SEMINAR ON

TEACHING ACTIVITY

PREPARED BY: Mr.Vivek D.

JamnikF.Y. MSC NURSINGGCON, JALGAON

TEACHINGTeaching is science as well as art. For

effective teaching, teacher has to follow some specific principles based on certain precise knowledge.

In this sense, teaching is science. In order to teach effectively, teacher has to adopt varied circumstances by using different techniques.

teacher has to develop or cultivate his or her own style of teaching in order to become an efficient teacher

DEFINITIONBurton : “Teaching method is the stimulation,

guidance , direction and encouragement for learning.”

Yokam and simpson : “Teaching is the means

whereby the society trains the young in specific or selected environment to adjust themselves to the world in which they live as quickly as possible.”

-Flander: “Teaching is an interaction process.

Interaction means participation of both teacher and student and both get benefit by this. The interaction takes place for achieving desired objectives.”

OBJECTIVE OF TEACHINGAims at developing love for workInculcates the desire to do work

with maximum efficiency which one is capable of

Develop the capacity of clear thinking

Provides adequate opportunities for participation

Cont…• Expand students interest• Provide opportunities to pupils

to apply practically the knowledge and skills

• They should adapt to the 3A’s age, ability, and aptitude of the student.

• Eagerness of the inspectorates• General support of the

profession

CONT…Teamwork and a sense of

security Mastery of the subject matterProvision for a good library and

teaching learning materialRole of teacher training institutes Cooperation of the parents.

Methods of teaching…Inspirational method: based

on high activity on the part of the teacher e.g. simulation and microteaching

Expository methods: cognitive emphasis is high while student activity and emphasis on experience is low e.g. lecture method

Methods….Natural learning method: learning

takes place in a natural way e.g. field trip

Individualized method: main emphasis is for the each learner to earn at his own place e.g. programmed instruction, self study, case method, and computer oriented instruction.

Group method: e.g. project method, socialized classroom method.

Methods…Encounter method: providing

experience through confrontation or through encounter effective of change in basic behavioral pattern and developing new ways of looking at thing e.g. role play, simulation.

Discovery method: these methods are high on all dimensions like learner activity, experience, and experimentation by learner and cognitive understanding e.g. problem solving technique.

Characteristics Imparting knowledge in an

efficient mannerInculcates desirable values and

proper attitude and habits of work in the student

Create a genuine attachment to work and desire to it as efficiently, honestly and thoroughly as possible

Characteristics The principal of verbalism and

memorization activity and project method should be assimilated in school practice

Provide opportunities for students to learn actively and to apply practically the knowledge that they have acquired in the class room

Characteristics Clear thinking and clear

expression both in speech and writing has to take place

Train the learner in the technique of the study methods of acquiring knowledge through personal efforts and initiatives

Characteristics A well thought out attempt

should be made to adopt method of instruction in order to benefit all categories of student

Opportunity of the student should be provided to work in groups and to carry out project and activities to develop in them the qualities necessary for group life and for cooperation work

Principles of teaching..Principal of motivation: the

best teacher one who inspires the teacher.

The human mind is like the parachute and it works only when it opens so though teaching teacher should try to unleash the talent of the student by motivating them.

Principles of activity: Teacher should also participate in various activities along with student like discussion or conducting research.

Teacher must provide various types of activities such as assignment or project to enhance creative skill of students.

Teacher should arouse interest in student

To make student respective teacher has to elicit interest by adopting suitable method like telling story, citing an example or by asking question

for example when teaching moist heat sterilization teacher can elicit interest of student by advising them to take iidli for breakfast while travelling not only because iddli is the combination of pulses and cereals but also it is prepared in steam i.e. moist heat which is considered as one of the best method of sterilization.

There should be well defined objective:. If you are planning to take class on lecture method the following objective will serve the purpose after attending the class student will acquire knowledge regarding the practice of lecture method

Principle of individual difference: good teaching always respect the individuality of student by considering each student as unique individual teacher can pay attention to the individual difference

Principle of creativity: by applying creativity teacher can convert a passive teaching learning situation into an active one.

Through creativity teacher can arouse students natural motivation to learn and this will turn convert a usually teacher centered classroom into more desirable learner centered classroom.

Principle of selection: teacher should select an appropriate content, teaching method, media of instruction, AV aids, textbook, and general article for teaching a particular subject matter in order to make teaching more meaningful and comprehensible to students.

Principle of division: particular teaching activity should have definite division based on valid reason. Teacher should be aware about the division and present content to the student in well organized step.

Teacher has to divide the content into clear-cut divisions like definition, classification, etiology, pathology, clinical features, investigation, line of management, complication and prognosis and nursing management and teach each division thoroughly before proceeding to the next by giving adequate weightage to the nursing management.

Principle of revision and practice: during a teaching session teacher has to revise in the middle and in the end. Revising of summarizing the content in the end of a teaching session is called as recapitulation.

In addition to recapitulation the teacher has to motivate the student to practice the learned lesion periodically to enhance easy recollection.

Principle of correlation: the function of teaching is to share knowledge development of understanding and skills.

While teaching teacher has to take care of that transferred knowledge will not remain segregated and as far as correlate with previous or related knowledge.

Principle of connecting with life: relationship between the life and education is proved undoubtfully teaching as an integral part of education so all the teaching activities are connected with life.

For instance the maximum attention span of human being at a stretch is 40 to 45 minutes and based on this fact usually a teaching session is planned for 45 minutes.

Qualities of good teaching..Good teaching recognizes

individual differenceGood teaching is cause to learn Good teaching provide

opportunities for activityGood teaching involves in

guiding and learningGood teaching is kindly and

sympathetic

Good teaching reduces distance between teacher and learner

Good teaching is flexible Good teaching incorporate

cooperativeness and suggestiveness

Good teaching is democraticGood teaching provide desirable

and selective informationGood teaching helps the client to

adjust himself in the environment

Good teaching is progressiveGood teaching always consider the

level of the studentGood teaching leads to emotional

stabilityGood teaching is stimulatingGood teaching should be on the

basis of previous knowledge of the student

Good teaching is carefully planned in advance

Maxims of teachingKnown to Unknown: The teacher has to

correlate the learning of the student with their experience and the pervious knowledge. Teacher has to start with something which is known to the student and then proceed to unknown.

For example: A class in geriatric nursing could be more convincing, if the teacher start the class by inviting the student opinion regarding the particularities or need of the old age people from their own experience and then proceeding to further detail which are unknown to them.

Simple to Complex: It is always better to teach the most simple lesson first and then the complex one.

While conducting class on pediatric nursing the teacher has to teach the simple topics like pediatric nursing and adult nursing before complex procedure and disease condition.

Concrete to Abstract: Concrete things are solid things and they can be touched with five senses. But abstract things can only be imagined.

On the other hand, if we teach the students with the help of concrete objects, they will never forget the subject matter.

For example: while teaching the central nervous system teacher should first teach the brain with the help of the specimen or model (concrete aspect) and then each about the function of the brain.

 

Analysis of synthesis: Analysis means breaking a problem into its convenient parts while synthesis means grouping of these separated parts into one complete whole. A complex problem can be made simple and easy by dividing into different parts.

For example: cardiac arrest can be taught to student by splitting the components like definition, etiology, pathology, clinical features, medical or surgical management, nursing management, rehabilitation. So student can easily synthesis these aspects while caring the patient of cardiac arrest in clinical setting.

Particular to General: While teaching, the teacher should first of all take particular statements and then on the basis of those particular cases, generalization should be made.

For instance the role of protein in body building and repair has to specify before generalizing the consequences of under nutrition.

Empirical to Rational: Empirical knowledge is gained through observation and experience. Rational knowledge is build upon the scientific basis is more dignified than the empirical knowledge.

For example: while teaching the nursing management of hyperpyrexia to first year Bsc students teacher has to convert empirical knowledge to a rational one by explaining the scientific principle of placing the wet cloth on forehead for reducing the temperature.

Induction to Deduction: Induction means drawing a conclusion from a set of examples whereas deduction is its opposite. The teacher should proceed from induction to deduction.

 Psychological to Logical: While

teaching, the teacher should first keep in mind the interest, aptitudes, capacities, development level etc. of the children during selection of subject matter and then on to its logical arrangement.

Actual to Representative: For teaching excellently, actual objects should be, shown to the children as far as possible. It gives them concrete learning which is more desirable.

Representative things in the form of pictures, models; etc. should be used for the grownups or the seniors who are already familiar with the actual objects.

Near to Afar: Every child is able to learn well in the surroundings to which he belongs.

So the child should be acquainted fully with his immediate environment. Gradually he may be taught about those things which are far from his immediate environment.

This principle, if kept in view, will smoothen the leaching-learning process considerably.

Whole to Part: Whole is meaningful to student. The whole approach help the student to

understand the relationship between the different part and resulting correlation makes learning easier and meaningful.

For example: for teaching osteology, anatomy teacher has to give a brief description of skeletal system by mentioning its function, total number of bone etc before dealing with the different individual bone or parts of the skeletal system like clavical, humerous etc this will help the student to learn individual bone in relation to the whole skeletal system in more meaningful way.

Definite to Indefinite: In teaching, definite things should be taught first because the learner can easily have faith in them. Then afterwards he should give the knowledge of indefinite things.

First year nursing student posses only some indefinite and vague ideas about nursing and a talented teacher transforms these ideas to a definite one by providing details of nursing such as definition of nursing, history of nursing, qualities of good nurse, etc.

Qualities of a good teacher..1. Friendliness and

CongenialityThe most important

characteristic of a good teacher can have is to be friendly and congenial with his students. It is a plus if his students can share their problems with him, without being afraid or hesitant.

2. A Good PersonalityA good teacher has a very good

personalityStudents always get attracted to teachers

with good personality which leads to better communication, understanding, and ultimately good results.

Everyone can have a good, decent, likable, and presentable personality. Just dress sensibly well, smell good, and be a little gentle and kind.

3.Deep Knowledge and a Great Education

Another important characteristic of a good teacher is his knowledge and own education. There is a saying that 'a teacher is only as good as his knowledge is.' After all, he is doing a teacher's job, which is to teach.

If he himself lacks in the knowledge of a certain subject that he teaches, he is never going to make a name for himself.

4. A Good CommunicatorOne of the very important characteristics of a

good teacher is his communication skills. He should be a very good speaker. This characteristic will provide benefits in several ways. For example:

If his communication skills are good, he can convey his lectures with better skill and results.

If he is a good speaker, his class strength increases automatically. People love to hear a person who he can speak well enough

5. A Good ListenerApart from being a good communicator, a

good teacher should also have the characteristic of being an even better listener.

"If speaking is silver; then listening is gold."A good listener will always have many

friends and fans. And when a good teacher develops this

patience quality in him, he starts to become a great teacher.

6. A Good Sense of Humor:So, a good teacher is the one

who can keep up with his sense of humor, and with his strong communication skills and personality, can also maintain the discipline of the class.

7.KindnessThe last but obviously one of the

most important characteristics to have in his box of qualities: he should be a gentle, kind, chivalrous, and benevolent person. Students should love him, and when they do love him, they idolize him.

SUMMARY:

Till now we have discussed about theDefinition of teaching.Objective of method of teaching.Classification of method of teaching.Characteristics of method of teaching.Principle of teaching.Qualities of good teaching.Maxims of teaching in education.Qualities of a good teacher

Conclusion Teaching is an interaction process.

Interaction means participation of both teacher and student and both are benefit by this.

The interaction takes place for achieving desired objective.

Teaching is an intimate contact between teacher and student. In this process of education, teacher helps in developing in the student’s personality by this intimate contact.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

B Shankarnarayan, B Sindhu. Learning and Teaching Nursing. 4th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee publication;2012. p. 94-109.

Shebeer P. Basheer. Textbook of nursing education. 1st ed. New Delhi: EMMESS medical publisher; 2015. p. 367-70