Tesis Tomas Espinoza

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA

ESCUELA ACADEMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERAMECNICA

TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACION PARA OPTAR EL

TITULO DE INGENIERO MECANICO

TTULO: EFECTO DEL CARBURIZADO, TEMPLE Y

REVENIDO DE UN ACERO SAE 1045

SOLDADO CON UTP !0 SOBRE SU

RESISTENCIA AL IMPACTO Y DUREZA EN LA

ZONA SOLDADA"

AUTOR: BAC#$ TOMS ENRI%UE ESPINOZA CERNA

ASESOR : Mg. SEGUNDO SEIJAS VELASQUEZ

TRUJILLO PER

2006


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INTRODUCCION

El coso !" #$ %&"'(&l "s #$ )&'*%"'o %#+ (%)o'&$" ,#" s" !"-"

co$s(!"'&' &l s"l"cc(o$&' #$ %&"'(&l. El o-"(/o !"l ($g"$("'o "s

!(s"&' + "l&-o'&' )'o!#cos ,#" 1#$c(o$"$ !" %&$"'& &!"c#&!&

!#'&$" l& o&l(!&! !" s# /(!& !" !(s"o & #$ coso &c")&-l".

Los %&"'(&l"s '&-&&$ & !(1"'"$"s sol(c(&c(o$"s s("$!o %#c3&s l&s

)'o)("!&!"s !" "sos + ,#" l& %&+o'4& !" "ll&s so$ c#&$(1(c&-l"s +

,#" s" !"-" co$s(!"'&'& "$ #$ !""'%($&!o )'oc"so.

E$ l& 1&-'(c&c(5$ !" &7c&' & )&'(' !" l& c&& s" )'"s"$& l& s(g#("$"

s"c#"$c(& !" 1&-'(c&c(5$:

S#%($(s'o + !"sc&'g& !" c&&

L&/&!o + "/&)o'&c(5$

Mol("$!&

8l&'(1(c&c(5$ + c&l"$&%("$o

E/&)o'&c(5$

8'(s&l(&c(5$

8"$'(1#g&c(5$

E$/&s&!o &l%&c"$&%("$o + !"s)&c3o

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3/48

L& %ol("$!& !" l& c&& !" &7c&' "s '(#'&!& "$ #$ '&)(c3" ()o

9#lo$ !o$!" s" "'&" "l #go !" c&& + l& %&s& !" c&& '(#'&!& s"

co$/("'" "$ -&g&o co$ #$ co$"$(!o !" 1(-'& !"l ;0!4&.

A$"s !" ($g'"s&' l& c&& &l '&)(c3" "s )'"/(&%"$" 'o&!& "$ los

%ol($os !" %&c3""s los c#&l"s ("$"$ co%o o-"(/o )'($c()&l

)'")&'&' o &co$!(c(o$&' "l &%&o !" l& c&'g& )&'& s# !"s1(-'&!o +

%ol("$!& "$ "l '&)(c3" s($ "%-&'go s" )'"s"$& #$ )'o-l"%& s"'(o "$

"l )'oc"so !"l "'&cc(5$ c#&$!o los %&c3""s $o co'&$ o s" 1'&c#'&$

!#'&$" l& o)"'&c(5$ lo ,#" )'o!#c" #$ g'&$ )'o-l"%& !" !"s-&l&$c"

,#" "$ /&'(&s o)o'#$(!&!"s )'o!#c" l& o's(5$ !"l "" )o'& %&c3""s

!"l %ol($o.

El co'" o 'o&!o !" l& c&& $o "s &!"c#&!& !"-(!o & l& )?'!(!& !"

1(lo ,#" '&" co%o '"s#l&!o ,#" l& c&'g& ($g'"s" s($ co'&'

)'o!#c("$!o &o'&%("$os "$ los %ol($os ,#" "s cs& !"

)&'&l(&c(o$"s !"l )'oc"so + )o' lo &$o !(s%($#c(5$ !" l& c&)&c(!&!

!" )'o!#cc(5$ ($cl#+"$!o )"'!(!&s !" s&c&'os& !"l o'!"$ !"l ;0 %%B

@000

ol A

ol #s($g 1(ll"' -locs.

8o$c&/"

M&"'(&l !" '"s)&l!o "$ 1o'%& !" %&s(ll&

)&'& "l '"s)&l!o !" l&s )l&c&s !" !"sg&s" "$

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32/48

o!o ()o !" Mol($os s($ $"c"s(!&! !" !"s%&$"l&' "l ",#()o +>o

!"sc&'g&' "l %&"'(&l !" c3&$c&!o. s"lo )&'& '"s)&l!&' l&s

)l&c&s !" !"sg&s" '"ll"$&' los "s)&c(os "$'" )l&c&s "l

!(&1'&g%& + &s"g#'&' los )"'$os !" l&s )l&c&s. El )'o!#co

so-'&$" )#"!" s"' #s&!o "$ &)l(c&c(o$"s 1##'&s.

No'!-& Loc($g 8o%)o#$!. 2GLNS LO8HH.F@

9(& "l -#s3($g I($$"' + O#"' "c?$'(co "$ 83&$c&!o'&s

85$(c&s S+%o$s. S(s"%& !" &l& '"s(s"$c(& &l (%)&co +

'&-&& 3&s& @0Fo8. Es 1*c(l !" #s&' &3o''&$!o ("%)o + !($"'o

"$ l& ($s&l&c(5$ !"l -#s3($g. S" '",#("'" !" #$ ( )&'& &%&os

!" =.= )("s + 2 (s )&'& %&+o'"s !" =.= )("s.

No'!-& &c($g G'o#($g = GLN LO8H0.F=G

S(s"%& ")5(co '"1o'&!o co$ &g'"g&!os !(s"&!o )&'&

/"'('s" "$ )'o1#$!(!&!"s 3&s& 6 !" "s)"so' ($cl#+"$!o

&)l(c&c(o$"s o$(/"l&$"s -&o '("l"s + )l&c&s !" &)o+o. Es"

%&"'(&l !" g'&$ 1#"'& s" #$" -("$ &l &c"'o co$c'"o + &s4

%(s%o. So)o'& c&'g&s !" o',#" &lo.

P&'& &$cl&" !" ",#()os l(/(&$os o )"s&!os.

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A7=


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L#-'(c&$"s + g'&s&

9oo! G'&!" G'"&s". @;.= OZ LO8=@@.6

G'&s& -l&$c& !" g'&!o &l(%"$(c(o !" "'"%& )'"s(5$ +

"'"%&!&%"$" 1($& )&'& )'"s(o$"s "'"%&s ,#" )'o"g" $

!"s)#?s !"l l&/&!o co$ 1l#o !" &g#& o /&)o' #s&!o "$ "%)"''&s

"$'" 2HX8 + 2C2X8. Us"lo )&'&:

L#-'(c&c(5$: Us&' )&'& o!os los )#$os !" l#-'(c&c(5$ co$

g'&s& "$ %&,#($&'(& co$ co$1(g#'&c(o$"s 'o!&$"s +

!"sl(&$"s -ol&s 'o!(llos &g#&s "sco-(ll&s l"/&s

!"sl(&$"s "c.

Ec"l"$" '"s(s"$c(& &l &g#&: '"s(s" l&/&!os !" &g#& l&/&!o &

/&)o' "c.

L#-'(c&$" g'&s& )&'& ",#()os "$ )l&$&s )'oc"s&!o'&s !"

&l(%"$os.

Ro!&%("$os !" -ol&s c&$&l"s "$g'&$&"s g#(&s 'o!&%("$os

!" &g#&s 'o!&%("$os !" -ol&s )#$os !" l#-'(c&c(5$ #$&s

%5/(l"s )(/o&$"s

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To!& o$& !" l#-'(c&c(5$ co$ g'&s& !"$'o + &l'"!"!o' !"

",#()os !" )'oc"so + "$/&s&!o.

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CAPITULO II

MATERIAL Y METODOS

&$% %2

R"s(s"$c(& & l& '&cc(5$: 6= g>% %2

Al&'g&%("$o: @=< %4$(%o L=!B

8o$'&cc(5$: C=< %4$(%oB

D#'"& @HC K

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I7+=/-7.+ @3/3 +823/

Es" "l"c'o!o s" #(l(& )'($c()&l%"$" )&'& '"/"s(%("$o !"

#$& c&)&. Al "1"c#&' c&)&s %7l()l"s s" '"co%("$!& #$& c&)&

!" colc35$ co$ UTP 6C0 o 62 )&'& %"$&' l& '"s(s"$c(& &l

(%)&colog'*$!os" "$o$c"s l& !#'"& 1($&l 3&s& sol&%"$" "l

"'c"' co'!5$.

U(l(&' "cl#s(/&%"$" "l"c'o!os s"cos. S( 1#"'& $"c"s&'(o

s"c&' los "l"c'o!os !#'&$" 2 C 3o'&s & #$& "%)"''& "$'"

2=0 C00 8.

L(%)(&' l& o$& )o' sol!&'. E$ c#&$o & %&"'(&l"s -&s"

s"$s(-l"s &l &g'("&%("$o s" '"co%("$!& #$ )'"c&l"$&%("$o

!" 2=0 C008. El "$1'(&%("$o !"s)#?s !" l& sol!&!#'& !"-"'*

"1"c#&'s" l"$&%"$".

8o$ '"s)"co & los &c"'os&l M$ l& "%)"''& !"l %&"'(&l

-&s" $o !"-" %"$&'s" s(g$(1(c&(/&%"$" "s !"c(' !"-" "s&'

lo %*s -&o )os(-l" !#'&$" l& sol!&!#'&.

T()o !" co''("$": 88 YB > 8A

Electrodos mmpulg 3,21! ",#$32 $,#31% %,#1"

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PROPIEDADESMECANICAS DELACERO SAE 1045

RESITENCIAAL IMPACTO

DUREZA

TIEMPO DECARBURIZADO

TEMPERATURADE REVENIDO

Lo&g'tud mm 3$# "$# "$# "$#

Amper()e A *# +12#

13# +

1%#

1# +

21#

21# +

2$#

$& E-@ M3=./38.+

E,#()o )&'& "$s&+o !" (%)&co %&'($""

)"$!#l&'B )&'& )'o-"&s '&$#'&!&s.

A)&'&o )&'& !""'%($&' l& !#'"&: D#'5%"'o

K"c"' 220VGA

Ko'$o '"1'&c&'(o co$ so)l"" !" o4g"$o&c"(l"$o

M(c'osco)(o 5)(co. NEOPKOT 2@

T"$&&s g#&$"s !" &s-"so

M*,#($& !" sol!&' Ko&' 2HA !" &'co %&$#&l.

P'o-"&s )&'& "$s&+os !" !#'"& !" &c#"'!o & l&

$o'%& ASTM E@0

')

CARBURIZADO

TEMPLE

REVENIDO

ACERO SAE 1045SOLDADO CON UTP !0


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9(g#'& @ D(&g'&%& !"l ")"'(%"$o )&'& "/&l#&' L& '"s(s"$c(& &l(%)&co + !#'"& !"l &c"'o SAE @0;= co$ '"/"s(%("$o!" sol!&!#'& UTP 6F0

$'$ M=2

T73+ . 7+=/-.7=+ -38=3=>+ -37==3=>+

El %?o!o & #s&' )&'& l& '"col"cc(5$ !" !&os s" "$!'* "$

c#"$& l& /&'(&-l" ($!")"$!("$": I$c'"%"$o !" l& !#'"&

I$c'"%"$o !" l& '"s(s"$c(& &l (%)&co

El )'oc"!(%("$o s"'* ll"/&!o & c&-o & $(/"l !"

l&-o'&o'(o "%)l"&$!o #$ 3o'$o ")"'(%"$&l !" so)l""

o(&c"(l"$(co.

V&'(&-l"s ($!")"$!("$"s: T("%)o !" c&'-#'(&!o

T"%)"''& !" '"/"$(!o

V&'(&-l"s !")"$!("$"s: R"s(s"$c(& &l (%)&co

D#'"&

!$ PROCEDIMIENTO

S" )'")&'& l& )'o-"& "s(go "%)l"&$!o )l&$c3& !" @ !"

"s)"so' !" &c#"'!o & $o'%& ASTM E@0 )&'& l#"go "1"c#&' #$

co'!5$ !" sol!&!#'& UTP 6F0 s" %&,#($& + s" !""'%($& s#

!#'"& %#"s'& "s(goB.

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S" )'")&'&$ l&s )'o-"&s )&'& '&&'l&s ?'%(c&%"$" !"s)#?s !"

"1"c#&' "l co'!5$ !" sol!&!#'& )&'& "$s"g#(!& )'oc"!"' &l

c&'-#'(&!o "%)l"&$!o &c"(l"$o & l& "%)"''& !" =08 !"

($%"!(&o s" )'oc"!" &l "%)l" "%)l"&$!o &c"(" + )o' 7l(%o

s" "1"c7& "l '"/"$(!o "%)l"&$!o !(1"'"$"s "%)"''&s !"s!"

los @=08 3&s& los =008 co$1"cc(o$&$!o #$& g'*1(c& !" !#'"&

+ "$&c(!&! & 1($ !" o-"$"' #$ /&lo' 5)(%o "$'" &%-&s

)'o)("!&!"s. L& o$& !" ($"'?s !"-"'* "s&' "$'" los 2=0 8 +

&''(-& !" los ;008 )&'& o-"$"' #$& &l& "$&c(!&! + )o' lo

&$o %&+o' '"s(s"$c(& &l (%)&co.

8o$ los !&os ")"'(%"$&l"s o-"$(!os s" )'oc"!" & l&

co$s'#cc(5$ !" g'&1(c&s ,#" %#"s'"$ "l "1"co !"l ("%)o !"

c&'-#'(&!o + "%)"''& !" '"/"$(!o "$ l& '"s(s"$c(& &l

(%)&co + !#'"& !"l %&"'(&l !""'%($&$!o los )&'*%"'os

5)(%os !" '&&%("$o.

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($ REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS

S8232-/3 2.37=.7.7=

T/3=3.7==./-3/9-/32H

T/3=3.7==/: T.@8.

R.>.72

P/9.=3+ T.+=?

S8232-/3 2.37=.7.7=

E>38-367 2. 2-/.3 . @3=

P3/.=/+ 6@=+ 2.=/3=3.7=

P/9.=3+ 3.7+33/

F?-/3 & P'oc"!(%("$o !" ""c#c(5$ !" "$s&+os ")"'(%"$&l"s

)&'& !""'%($&' los )&'*%"'os 5)(%os !" '&&%("$o"'%o,#4%(co !"l &c"'o SAE @0;= '"/"s(!o !" sol!&!#'&

UTP 6F0

4&


43/48

@. ASTM E. S&$!&'! "s %"3o! 1o' %"&s#'"%"$ o1 1'&c#'"

o#g3$"ss . A$$#&l oo o1 ASTM. C@B. @20HH

2. ASTM E .@HH=. S&$!&'! "s %"3o! 1o' !""'%($($g JR c#'/"s

A$$#&l oo o1 ASTM. Vol.CB @@=2F

C. ESIS P2H2. @HH2.ESIS )'oc"!#'" 1o' !""'%($($g 3" 1'&c#'"

-"3&/(o#' o1 %&"'(&ls E#'o)"&$ S'#c#'&l I$"g'(+ Soc("+.

;. V"!(& L.@H6 M"c*$(c& !" 9'&c#'&. A'g"$($&.

=. ASTM E. @HH=. S&$!&'! "s %"3o! 1o' c'&c() o)($g

!(s)l&c"%"$ 8TODB 1'&c#'" o#g3$"ss %"&s#'"%"$ A$$#&l

oo o1 ASTM. C@B. @2H0F

6. "g$"' L.D. + L.J. G(-so$.200@. T3" 1'&c#'" o#g3$"ss

-"3&/(o#' o1 ($"')"$"'&($g )3&s" co%)os("s I$"'$&(o$&l

Jo#'$&l o1 M"c3&$(c&l Sc("$c"s N ;C.

F. ASTM E @CF.@HH=.S&$!&'! "s %"3o! 1o' Jc. M"&s#'" o1

1'&c#'" o#g3$"ss A$$#&l oo o1 ASTM. Vol C.

. No'o$R. @HHH. D(s"o !" M*,#($&s . E!(. P'"$(c" K&ll.

M?(co .

H. 8&ll(s"' . 8("$c(& " I$g"$("'4& !" los M&"'(&l"s E!(o'(&l

R"/"'" 2!&. E!(c(5$. To%o I #"$os A('"s @HH=.

4'


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@0. I)o3o's( M + R. J. Ac#$&.@H. 9'&cog'&14& &)l(c&c(o$"s &l

&$*l(s(s !" 1&ll&s I$1o'%" !" l& 8o%(s(5$ N&c(o$&l !" E$"'g4&

A5%(c& R")#-l(c& !" A'g"$($& #"$os A('"s.

@@. M&3"s9 + R.D.R&l($gs.@HH;. 8o%)os(" %&"'(&ls

"$g($""'($g &$! sc("$c" I%)"'(&l 8oll"g" o1 sc("$c" T"c3$olog+

&$! M"!(c($" Lo$!o$ U.

@2. ASTM E MHF S&$!&'! "s %"3o! 1o' "$s(o$ "s($g o1

%"&ll(c %&"'(&ls A$$#&l oo o1 ASTM Vol. CB.

@C. J&/" E.2000. E9E8TO DE LA TEMPERATURA DE

REVENIDO SORE LA RESISTEN8IA AL DESAGASTE

ADKESIVO SE8O DUREZA DEL A8ERO AISIDC. T"s(s

)&'& o)&' "l T(#lo P'o1"s(o$&l !" I$g"$("'o M"c*$(co T'#(llo

P"'7.

@;.U'"c3o 8 + G. V(!&l .200@. IN9LUEN8IA DE LA

INTENSIDAD DE 8ORRIENTE TENSI[N DEL AR8O EN

8OSTURAS SOLDADAS 8ON PRO8ESO MIG>MAG EN LA

RESISTEN8IA A LA TENSI[N E IMPA8TO DEL A8ERO SAE

@020 T"s(s )&'& o)&' "l (#lo )'o1"s(o$&l !" I$g"$("'o M"c*$(co

T'#(llo P"'7.

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@=. S#*'" 9.2002 ESTUDIO DE LA TEMPERATURA DE

REVENIDO SORE LA TENSI[N M\]IMA TENSI[N DE

9LUEN8IA DU8TILIDAD DUREZA DE LA UNI[N

SOLDADA POR PRO8ESO DE AR8O EL^8TRI8O MANUAL

DEL A8ERO AISI @0;= T"s(s )&'& o)&' "l T(#lo P'o1"s(o$&l !"

I$g"$("'o M"c*$(co T'#(llo P"'7.

@6. V(lc3" J.2002. IN9LUEN8IA DE LOS TIPOS DE

TRATAMIENTO T^RMI8O: TEMPLE DIRE8TO DOLE

TEMPLE APLI8ADOS A PROETAS DE A8ERO SAE @020

SAE 620 8ARURIZADAS EN EL RANGO DE =0 A H=08

SORE LA DUREZA SUPER9I8IAL PRO9UNDIDAD DE

ENDURE8IMIENTO EN LA 8APA 8ARURIZADA

ENDURE8IMIENTO EN EL NU8LEO T"s(s )&'& O)&' "l

T(#lo )'o1"s(o$&l !" I$g"$("'o M"c*$(co T'#(llo P"'7.

@F. A'%&s .2006. IN9LUEN8IA DEL TIEMPO DE

8ARURIZADO 8ON A8ETILENO DEL A8ERO AISI @020

EN LA RESISTEN8IA A LA ARASI[N EL 8OSTO DE

TRATAMIENTO 8OMO ASE PARA EL MANTENIMIENTO

PREVENTIVO T"s(s )&'& o)&' "l T(#lo P'o1"s(o$&l !" I$g"$("'o

M"c*$(co T'#(llo P"'7.

45


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A P E N D I C EM87 2. M3.=.+

D&os !"l M&c3""'o

T()o : 9&''"l

9&-'(c&$": M&$#1&c#'& loc&l.

N#%"'o !" 3o&s %&c3""sB: ;2

9#$c(5$: N(/"l&' + )'")&'&' "l colc35$ !" c&&.

U-(c&c(5$: S"cc(5$ 3o'(o$&l !"l 8o$!#co' !" c&& F.

(s"%& !" &cc(o$&%("$o

Moo': G"$"'&l El"c'(c

Mo!"lo: =M6C=C8@

Po"$c(& !"l %oo': C=0 K)

V"loc(!&! !"l %oo': =H0 ')%.

E" !" M&c3""'o

Ro&c(5$: S(g#("$!o "l 1l#o !" c&&.

D(s)os(c(5$ !" %&c3""s: "$ 1o'%& '&!(&l + o)#"s&.8&$(!&! !" Po'&M&c3""s: 2@

Ro!&%("$os !"l E" M&c3""'o

L&!o 8o)l": S9 2C@C6 88 > 8C CC

L&!o Vol&$": S9 2C@C6 88 > 8C CC

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M&$g#(o: KA C@C;

8&&s So)o'" !" los Ro!&%("$os: K9K SD C@C;

8&$(!&!: 2 #$o )&'& c&!& Ro!&%("$o.

M3.=.+

M&"'(&l: )l&$c3& !" &c"'o SAE @0;= !" _

To&l !" M&c3""s: ;2

R"c#-'(%("$o !" sol!&!#'&: UTP 6F0 !" @> "$ l&s )#$&sB )&'&

'"!#c(' "l !"sg&s".

Al#'& !"l %&c3"" &l 8o$!#co': @H &%&o !" s&l(!& !" l& c&&B

8olc35$ !" c&&: C6 !" &lo %4$(%o. T&%&o !" "$'&!& !" c&&B.

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