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Ocean Hydropower
Harvest Station
Team 5Carlos Sosa
Michael HortaMaria Medina
According to U.S. Energy Information Administration
oUnits are in Quadrillion BtuoBritish thermal unit (Btu)oQuadrillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000 o 1 Btu = 0.29307107Wo 154,975,103 GW were consumed in 2012
Total World Energy Consumption
oIn the next 50 years the world population is expected to increase by 2 billion
oIf each of those new 2 billion individuals uses one 50W light bulb
o50x200000000 = 100,000,000,000W = 100GW of more energy consumption to account for
Estimated Increase in Population
Power Plant Type
Cost ($/KW-hr)
Coal $0.10-0.14Natural Gas $0.07-0.13Nuclear $0.10Wind $0.08-0.20Solar PV $0.13Solar Thermal $0.24Geothermal $0.05Biomass $0.10Hydro $0.08
o This table compares the US average levelized electricity cost (LEC) in dollars per kilowatt-hour for both non-renewable and alternative fuels
o LEC is the total cost of build and operate a power plant over its life divided by the total power output over its lifetime
o Hydro energy is not the cheapest initially, however it does show better results then other forms of power
o With the right investment and technology it can have promising results
These results are based on US EIA statistics and analysis from Annual Energy Outlook 2014
Cost Analysis
o EPRI estimates the total wave energy resource along the outer continental is at 2,640 TWh/yr
o 1 TWh/yr of energy will supply around 93,850 average U.S. homes with power annually
Wave Energy
http://www.irishtimes.com/polopoly_fs/1.1925677.1410533549!/image/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/box_620_330/image.jpg
oWave energy devices being developed and tested for diverse regions, and a variety of technologies have been proposed to capture the energy from waves all around the world
oWave technologies have been designed to be installed in the nearshore, offshore, remote, and far offshore locations
Diverse Regions
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Elevation.jpg
oFor now, the best wave generator technology in place in the United Kingdom and is producing energy at an average cost of 7.5 cents kWh
oElectricity generated by large scale coal burning power plants costs about 2.6 cents per kWh
o2 cent per kWh is the projected goal to set for renewable wave energy
Cost Incentives
Wave Power Through Time
1940’s 19731799 1903
First known patent for ocean wave energy by Girard and
his son in Paris, France
The first oscillating water-column type of wave-energy
device made by Bochaux-Praceique near Bordeaux,
France
Yoshio Masuda’s experiments took over the modern search for harvesting wave energy
The oil crisis gave renewable energies new momentum to be further
researched by many universities worldwide
1997
Ocean Power Technologies founded
1998
Pelamis Wave Power founded
2008
The Clean Energy Tax Stimulus Act
StructureoHexagonal shaped designoMade of pvc pipes filled with
polyurethane foamo Structure will enclose a power
generator
Alternative Design #1
Methods of Generating PoweroWaves compress air in chamber causing
the air to be forced upward and spin the propeller
oWave movement forces the magnet to move up and down inside the coil and generate a current
oIncorporate a jellyfish-like appearance
oEnclose is a bubble-like materialoProtect marine life
oAdd florescent colorso Led or glow in the dark painto Improve visibility in the dark and
under harsh weather
Aesthetics
o Freewheel or overrunning clutch is a device in a transmission that disengages the driveshaft from the driven shaft when the driven shaft rotates faster than the driveshaft
o In the oscillation of the buoy, the alternator will only be engaged in the downward motion of the lever, therefor producing a constant direction in rational motion
Alternative Design #2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewheel#/media/File:Freewheel_en.svg
Clockwise Free Rotation
Counter Clockwise Locked Rotation
o In a permanent magnet generator, the magnetic field of the rotor is produced by permanent magnets. Other types of generator use electromagnets to produce a magnetic field in a rotor winding
o Can also produce energy in both rotations
PMA Alternator
http://i.ebayimg.com/01/!Btf)CwgBWk~$(KGrHqYOKkYEvPP1BkV1BL8NFZF(h!~~_35.JPG
o Spur and helical gear reducers are the best candidates for use as a speed increase
o Spur gear speed reducer may be used as a speed increaser within the same speed and power range for which it is rated as a speed reducer
Spur Gear Speed Increaser
http://www.davidbrown.cn/products/centre%20drives%20large.jpg
o Similar technology to the Beta Stirling Engineo A piston attached to a buoy will move up and
down by the oscillating motion of the waves housed in a thin, light cylindrical structure
o The piston will be pinned to a large gear, housed in a larger cylindrical structure, causing the gear to rotate
o The larger gear will be connected to a smaller one which will then be connected to an alternator
Alternative Design #3
http://www.cnccookbook.com/img/StirlingEngines/BetaStirlingTG4web.jpg