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What is Taxonomy?What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy organizes Taxonomy organizes
organisms into groups.organisms into groups. Species that are closely Species that are closely
related related (like dogs and wolves)(like dogs and wolves) are are grouped closer together grouped closer together then those that are not then those that are not (like dogs and humans)(like dogs and humans)
Scientists use Scientists use Taxonomy to identify Taxonomy to identify and name species.and name species.
Taxonomic RankTaxonomic Rank Each organism is grouped Each organism is grouped
into levels.into levels. All the organisms in the All the organisms in the
group will have group will have something in common something in common (such as a backbone, or (such as a backbone, or scales)scales)
Organisms in a Organisms in a SpeciesSpecies have more in common with have more in common with each other then organisms each other then organisms in a in a domaindomain
Ranks from most general to Ranks from most general to most specific:most specific: Domain (Group has Domain (Group has
Less in common.)Less in common.) KingdomKingdom PhylumPhylum ClassClass OrderOrder Family Family GenusGenus Species (Group has more Species (Group has more
in common)in common)
What are some ways these animals are What are some ways these animals are similar? Different?similar? Different?
Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature
Each species assigned a 2 part scientific name
Genus: a group of closely related species
Second part is unique to a species
Common Common NameName
GenusGenus SpeciesSpecies
WolfWolf CanisCanis lupuslupus
DogDog Canis Canis
familiarisfamiliaris
HumanHuman HomoHomo sapienssapiens
Hobbit Hobbit manman
HomoHomo floresiensisfloresiensis
Species are Grouped by Common Species are Grouped by Common Traits and ancestry (past relation)Traits and ancestry (past relation)
Webs also used to study taxonomic relationships.Webs also used to study taxonomic relationships.
Which species are Which species are more closely related?more closely related?
snakes & crocodiles snakes & crocodiles | snakes & frogs | snakes & frogs
rats & cats | cats & rats & cats | cats & dogsdogs
insects & lobsters | insects & lobsters | insects & birdsinsects & birds
lions & tigers | lions lions & tigers | lions & cougars& cougars
foxes & rats | foxes foxes & rats | foxes & dogs& dogs
cats & dogs | cats & cats & dogs | cats & lionslions
ClassificationClassification Organisms can be classified into any of the 6 Organisms can be classified into any of the 6
Kingdoms:Kingdoms: EubacteriaEubacteria ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria ProtistaProtista FungiFungi PlantaePlantae Animalia Animalia
EubacteriaEubacteria
Bacteria; unicellular (one celled) prokaryotesBacteria; unicellular (one celled) prokaryotes
ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria EXTREME Bacteria; unicellular (one celled) EXTREME Bacteria; unicellular (one celled)
prokaryotesprokaryotes
Live in there. EXTREME!
ProtistaProtista
Slime molds, algae, & amoebas. Unicellular Slime molds, algae, & amoebas. Unicellular (or sometimes multicellular) Eukaryotes(or sometimes multicellular) Eukaryotes
FungiFungi
Mushrooms, molds, & yeasts; multicellular Mushrooms, molds, & yeasts; multicellular eukaryoteseukaryotes
Dichotomous KeyDichotomous Key
A key scientists use to classify & name an A key scientists use to classify & name an organismorganism
The key is a series of questions that ask about The key is a series of questions that ask about an organisms traits.an organisms traits. Following this key can help you identify the Following this key can help you identify the
species.species.
Classify the FollowingClassify the Following 1. Has pointed ears .................................... go to 31. Has pointed ears .................................... go to 3 Has rounded ears ....................................go to 2Has rounded ears ....................................go to 2
2. Has no tail ............................................. Kentuckyus2. Has no tail ............................................. Kentuckyus Has tail .................................................. DakotusHas tail .................................................. Dakotus
3. Ears point upward .................................... go to 53. Ears point upward .................................... go to 5 Ears point downward ..............go to 4Ears point downward ..............go to 4
4. Engages in waving behavior ........................... Dallus4. Engages in waving behavior ........................... Dallus Has hairy tufts on ears .................................Californius Has hairy tufts on ears .................................Californius
5. Engages in waving behavior .................... WalaWala 5. Engages in waving behavior .................... WalaWala Does not engage in waving behavior ..................go to 6Does not engage in waving behavior ..................go to 6
6. Has hair on head ..................................... Beverlus 6. Has hair on head ..................................... Beverlus Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts) .......go to 7Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts) .......go to 7
7. Has a tail ............................................. Yorkio7. Has a tail ............................................. Yorkio Has no tail, aggressive ............................ RajusHas no tail, aggressive ............................ Rajus
1
2
KentuckyusKentuckyus
RajusRajus