not corrected for unintended accidents (opening the windows when it is very hot, cleaning the sun shades during hot summer days, operating the boiler, etc).
When corrected, the exceeding is 86 degree hours: the internal summer comfort can be considered as acceptable
Based on the monitored indoor temperatures in 1997, 166 degree hours were calculated.
These results are not corrected for unintended accidents (opening the windows when it is very hot, cleaning the sun shades during hot summer days, operating the boiler, etc).
When corrected, the exceeding is 86 degree hours: the internal summer comfort can be considered as acceptable
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Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
Conclusions - 1 Natural ventilation:
The average winter ventilation rate is 2 ach, which was the design intention.
Summer night time ventilation rate is 3.75 ach. Indoor Air Quality: The CO2 levels in summer and winter are always
below the maximum value of 1500 ppm. IAQ is of an acceptable standard.
The Coanda effect was investigated and it was only in the most unfavourable room, situated on the fifth floor on the lee of the building that this phenomenon was not detected. In all the other rooms it functions well and there are no draught problems.
Overall conclusion:
the concept of natural ventilation with constant flow trickle vents, acoustic ducts to the atrium and auxiliary fans in the exhaust openings operates well.
Natural ventilation: The average winter ventilation rate is 2 ach, which was the design
intention. Summer night time ventilation rate is 3.75 ach. Indoor Air Quality: The CO2 levels in summer and winter are always
below the maximum value of 1500 ppm. IAQ is of an acceptable standard.
The Coanda effect was investigated and it was only in the most unfavourable room, situated on the fifth floor on the lee of the building that this phenomenon was not detected. In all the other rooms it functions well and there are no draught problems.
Overall conclusion:
the concept of natural ventilation with constant flow trickle vents, acoustic ducts to the atrium and auxiliary fans in the exhaust openings operates well.
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Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
Cooling by natural ventilation (Night cooling) The ventilation rate for cooling (3,75 ach) is close to the desired value
of 4 ach. Higher cooling effects can be obtained if the auxiliary fans are switched on earlier.
Indoor temperatures are sometimes higher than would normally be the case because of operator error: (the boiler was switched on in the summer, several sunny days the sun shades were moved so that windows could be cleaned and windows were left open on days when outside temperature was higher than indoor temperature, etc.).
There were complains about summertime temperatures, but a heat wave in august had a significant influence on the findings.
The uncorrected weighted temperature exceeding is 166 hours for 1997 (an extreme hot year). This value is slightly higher than the limit value of 150 (for a normal year). However when one takes into account operating errors , the value can be lowered to 86 hours. Hence the summer comfort levels can be within acceptable limit if mistakes are avoided.
Cooling by natural ventilation (Night cooling) The ventilation rate for cooling (3,75 ach) is close to the desired value
of 4 ach. Higher cooling effects can be obtained if the auxiliary fans are switched on earlier.
Indoor temperatures are sometimes higher than would normally be the case because of operator error: (the boiler was switched on in the summer, several sunny days the sun shades were moved so that windows could be cleaned and windows were left open on days when outside temperature was higher than indoor temperature, etc.).
There were complains about summertime temperatures, but a heat wave in august had a significant influence on the findings.
The uncorrected weighted temperature exceeding is 166 hours for 1997 (an extreme hot year). This value is slightly higher than the limit value of 150 (for a normal year). However when one takes into account operating errors , the value can be lowered to 86 hours. Hence the summer comfort levels can be within acceptable limit if mistakes are avoided.
Conclusions - 2
NatVent
Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building
Monitoring Monitoring set-upset-up
ConclusionsConclusions
Tax Office of Tax Office of EnschedeEnschede
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Back to Back to “Select a “Select a building”building”
Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
Concluding remarks
This concept shows that the integral approach of natural ventilation, effective solar shading, daylight control and the use of thermal mass for heat accumulation leads to a successful application of natural ventilation.
Concluding remarks
This concept shows that the integral approach of natural ventilation, effective solar shading, daylight control and the use of thermal mass for heat accumulation leads to a successful application of natural ventilation.
Concluding remarks and acknowledgement
Acknowledgement
We thank the Government Building Agency, East Directorate, Arnhem, NL, and W/E consultants sustainable building, Gouda, NL, who has performed the monitoring, to allow us to make use of the data (W/E report 5089.2, March 1998) and pictures.
Acknowledgement
We thank the Government Building Agency, East Directorate, Arnhem, NL, and W/E consultants sustainable building, Gouda, NL, who has performed the monitoring, to allow us to make use of the data (W/E report 5089.2, March 1998) and pictures.
More information...
NatVent
Back to Back to “Select a “Select a building”building”
Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building
Monitoring Monitoring set-upset-up
ConclusionsConclusions
Tax Office of Tax Office of EnschedeEnschede
More More information...information...
Winter Winter monitoringmonitoring
Summer Summer monitoringmonitoring
Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\nl3summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology -
winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\nl3det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions
Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\nl3summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology -
winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\nl3det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions
You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free.
Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation
You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free.
Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation