6.8A: Potential and Kinetic Energy Force, Motion, and Energy

TEKS UNWRAPPED The student knows force and motion are related to potential and kinetic energy. The

student is expected to:

Compare and contrast potential and kinetic energy (Supporting Standard, NEW

TOPIC)

Prior Knowledge/TEKS 4.6A: Differentiate among forms of energy including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and

heat/ thermal. 5.6A: Explore the uses of energy including mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, and sound

energy.

Key Concepts • Potential energy is energy that is stored in a system.

• Kinetic energy is energy of a moving object.

• Energy can be transformed from potential energy to kinetic energy. Kinetic energy can

be transformed into potential energy. • Energy can be transformed, but not created or destroyed.

Fundamental Questions • How is energy converted from one from to another?

• How is potential energy different from kinetic energy?

• How is potential energy similar to kinetic energy?

• How is potential energy converted into kinetic energy?

4)2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

6.8A: Potential and Kinetic Energy Force, Motion, and Energy

TEKS UNWRAPPED

Dissecting TEKS Nouns

potential energy kinetic energy

Dissecting TEKS Verbs

Compare I. To represent as similar 2. To examine the character or qualities of especially in order to discover resemblances

or differences

Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis

Bloom's Revised: Analyze

Prompts at the ANALYZE level include:

Discriminate, Classify, Dissect, Sort, Take apart, Categorize, Distinguish, Differentiate,

Organize, Attribute

How will your students ANALYZE the concepts in 6.8A TEKS?

Examples of prompts for this level of content knowledge include:

• Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy.

• Categorize each example as potential or kinetic energy.

Definition Source: Merriam Webster Dictionary

3 012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

8th Grade Math 6.8A

Name

Class/Grade

Date

Directions: The diagram below shows a ball rolling down a hill. Use the diagram and your knowledge of science to answer any questions that follow.

-\J A

B

C

D

1 Expectation: 6.8(A)

The ball in Box C possesses —

A less potential energy than the ball in Box B.

B less kinetic energy than the ball in Box D.

C no kinetic energy.

D more potential energy than the ball in Box A.

2 Expectation: 6.8(A)

The ball at rest at the top of the hill in Box A possesses —

F some potential energy and some kinetic energy.

G neither potential nor kinetic energy.

H potential energy but not kinetic energy.

3 kinetic energy but not potential energy.

©1999-2012 Progress Testing Page 1

8th Grade Math 6.8A

3 Expectation: 6.8(A)

The ball at rest in Box D possesses —

A more potential energy than the ball in Box A.

B more kinetic energy than the ball in Box C.

C the same amount of kinetic energy as the ball in Box A.

D the same amount of potential energy as the ball in Box B.

4 Expectation: 6.8(A)

The ball in Box B possesses —

F more kinetic energy than the ball in Box C.

G more kinetic energy than the ball in Box D.

H no kinetic energy.

3 less kinetic energy than the ball in Box A.

©1999-2012 Progress Testing Page 2

8th Grade Math 6.8A

5 Expectation: 6.8(A)

The picture below shows a pair of maracas at rest.

The maracas possess —

A both kinetic and potential energy.

B kinetic energy and no potential energy.

C potential energy and no kinetic energy.

D neither kinetic nor potential energy.

©1999-2012 Progress Testing Page 3

8th Grade Math 6.8A

Directions: The diagram below shows a roller coaster car and a roller coaster track. Use the diagram and your knowledge of science to answer any questions that follow.

A

6 Expectation: 6.8(A)

At which point would a roller coaster car have the most kinetic energy?

F Point A

G Point B

H Point C

J Point D

7 Expectation: 6.8(A)

At which point would a roller coaster car have the most potential energy?

A Point A

B Point B

C Point C

D Point D

©1999-2012 Progress Testing Page 4

8th Grade Math 6.8A

8 Expectation: 6.8(A)

At which point would a roller coaster car have the least potential energy?

F Point A

G Point B

H Point C

J Point D

9 Expectation: 6.8(A)

Kinetic and potential energy are both measures of the amount of —

A time an object can exist.

B density an object can have.

C mass an object can have.

D work an object can do.

10 Expectation: 6.8(A)

An object's potential energy is determined by the object's mass and its height above the ground. An object's kinetic energy is determined by the object's mass and its —

F potential energy.

G magnetism.

H speed.

J volume.

©1999-2012 Progress Testing Page 5

8th Grade Math 6.8A

11 Expectation: 6.8(A)

Unlike potential energy, kinetic energy CANNOT —

A be carried by electrons moving through a wire.

B be heard as sound waves.

C travel in light waves.

D be stored in atomic bonds.

12 Expectation: 6.8(A)

Both the kinetic and potential energy of an object can be —

F measured in pounds.

G understood as the product of an object's mass and volume.

H recognized as forms of spent energy.

3 calculated using mathematical formulas.

13 Expectation: 6.8(A)

Potential energy cannot be transferred from one moving object to another. Kinetic energy —

A can only be transferred from one moving object to another if the two objects are equal in mass.

B can only be transferred from one moving object to another if the two objects are equal in size.

C can be transferred from one moving object to another.

D also cannot be transferred from one moving object to another.

©1999-2012 Progress Testing Page 6

8th Grade Math 6.8A

14 Expectation: 6.8(A)

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its —

F inertia.

G height.

H motion.

3 temperature.

15 Expectation: 6.8(A)

Unlike potential energy, kinetic energy —

A increases as an object moves faster.

B remains constant as an object moves faster.

C decreases as an object moves faster.

D cannot exist as an object moves faster.

16 Expectation: 6.8(A)

Potential energy is measured in joules. Kinetic energy is —

F measured in joules.

G measured in degrees.

H measured in meters.

3 measured in seconds.

©1999-2012 Progress Testing Page 7

8th Grade Math 6.8A

Name

Class/Grade

Date

DIRECTIONS FOR MARKING ANSWER SHEET Use a #2 pencil only. Do NOT use ink or ballpoint pens. Make heavy black marks that fill the ovals completely. Erase clearly any answer you wish to change. Make no stray marks on the answer sheet.

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©1999-2012 Progress Testing

8th Grade Math 6.8A

Instructions to read aloud to your students.

When you decide what the answer to a question is, mark your answer on your answer sheet. To do so, find the row of circles with the same number as the question. Then darken in the circle with the same letter as the answer you chose. If you don't know the answer to a question, skip it. You may return to it later if you have time. If you finish the test early, you should go back and check over your work. Do NOT fold your answer sheet or make any stray marks.

When marking your answer sheet:

1. Make a heavy mark. The mark should be large enough to fill the circle, but it should not go outside too much. Do not waste time making very neat marks. It is more important to make very dark marks. Be sure to use a #2 pencil. 2. Be sure that your mark for every question is placed in the row with the same number as that question. 3. Make only ONE mark in a row. If you change your mind about an answer, erase your first mark as completely as you can.

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Name Date

6.8.A

STANDARD PRACTICE 1 Lynn is investigating the gravitational potential energy of objects. She wants to

increase the gravitational potential energy of a box sitting on a table. What should she do?

A Drop the box on the floor.

B Slide the box across the table.

C Place the box on a high shelf.

D Lower the box to the chair near the table.

2 What is the relationship between speed and kinetic energy?

A Kinetic energy is not affected by speed.

B Kinetic energy increases as speed increases.

C Kinetic energy decreases as speed increases.

D Kinetic energy changes to potential energy as speed increases.

3 Which statement best compares kinetic energy and potential energy?

A Potential energy is stored energy. Kinetic energy is energy of motion.

B Potential energy is not related to work. Kinetic energy is related to work.

C Potential energy is affected by gravity. Kinetic energy is not affected by gravity.

D Potential energy depends partly on speed. Kinetic energy depends partly on weight.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

103

Texas Assessment Review and Practice

6.8A: Potential and Kinetic Energy Force, Motion, and Energy

Name:

Date: Per:

PRE-ASSESSMENT

1 A book is sitting on a table. Which of the following actions would add to its potential energy?

A Sliding it across the table

B Opening it to the middle

C Dropping it on the floor

D Lifting it to a high shelf

2 Which of the following examples best demonstrates kinetic energy?

A A brick lying on the ground

B A kite flying across the sky

C A television sitting on a table

D A curtain hanging in the window

0 2013 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

6.8A: Potential and Kinetic Energy

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Force, Motion, and Energy

3 An airplane is demonstrating a conversion of kinetic to potential energy when -

A it ascends to a higher altitude.

B more passengers board the plane.

C it moves downward to make a landing.

D the wheels spin as it moves on the ground.

0.,

© 2013 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

6.8A: Potential and Kinetic Energy

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Force, Motion, and Energy

4 At which positions of the pendulum would have the most potential energy?

A 1 and 2

B 2 and 3

C 1 and 5

D 4 and 5

vPA4 i > © 2013 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

6.8A: Potential and Kinetic Energy

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Force, Motion, and Energy

5 A snowball sits at the top of the hill. Which of the following changes will increase the kinetic energy of the snowball?

A Additional snow falls on the snowball, increasing its mass

B The snowball is pushed and rolls down the hill, gaining speed

C The weather warms and the snowball melts, decreasing its mass

D The snowball is moved and now sits on a hill that is higher

© 2013 Rice University - All Rights Reserved 16."

Name: Date:

Potential and Kinetic Energy

1. Holding a marble at the top of a ramp: Potential Kinetic

2. A slinky moving down a set of stairs: Potential Kinetic

3. A boy standing on top of a slide: Potential Kinetic

4. Dominos standing up on the floor: Potential Kinetic

5. A girl sliding down a slide: Potential Kinetic

6. A marble rolling down a ramp: Potential Kinetic

7. Dominos falling in a line: Potential Kinetic

8. A car parked in a garage: Potential Kinetic

9. A ball being thrown on a playground: Potential Kinetic

10. A school bus leaving the school: Potential Kinetic

Definitions:

1. energy is energy that is stored and waiting to be used.

2. energy is energy in motion.

NAME:

CLASS PERIOD: DATE

UNIT 1 - ENERGY SECTION 1 - ENERGEIA

KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY

Background Information Energy can be in one of two states: potential or kinetic. Energy can be transferred from potential to kinetic and between objects.

Potential energy is stored energy—energy ready to go. A lawn mower filled with gasoline, a car on top of a hill, and students waiting to go home from school are all examples of potential energy. Water stored behind a dam at a hydroelectric plant has potential energy.

Most of the energy under our control is in the form of potential energy. Potential energy can be viewed as motion waiting to happen. When the motion is needed, potential energy can be changed into one of the six forms of kinetic energy.

Kinetic energy is energy at work. A lawn mower cutting grass, a car racing down a hill, and students running home from school are examples of kinetic energy. So is the light energy emitted by lamps. Even electrical energy is kinetic energy. Whenever we use energy to do work, it is in the kinetic state.

In this investigation we will explore the effect that the height of a ramp and the mass of an object have on potential energy and kinetic energy.

Problem: pl in problem):

Hypothesis As the height of a ramp increases, potential and kinetic energy will

As mass increases, potential and kinetic energy will

Energeia • 72

1 "I 1 ENERGEIA

NAME CLASS PERIOD: DATE

KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY INVESTIGATION CONT.

Materials 3 balls (same size, different mass) ramp (a piece of plywood will do) meter stick 3 pieces of 4" x 4" wood balance stop watch

Procedure 1. Weigh each ball on the balance to determine its mass (in grams). Record the mass on the

data table. 2. Draw a starting line one inch down from the top of the plywood. 3. Place one block of wood under the end of the plywood to make a ramp. Measure the

height of the ramp (in centimeters) and record the height on the data table. 4. Place one of the balls on the starting line. 5. Release the ball and start the stop watch. 6. When the ball has used all its energy, i.e., when it comes to a complete stop, record the time. 7. Measure and record the distance (in meters) that the ball traveled. 8. Repeat steps 4-7 with the other two balls. 9. Place one additional block under the end of the plywood. Measure the new height of the

ramp and record it on the data table. 10. Repeat steps 4-7 with each of the three balls. 11. Using the third block of wood, raise the plywood ramp still higher. Measure the new height

and record it on the data table. 12. Repeat steps 4-7 with each ball.

73 • Energeia

Height of ramp (cm) Distance (m) Time (sec) Mass

Ball 1

Ball 2

Ball 3

NAME:

CLASS PERIOD: DATE:

KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY INVESTIGATION CONT.

Observations

Distance (m)

Heig

ht o

f the

ram

p (c

m)

Energeia - 74

NAME: CLASS PERIOD: DATE:

ENERGEIA KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY INVESTIGATION CONT.

Conclusion 1. When in this investigation did each ball have potential energy?

2. When did each ball have kinetic energy?

3. What is the relationship between mass and energy (potential and kinetic)?

4. What is the relationship between height and energy (potential and kinetic)?

5. What evidence do you have that supports your hypothesis?

6. The velocity of an object (V) is calculated by dividing the distance (d) traveled by time (t).

Using the formula V= d/t, Calculate the velocity of each ball travelling down the ramp elevated with one block of wood.

The velocity of ball 1 is ball 2 ball 3

What is the relationship between the mass of the balls and their velocity?

Application 1. As the mass of the ball and the height of the ramp increased, did the balls speed up or slow

down? Why/Why not?

75 - Energeia

NAME

aAss PERIOD: DATE

KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY INVESTIGATION CONT.

2. When a car is going downhill, the driver must apply more pressure on the brakes to stop than if the car were on level ground. Why?

3. Why is it harder to stop a four-person bobsled than a three-person bobsled?

4. Predict what would happen if you strung a spool on a piece of string and held each end of the string tightly over the bottom end of the ramp, so that the ball barely touched the spool as the ball rolled off the ramp.

5. Predict how the mass of the balls and the height of the ramp would affect the experiment in question #4.

Going Further 1. Kinetic energy (KE) is equal to one-half the product of the mass (m) of a body and the square

of its velocity (v), KE = mv2/2. Calculate the kinetic energy of each ball travelling down the ramp elevated with one block of wood.

Ball 1 Ball 2 Ball 3

Energeia • 76