Technologies and examples of heating and cooling historical buildingsMichele De Carli
Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padova
e-mail: [email protected]
SEMINARHistorical Architecture & Energy Efficiency -
Proposals and SolutionsBruxelles – September 25 2013
Problem 1 Before 1945
1945 - 1981 1981 - 2001
Around 20% of buildings are historical buildings in Italy
Problem 2Many buildings are used in a different way compared to their original use
Problem 3
In historical buildings there is frequently no possibility to insulate nor to install renewable energy (local regulations do not allow photovoltaic or solar collectors)
Problem 4Running costs of energy have to be faced, but the value of artworks is much higher than the energy costs
Problem 5
Values of temperature, lighting and air humidity may change related to the different artworks contained in the historical building
Problem 6Comfort of people is not necessarily related to indoor climate requirements for artworks
And more problems ...........
ST. MARIEN – WISMAR (D)
Destroyed in second World war Monitoring of a chapel
SOME EXAMPLES OF THE RESEARCH ACTIVITY
andamento delle temperature dell'aria
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24/10/03 0.00 24/10/03 12.00 25/10/03 0.00 25/10/03 12.00 26/10/03 0.00 26/10/03 12.00 27/10/03 0.00
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T 1,0m T 4,0m T 7,0m T 10,0m T 13,0m temperatura esterna set-point
livello di velocitàdel ventilatore
ST. MARIEN – WISMAR (D)
1°C/hour maximum heat-up, cooling-down
A good solution is to maintain a set-point temperat ure during occupancy and a set-back temperature if the buildin g is not in use.
S. Francesco’s Church in Bassano del Grappa (I)
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REAL values after retrofit (from bills)
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In real conditions
Simulations by changing the concrete thickness
With intermittent operation
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VILLA PISANI – STRA (I)
Heating/cooling by means of the pond
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Technical room
Internal units
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BASILICA DEL PALLADIO – VICENZA (I)
Volume 20’000 m³
Ventilation (heated/cooled air)Floor radiant heating/coolingHeat pump using aquifer water
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Retrofit of the floor
Radiant system installation
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BASILICA S. MARIA DELLA SALUTE – VENICE (I)
Preserving the original floor
Radiant floor heating might induce mechanical stresses.Constant temperature over the year
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Milling of the floor and pipe installation
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PALAZZO DELLA RAGIONE – PADOVA (I)
One of the largest halls in Europe
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Palazzo della Ragione - Temperatura operativa
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Palazzo della Ragione - Temperatura operativa
Heating
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Simulations
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Cooling conditions Heating conditions
Air diffusers for heating/cooling
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Air velocities close to walls in cooling conditions
Air velocities close to walls in heating conditions
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OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS OF RESEARCH 1/2
• When retrofitting a heating plant the higher effici ency of the new systems allow better comfort and energy savings
• There is the need of monitoring indoor parameters before and after renovations
• It might be possible to use non-invasive solutions (e.g. reflecting paintings with respect to solar radiatio n for walls, film coatings for windows, etc.). Research i s needed to check the real benefits
• Need of guidelines for local regulations for histor ical buildings energy solutions
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• In cooling it might be possible to use natural ventilation. In naturally ventilated buildings ener gy consumption is low, IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) is goo d, thermal comfort perception is completely different to air-conditioned spaces (higher indoor temperatures are acceptable)
• Many times the building has been partly rebuilt in the recent past, hence improving insulation is possible (especially roofs). Pilot projects might be propose d
• Manpower in historical buildings have to be high quality. Possibility to increase the quality of bui lders
OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS OF RESEARCH 2/2
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• In historical buildings new solutions are necessary and hence can be developed
• Need of soft heating and cooling technologies and philosophy (natural ventilation or mixed mode)
• Dissemination of best practices
• And more …..
OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS OF RESEARCH 2/2
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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Michele De Carli
