Teori komunikasi

Anne SuryaniDani VardiansyahNovita Damayanti

Universitas Multimedia Nusantara2010

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Theory• Theory: a set of systematic, informed hunches about

the way things work (Griffin, 2009, p.4)

... educated guesses ...an integrated system ...multiple ideas & relationships between them

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Images of Theory

Theories as Nets

Theories as Lenses

Theories as Maps

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Communication

“The relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response” (Griffin, 2009, p. 6)

Characteristics Messages Creation of messages Interpretation of messages A relational process Messages that elicit a response

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Different perspectives• Griffin, 2009, pp. 14-15

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Objective approach Interpretive approach

Truth is singular and is accessible through unbiased sensory observation

Multiple meanings or truths are possible

• Epistemology: the study of the origin, nature, method and limits of knowledge

• Determinism vs free will • Purpose of theory– Universal law vs interpretive guides

• Research methodology– Qualitative vs quantitative

•

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Some common contrasts between quantitative and qualitative research (Bryman, 2008, p. 393)

Quantitative Qualitative

Numbers Words

Point of view of researcher Points of view of participants

Researcher distant Researcher close

Theory testing Theory emergent

Static Process

Structured Unstructured

Generalization Contextual understanding

Hard, reliable data Rich, deep data

Macro Micro

Behaviour Meaning

Artificial settings Natural settings

Some similarities between quantitative and qualitative research (Bryman, 2008, p. 394-395)

Both are concerned with...• data reduction• answering research questions• relating data analysis to the research

literature• variation• the importance of transparency

Popular research methods in communication studies

Experiment ... manipulates a variable in a tightly controlled situation in order to find out if it has the predicted effect

Surveys... uses questionnaires and interviews to collect self-reported data that reflects what respondent think, feel, or intend to do

Textual analysis ... describes and interprets the characteristics of any text.

Ethnography... participant observation designed to help a researcher experience a culture’s complex web of meaning

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Mapping the theories1. Interpersonal Communication

Objective Interpretive

Symbolic Interactionism OCoordinated Management of Meaning

O

Expectancy Violations Theory OConstructionism OSocial Penetration Theory OUncertainty Reduction Theory OSocial Information Processing Theory ORelational Dialectics OThe Interactional View OSocial Judgement Theory OElaboration Likelihood Model OCognitive Dissonance Theory O 10

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Mapping the theories2. Group and Public Communication

Objective Interpretive

Functional Perspective on Group Decision Making

O

Adaptive Structuration Theory OSymbolic Convergence Theory OCultural Approach OCritical Theory of Communication OThe Rethoric ODramatism ONarrative Paradigm O

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Mapping the theories3. Mass Communication

Objective Interpretive

Media Ecology OSemiotics OCultural Studies OCultivation Theory OAgenda-Setting OSpiral of Silence O

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Mapping the theories4. Cultural Context

Objective Interpretive

Communication Accommodation Theory

O

Face-Negotiation Theory OSpeech Codes Theory OGenderlect Styles OStandpoint Theory OMuted Group Theory O

Summary

• Theory• Communication• Objective vs interpretive approach• Popular communication research methods• Reference: Griffin, 2009; Bryman, 2008

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