LEONARDO DA VINCI Partnership TCG - Training for Church Guides and Cultural Heritage INFORMATIVE MANUAL Introduction: The project consortium descided, that each partner contributes to the “Informative Manual” and selects five places of interests in the context of the TCG project. Each partner selected the places following diffferent criteria: - most famous and important places in the country - places of regional importance - places of interest related to training courses for church chuides or touristic guides. The selected places of the “Informative Manual” are as different as the tradition and the cultural heritage of the partners’ countries. - AUSTRIA 3 pages - BULGARIA 4 pages - GERMANY 2 pages - GREECE 2 pages - ROMANIA 5 pages
Transcript
LEONARDO DA VINCI Partnership TCG - Training for Church Guides and Cultural Heritage
INFORMATIVE MANUAL
Introduction: The project consortium descided, that each partner contributes to the “Informative Manual” and selects five places of interests in the context of the TCG project. Each partner selected the places following diffferent criteria:
- most famous and important places in the country - places of regional importance - places of interest related to training courses for church chuides or touristic guides.
The selected places of the “Informative Manual” are as different as the tradition and the cultural heritage of the partners’ countries.
- AUSTRIA 3 pages - BULGARIA 4 pages - GERMANY 2 pages - GREECE 2 pages - ROMANIA 5 pages
LEONARDO DA VINCI Partnership TCG - Training for Church Guides and Cultural Heritage
AUSTRIA We selected five catholic churches in the eastern part of Austria - from the Capital Vienna and from Lower Austria. Therefore participants of TCG project have chosen their parish church. No. 1 was presented at the TCG-meeting in Bansko. No. 5 was a learning place within the project (example of good practice). Places of interest Short description
What is it famous for? How can visitors
reach it? Additional information
St. Michael’s Church, Vienna (Michaelerkirche)
St. Michael’s is one of Vienna’s oldest churches. It is dedicated to the archangel St. Michael, who is depicted on several places in- and outside the church. The church has been build between 1220 and 1250: St. Michael’s is a late Romanesque, early Gothic church and still has original murals from the construction time. The church is a three-aisled pillar basilica, with a transept, a rectangular main choir (with triple-apsidal end) and two side choirs in the East. As it is located on the Michaelerplatz (Michael’s Place), next to the Empirial Palace, the Hofburg, there has always been a strong connection to the Court. So St. Michael’s became (beside St. Augustin) Imperial Court
It has among all old churches in Vienna the largest parts of original murals and is one of ist few remaining Romanesque church buildings. It is famous for it’s original kept baroque crypt. The crypt was build part by part from around 1560 and was in use till 1794. (From this time on due to Emperor Joseph II’s court decree, all burials had to be taken place outside the city walls.) In the crypt of St. Michael‘s around 4000 people have been buried, most of them were aristocrates, rich traders and craftsmen or artist. (Some of the buried corpes have been mummified due to the special climate conditions. In the crypt of St. Michael‘s you can learn about Austria‘s Baroque burial tradition. St. Michael’s has also a long music tradition: St. Michael’s was always a meeting point for artists, especially for Musicians such as Joseph Haydn. The
Michaelerplatz, in the 1st district of Vienna. Underground: U3, station: „Herrengasse“, than walk along Herrengasse till you get to Michaelerplatz (Michael’s place), on the east of the place you’ll find the main Western entrance
In the beginning the church’s assets were managed by the Master of the municipal churches, which was part oft he Protestant-inclined City Council. In 1626, in the time of counter-reformation, Emperor Ferdinand II. called the order of the Barnabites (from Milano) to St. Michael‘s in order to „re-catholize“ Vienna. After almost 300 years of work in Austria, the Barnabites handed over the administration of their property to the Salvatorians in 1923, who are still there.
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Parish Church, whereas especially the court-servants used to visit the holy services. And they also used St. Michael‘s as their burial church. So the church became Vienna‘s most important burial place besides St. Stephan’s Cathedral.
Church owns one of Austria’s largest Baroque Organs: The so called „Sieber Organ“ has been build in 1714. In the year of 1791 Mozart’s Requiem was played on it for the first time during his funeral service.
St. Elisabeth, Vienna (Wieden)
Built in the middle of the 19th century by Hermann von Bergmann the church is a typical example of neogothic architecture. It is dedicated to St. Elisabeth, the patron of Empress “Sisi”, who was heartly welcomed by the Viennese in 1854 when she came from Bavaria.
Famous for its excellent acoustic the first church concerts of Vienna took place here.
4th district. Tram No. D “Schloss Belvedere”, 5 Minutes walking to Sankt Elisabeth Platz.
As it is situated in the axe of Argentinierstraße between Karlskirche and Südbahnhof it is visible from far away. Many people know it but few have visited it.
Parish-Church of Zwentendorf an der Donau
The parish of Zwentendorf was founded in the 11th century. The church of today was built in the 12th century, enlarged with a gothic chancel in the beginning of the 15th century. Dedicated to St. Stephen, it belonged for centuries to the diocese of Passau (today Bavaria). In the time of the counter reformation it was decorated in Baroque style.
As the Emperor Joseph II. abolished many monasteries in the 1780ies, the parish of Zwentendorf could buy some altar pieces from the carthusian monastery of Gaming in 1790. During renovation works after 1945 two stones from the roman period were found in the walls.
Situated at the right hand side of the Danube, between Tulln and Krems. Regular buses from Tulln and St. Pölten.
The municipality of Zwentendorf became famous for it’s nuclear power plant (the only one in Austria) which was built in the 1970s, but never put into operation. Today visitors come to Zwentendorf to learn, how such a power station works and what are the risks.
Millenniums-church of
The church was built by the regional architect Wolfgang
The church was inaugurated in the year 2000. Although the church seems to be an
Stattersdorf is a part of St. Pölten on the
The modern architecture attracts
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Stattersdorf (St. Pölten)
Pfoser. The floor plan is elliptic. Inside you seem to be in a belly of a ship.
industrial building outside, inside there is a warm and familiar atmosphere.
right side of Traisen-River, City Bus (No. 2) Johann Klapperstrasse
people from all around, especially young families to go to church there.
Weißenkirchen in Wachau Valley
The village is named after it’s church, which was built in the 14th century. During ages it was used for fortification reasons. The interior is mostly in baroque style.
Until today it is white coloured and visible from all around. The fortification walls can be visited. From there you have a wonderful view to the Danube.
Situated inbetween Krems and Melk on the left side of the Danube, Bus every hour from Krems (Kremser Str. 3)
Many people go there by bicycle (good system of cycle paths). Famous for it’s wine taverns.
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BULGARIA
Places of interest (name)
Short description
What is it famous for? How can visitors reach it? (Map/GPS)
Additional information
Cathedral “St. Alexander Nevski”
One of the places which are claimed to be hallmark of Sofia city is the cathedral St Alexander Nevsky, which is the center of the Bulgarian Orthodox Patriarchy.The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral can be easily recognized in the background of nearly all pictures, depicting the centre of Sofia as with its golden-plated doom, it dominates the horizon of Sofia city. It is the largest church-monument on the Balkan peninsula.
St. Alexander Nevski Cathedral was built in memory of the Russia’s 19th century contribution to Bulgaria’s Liberation. The temple was completed in 1912 after the original design of the Russian architect Pomerantsev had been approved by the First Great National Assembly. Pomarantsev and other Russian architects have been inspired by the glory of the ancient Byzantium, so they have implemented their ideas into the overall design of the today’s temple. The interior of the cathedral is just as splendid in terms of materials / Italian marble, Brazilian onyx, African alabaster, frescoes/ and craftsmanship. The altar and the patriarch’s throne are cut of multi-coloured Italian marble. The underground crypt of Alexander Nevski has an impressive collection of icons. The exposition opened in 1964 and features icons from across Bulgaria which are among the 9th -18th century masterpieces in the Balkans.
On the map of Sofia
Working time of “St. Alexander Nevski” cathedral: 7.00 – 17.30 (No day off) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IohvM54zsJg&feature=related
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Roman Rotunda “St. George”
The St. George church is the oldest Eastern European Orthodox church.
Hidden away in a courtyard of the Presidency and the dainty Sheraton Hotel, amid remains of the ancient town of Serdica, rises the famous Roman Rotunda, a red-brick building transformed into the present day St. George Church. The Roman Rotunda /the church “St. George”/ is the oldest preserved structure which still serves its original purpose in the Sofia city. It was built in the 4th century by the Romans; however, it has been significantly changed since then. What are really interesting to see, though, are the 12th-14th century frescoes inside the central dome.
On the map of Sofia
As the Roman Rotunda has been recently restored, it worth seeing due to its simple, but still exquisite architecture, remarkable remnants of frescoes and the entire complex of ruins behind the altar. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ri0up9B92Vs
Boyana Church
The Boyana Church is one of the few complete and well preserved medieval monuments which are true evidence for the significant contribution of Bulgarian wall painting to the European culture in the Middle Ages. The Boyana Church, this fine example of Medieval architecture and unique murals, is under the auspices of UNESCO.
The Boyana Church is a small temple, consisting of two parts: the oldest dates back to the 10th century when it has served as the chapel of the Boyana Fortress.The second floor was built later on, in 1259 by the Local Ruler Kaloyan /Bulgarians called him Sevastokrator Kaloyan/ who has used the church as a family chapel. Therefore, because of his contribution, Boyana church is famous today for its unique frescoes. The interior of the church include unique Bible scenes
On the map of Sofia
It is recommendable to see the portraits of the white-bearded St. John of Rila /St. Ivan Rilski/, Bulgaria’s saint, a hermit who has lived a humble life in solitude in the Rila Mountain, and portrait, depicting Kaloyan and his wife
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and portraits of saints, which are masterpieces of 13th century artists, whose names have not been revealed yet. What one will admit, though, is that their mastery of true depiction and sophisticated use of the variety of colours placed them alongside with the prominent Italians artists of the early Renaissance.
Dessislava dressed in sumptuous garments. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJqPHz261Qk&feature=related
Rila Monastery
The Rila Monastery is the largest and most famous Eastern Orthodox monastery in Bulgaria. Founded in the 10th century, the Rila Monastery is regarded as one of Bulgaria's most important cultural, historical and architectural monuments and is a key tourist attraction for both Bulgaria and Southeastern Europe. The monastery complex, regarded as one of the foremost masterpieces of Bulgarian National Revival architecture, was declared a national historical monument in 1976 and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.
The monastery is named after its founder, the hermit Ivan of Rila (876 - 946 AD). Ever since its creation, the Rila Monastery has been supported and respected by the Bulgarian rulers. Large donations were made by almost every tsar of the Second Bulgarian Empire up until the Ottoman Conquest, making the monastery a cultural and spiritual centre of Bulgarian national consciousness that reached its apogee from the 12th to the 14th century. The complex acted as a depository of Bulgarian language and culture in the ages of foreign rule. The whole complex occupies an area of 8,800 m² and is rectangular in form, centred around the inner yard (3,200 m²), where the tower and the main church are situated.
The old church "St. Teodor Tiron and Teodor Stratiat”, Dobarsko
The old church "St. Teodor Tiron and Teodor Stratiat is under the auspices of UNESCO.
According to some sources, the church was built in 1614 by wealthy residents of the village, but others say its construction has been the mark of an earlier period. Half in the ground and has no bell tower and dome. However it is with great stepnopisi that the temple belong to the most valuable examples of Bulgarian art. Here you can see an image of Jesus Christ into something strikingly like a rocket.
41° 58' 12.53" N 23° 28' 37.68" E
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhsq6a4xdo4
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GERMANY
We selected five churches in the south of Germany related to the training of church guides in Wuerttemberg and to the TCG project.
Places of interest (name)
Short description
What is it famous for? How can visitors reach it? (Map/GPS)
Additional information
Kilian Church,
Heilbronn (KK)
Built in the 15th century; destroyed 4 Dec.1944 and rebuilt, also the Renaissance Tower. Inside with modern elements – windows
Seyffert Altar from 1493; wood, not painted – original figures. Modern windows by Professor Crodel (ca 1960) – the window-program is based on the Bible. Some old window pieces.
The church is in the city of Heilbronn next to the market place and tram station; parking houses near-by.
Normally the tower can be visited - view over Heilbronn; The church is open during the day; normally somebody is there who can be ask for further information. It is a place of recreation and silence in the noisy city.
Ulm Cathedral
(jh)
Gothic cathedral erected in the14th century and finished in the 19th century
One of the big Gothic cathedrals in Germany, highest tower (preceded
by Cologne Cathedral)
In the centre of Ulm. The main station
is nearby.
Guided tour within the cgt project (see cgt project reports on DVD)
Johannis Church
Stuttgart (jh)
The neo gothic church was built in the mid of the 19th century by the burghers of Stuttgart.
Built on an artificial peninsula in the
“Feuersee”
500 m east of Stuttgart main station.
U-Bahn “Feuersee”
Guided tour within the TCG
project (see Learning Manual)
Michael Church
Munich (jh)
The Jesuit church was built between 1583 and 1597 as a spiritual centre after the reformation. A magnificent Renaissance facade with a large bronze statue which shows Archangel Michael fighting for the faith.
The barrel vaulted roof being the
largest vault in the world apart from that of St Peter’s in Rome, spanning
freely more than 20 meters.
In the centre of Munich, between
Marienplatz and Karlsplatz/Stachus
Guided tour within the cgt project (see cgt project reports on DVD)
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St. Salvator /Greek Orthodox Church,
Munich (jh)
Gothic church from 1494. Built as a cemetery church, donated by the Bavarian king Ludwig I to the Greek Orthodox community in 1828. Iconostasis donated by the Russian emperor.
Connected to the politics of Ludwig
I. He was engaged in the Pan Hellenistic movement for the
liberation of Greece. His son Otto became in 1832 king of Greece.
Near “Marienplatz” (the main place in
the city centre of Munich)
Guided tour within the cgt project (see cgt project reports on DVD)
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GREECE
Places of interest (name)
Short description
What is it famous for? How can visitors reach it? (Map/GPS) Additional information
Philippoi Ancient city of Philippoi (ruins and ancient theatre) Baptistery of Lydia
Baptistery – the place where the first Christian woman was baptized (Lydia)
Coordinates: 41°00′47″N 24°17′11″E National road Kavala-Drama
Monastery of Great Lavra
The Monastery of Great Lavra . The founding of the monastery in AD 963 by Athanasius the Athonite marks the beginning of the organized monastic life at Mount Athos.
Famous The library of the monastery.
Mount Athos. Chalkidiki Greece
Church of Saint Demetrius,
The Church of Saint Demetrius, or Hagios Demetrios (Greek: Άγιος Δημήτριος), is the main sanctuary dedicated to Saint Demetrius, the patron saint of Thessaloniki, dating from a time when it was the second largest city of the Byzantine Empire. World Heritage Sites by UNESCO since 1988
The basilica is famous for six extant mosaic panels, dated to the period between the latest reconstruction and the inauguration of the Iconoclastic policies in 730.
Coordinates: 40° 38′ 20″ N, 22° 56′ 53″ E Ayiou Dimitriou und Ayiou Nikolaou,street Thessalonika, Greece
Rotonda
It was part of the whole Galerian complex built by Galerius during his stay in town. Dated to the late 3rd - early 4th century AD (possibly the 310).
It is famous for its exquisite mosaics, which are classified as remarkable works of Christian art
Coordinates 40°38′00″N 22°57′10.5″E
Dimitriou Gounari street
Thessaloniki Greece
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SAINT Nikolas church
Saint Nicolas Church was built in the middle of 16th century and operated as mosque. It was the central temple in the old city of kavala. The modification of the church was realized in 1926 where in 1945 it
was inaugurated and named after the sea patron Saint Nicolas
In the surrounding area of the church specified the point of
disembarkation of the Apostle of Nation and founder of the
local church
SAINT Nikolas street Kavala Greece
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ROMANIA Places of interest (name)
Short description
What is it famous for? How can visitors reach it? (Map/GPS)
Additional information
Sucevita Monastery
High walls and heavily buttressed defensive towers surround the great monastic complex of Sucevita, giving it the appearance of a fortress. Founded in 1581 by Gheorghe Movila, Bishop of Radauti, it was later expanded by his brother, Ieremia, ruling prince of Moldavia, who added massive ramparts and turrets. An elegant steeple resting on a star-shaped base tops the church. Massive eaves protect the outside frescoes, painted by local artists in 1602-1604.
Sucevita was the last of the 22 painted churches of Bucovina and has the largest number of painted images.
http://amfostacolo.ro/harta-romania__15/moldova-
bucovina__93/manastirile-moldovei__1198/
Location: Bucovina – Northeastern Romania Nearby large town: Suceava (31 miles southeast) Access: car, bus (from Radauti) Nearest train stations: Radauti, Vatra Moldovitei hc
Voronet Monastery
Voronet Monastery was founded by Stephen the Great, ruling prince of Moldavia, to fulfill a pledge to Daniil, a hermit who had encouraged him to chase the Turks from Wallachiia. After defeating the Turks, Stephen erected Voronet in less than four months. Portraits of ancient Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle and Plato, are featured in the Tree of Jesus fresco. Added in 1547, the frescoes of this church illustrate biblical scenes, prayers, episodes of sacred hymns and themes such as The Last Judgment and The Ladder of St. John, featuring colorful and detail-rich imagery of apostles, evangelists, philosophers, martyrs, angels
Perhaps the most famous and stunning of the painted monasteries is Voronet (Vo ro nets), founded in 1487 by Stephen the Great to celebrate a victory over the Turks. Widely known throughout Europe as "the Sistine Chapel of the East" due to its interior and exterior wall paintings, this monastery offers an abundance of frescoes featuring an intense shade of blue commonly known as ‘Voronet blue.’ The composition of the paint continues to remain a mystery even now, more than 500 years after the church was built.
http://amfostacolo.ro/harta-romania__15/moldova-
bucovina__93/manastirile-moldovei__1198/
Location: Bucovina – Northeastern Romania
Nearby large town: Suceava (20 miles east)
Access: car, bus (from Gura Humorului), 3 ½-mile walk
from Gura Humorului Nearest train stations: Gura
Humorului
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and demons. Monastic life at Voronet was interrupted in 1785 under Habsburg rule. It returned only in 1991 with the arrival of a community of nuns which strives to harmoniously combine a religious life of prayer with housekeeping and farm work. The nuns run a painting workshop and provide guided tours of the monastery for visitors.
The Black Church
The Black Church, the largest Gothic church between Vienna and Istanbul, towers over Piata Sfatului and the old town. Originally dedicated to Virgin Marry the church was Roman-Catholic for more than a century and a half and later with the reformation sweeping across Europe it became a Lutheran one. Service is still held today for the small German community from Brasov on Sundays.
The Black Church has a turbulent history: built between 1385 and 1477 on the site of an earlier church (destroyed by Mongol invasions in 1242), the construction of the Marienkirche was hampered by extensive damage caused by Turkish raids in 1421. The church was given its new name after disaster struck again in 1689, when the 'Great Fire, set by Hapsburg invaders, leveled most of the town, heavily damaged the church, blackening its walls. Restoration took almost 100 years. Of the two towers planned, only one (65,6m high) was finished. The year 1477 is written in Gothic letters on the front gate, the only piece made in wood that resisted the fire. The original Gothic interior has suffered under the restorations, and the lofty, light space you see nowadays is mostly Baroque. Most of the objects inside the church date from the reconstruction time except for the baptismal font which was cast in bronze by a local craftsman in 1450
In Brasov, one of the most beautiful towns in Romania, in the centre of the country,
in Brasov Depression.
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CHURCH ST. JOHN
THE BAPTIST
It was built between 1884-1886 during the reign of the King Charles I (Carol I). The founders of this church are Mr. Alecse Popescu and his wife Mrs. Maria Popescu, they being the ones who offered the whole financial support.This is why this church is called Alecse Church. They also founded and supported financially othe two churches in their native village from Transilvania, Marcus and one in the commune Crunti, county Ialomita. The first brick of the Alecse Church was laid on the 23-rd of April 1884 the buildin being completed o the 14-th of October 1886. It was built during the bishopship of Calinic Miclescu, bishop of Ungrovlahia. The paintings were completed in 1965 and later, in 2005, restored by the painter Coman Daniel from the city Roman, county Neamt. Artistic features.
The architecture of the church is similaar to the plans of the church St. Paraschiva from Braila. The only difference is the big steeple that has a number of crosses around. The church is 32 metres long and 14 metres wide. The style used/applied is a combination of the Byzantin style with the neclassic style. It is made of stone and brick. There are two tower bells, one 125 kg and the other one 500 kg. The original painting was made by the painter Dem Demetrescu Buzau, in 1886.
Address: Plevna Street 228, municipality Calarasi,
county Calarasi This is one of the first oldest churches built in Calarasi.
THE METROPOLITAN CHURCH
Consecrated to Saint Emperors Constantine and Helen is a construction of impressive proportions (28 m long in the interior, with a 14.60 m wide narthex). It was raised in 1656-1658 by prince Constantin Serban Basarab. During Radu Leon's rule (1664-1669), the church became the Wallachian
The façades are decorated with two registers of blind arches, separated by a median stone belt made up of three mouldings twisted here and there. The blind arches in the lower register are simple, while those in the upper one are narrower and grouped in pairs. The median belt is set between two rows of bricks
http://www.salutbucuresti.ro/planoras/
The church is situated on the Metropolitan Church Hill, in Bucharest, the capital of Romania
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Metropolitan seat, as in the 16th century it had been moved from Târgoviste to the Sf.Gheorghe-Vechi Monastery first, and then to Radu Voda Monastery in Bucharest.
In a document dated 8 June 1668, prince Radu Leon states that "I painted and ornated it (the church) with all the adornments". The structure of the church - three- cusped, with an enlarged narthex, and four steeples above - reproduces almost faithfully the plan of the See Church at Curtea de Arges; however, its bigger dimensions and the large open porch supported by twelve brick pillars differentiate it from the latter.
placed in a sawteeth pattern.
Out of the old 1668 frescoes, only the icon representing the patrons of the church was preserved and can be seen in the recess above the porch door. Above the porch, there are several paintings accomplished in 1935-1939 by D.Belizarie; they represent angels, prophets and the twelve Apostles. In the narthex there is the votive picture of Constantin Serban Basarab and Radu Leon with their wives, as well as the portraits of the Metropolitans who had the church restored or repaired, among whom Patriarch Miron Cristea. It is also in the narthex that stands a silver chest with relief ornaments, holding the relics of St.Dimitrie Basarobov - the saint patron of Bucharest - brought from Bulgaria by the Russian general Salticov, and presented as a gift to the Metropolitan Church.
The belfry in front of the church was raised in 1698 by Constantin Brâncoveanu, and was restored in 1958. The Metropolitan Church is the place where all official religious ceremonies are held.
In 1688, the printing workshop of the
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Metropolitan Church brought out the famous Bible of Bucharest, the first complete translation of the Bible into Romanian, made by brothers Serban and Radu Greceanu and issued on Serban Cantacuzino's initiative. This work, a monument of the old Romanian language, played an important role in the development of the literary Romanian language.During the restoration works of 1799, 1834-1839, 1850 and 1886, the old paintings were effaced, and certain changes and completions were made. The most important repairs and restorations were carried out by the Commission for Historical Monuments in 1935-1939, and in 1959-1962, when the church was repainted and got an aspect close to its present one.
