Texas History, Chapter 3

NATIVE TEXANS

Early Americans• People migrating to

the Americas from Asia entered Alaska over a land bridge.

• Humans first reached Texas about 11,000 years ago.

Early Americans• One who studies

evidence of past human activities is an archaeologist.

• Culture is the way groups of people express and conduct themselves

Early Americans• People migrated

from Asia to America to follow herds of animals.

• The earliest people in Texas obtained food by hunting big game.

Early Texans• During the Archaic Age,

life in Texas changed as people began to gather food and use tools to prepare the food

• Farming changed the way people lived because it led to more complex societies

Tribes of Texas• Seven different

Native American groups lived in Texas in 1500

• People who trace their descent from their mothers are considered matrilineal.

Tribes of Texas• Kiowas prized

tradition and ceremony above everything else

• A shaman is a person who leads religious ceremonies

Tribes of Texas• Comanche life

centered on hunting and making war on other tribes.

• Because they lived on land that was sought by others, the Wichitas were often at war.

Tribes of Texas• Karankawas lived by

the Gulf of Mexico near present-day Galveston

• The land of the Gulf people was unsuitable for farming, so they hunted and foraged.

Tribes of Texas• Caddos also lived in

East Texas but were relocated to reservations in present-day Oklahoma

• When there was trouble between France and Spain, the Caddos supported France

Tribes of Texas• The Apaches

(Lipans) spent most of their final years at war. They were threatened from the North and South.

Exchange of Ideas• Europeans

brought horses, cows and other animals to the Americas

Exchange of Ideas• Native Americans

taught Europeans how to hunt native animals and how to prepare new foods.

Key Terms• An artifact is an

object made or altered by humans

• An atlatl is a notched throwing stick used to hurl a spear

Key Terms• A trotline is a long

fishing line with several baited hooks.

Key Terms• Adobe is building

material made of sun-dried bricks.

• A tepee is a dwelling made of tanned hides and poles that can be moved.

Chapter 3

Good Luck on Your Test!