Subject:- Building ConstructionSubject Code:- 2130607Guided By:- Prof. Nilesh Rathod

Name Enrollment No:-Gandhi Harshil R. 141100106018Deshmukh Bhavik H. 15DTOD002Kotila Jayveer V. 15DTOD007Mistry Aditya P. 15DTOD008Pandya Dhrumil D. 15DTOD009Gain Yogesh 15DTOD004

-:Topic:- Temporary

Works

Content:-IntroductionTimbering TrenchesScaffoldingShoringUnderpinning

What are temporary works?Any temporary Construction necessary to

assist the execution of the permanent works and which will be removed (sometimes not) from the site on completion.

Examples:-• Scaffolding• Timbering in trenches• Shoring• Underpinning

Timbering in Trenches

• When the depth of trench is large or when the sub-soil is loose ,the sides of trench may cave in.

• The problem can by adopting a suitable method of timbering

• Timber of trenches ,sometime also known as ‘shoring’ consists of providing timber planks or boards and struts to give temporary support to the sides of the trench.

Various methods of timbering:- Stay bracing Box sheeting Vertical sheeting Runners system Sheet piling

1. Stay bracing

When the trench soil is firm and the depth of excavation does not exceed 2.0 meters, this method is used for supporting the sides of a trench.

2. Box SheetingThis Method is used when excavation is to be

carried out in loose soil and when the depth of excavation does not exceed 4 meters.

3. Vertical Sheeting This method is adopted for

deep trenches (up to 10 m depth) in soft ground.

This method is similar to box sheeting except that the the excavation is carried out in stages and at the end of each stage an offset is provided.

4. RunnersIn case of extremely loose

and soft ground runner system is provided.

The system is similar to Vertical sheeting. Except that in place of vertical sheeting runners are provided.

5. Sheet pilingSheet piles are designed to resist lateral

earth pressure.

These are driven in the ground by mechanical means (pile driving equipments).

This method is adopted when, Soil to be excavated is loose or soft. Width of trench is large. Depth of excavation is large. Sub soil water is present.

ScaffoldingWhat is scaffolding?

Scaffolding, also called staging, is a temporary structure used to support people or material and material in the construction or repair of buildings and other structures.

Types of scaffoldingSingle scaffoldingDouble scaffoldingNeedle ScaffoldingTrestle ScaffoldingSuspended ScaffoldingSteel ScaffoldingPatented Scaffolding

1. Single Scaffolding

This is the most common type scaffolding and is widely used in the construction or brickwork.

It consists a single row of standards placed at a distance about 1.20 m from the wall.

Standards are placed at 2 to 2.5 m interval.

2. Double Scaffolding

This scaffolding is stronger than the single scaffolding.

It is used in the construction of stonework.

3. Needle ScaffoldingGround is weak to support the

standards.Construction of upper part of

the wall is to be carried out.It is required to keep the

ground near wall, free for traffic, etc.

4. Trestle Scaffolding

In this type of scaffolding, the working platform is supported on movable contrivances such as ladders, tripods etc. mounted on wheel.

This type of scaffolding is used for painting or pointing.

5. Suspended Scaffolding

This is a light weight scaffolding used for repair works such as painting, pointing, etc.

The working platform is suspended from roofs by means of ropes or chains etc.

The platform can be raised or lowered at any desired level.

ShoringWhat is Shoring?

Shoring is the construction of temporary structure to support temporarily an unsafe structure.

Types of shoring:-Raking ShoresFlying ShoresDead Shores

1. Raking ShoresThis is a system of giving

temporary support to an unsafe wall.

• The construction of raking shores ,varies with the Condition at site.

• In this method inclined members called rakers areused to give lateral supportto the wall.

2. Flying Shores

Single Flying Shore

Double Flying Shore

In this type of shoring horizontal supportsare provided for supporting temporarily the parallel walls of the two adjacent building which may tend to collapse or damage.

• If the walls are quite near to each other (up to 9 m) single flying shore can be constructed.

• When the distance between two parallel walls is more than 9 m a double shore can be constructed.

3. Dead ShoresUse of dead shores in

rebuilding or deepeningof foundation, or forremoval of lower partof defective wall.

UnderpinningWhat is underpinning?

The term underpinning is applied to the construction of a new foundation underneath the existing one for strengthening purposes.

Types of underpinningPit MethodPile Method

1. Pit MethodIn this method existing wall

over the foundations divided into various sections, generally 1.2 to 1.5 m in length.

• Holes are than made at adequate height in the existing wall.

• In these holes steel needle beams with bearing plates are inserted and supported on either side of theby means of crib supports.

2. Pile MethodIn this method, piles are

driven at regular interval along both the sides of the wall.

• The piles are connected by concrete or steel needles, penetrating through the wall.

• This method is very much useful in clayey soils, and in water logged areas.