TEXTILE

•Textile is a Latin word which refers to Woven Fabrics.

•The term now has a broader meaning and covers materials which are produced by other means , including:

–the interlacing of yarns, such as knitting, lace making and netting;

–other needlework techniques worked through a woven base, such as embroidery and canvas work.

–Some examples of textiles •costume, uniforms;millinery;tapestries;ecclesiastical textiles;carpets and rugs;dolls & soft toys, parasols and fans;patchwork and applique;flags and banners;quilts;needlework;curtains, upholstery;ethnographic textiles;samplers;non-woven materials such as felt,etc.

Textile Process Flow

• Textile Fiber Selection

• Yarn (Spinning)

• Weaving or knitting

• Processing(Dyeing & Printing)

• Finishing

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE TEXTILE FIBERS

C O T T O NL IN E NJU T E

H E M P & R E M IE

V E G E T A B LE(C e llu lo s ic )

W O O LS ILK

A N IM A L(P ro te in )

M E T A L ( Z A R I)

M IN E R A L

N A T U R A L

V IS C O S E R A Y O NM O D A L

L Y O C E LL

S E M I-S Y N T H E T IC(R E G E N E R A T E D )

N Y L O NT E Y L E N E

O R L O N

S Y N T H E T IC

M A N M A D E

T E X T IL E F IB R E S

Yarn

YARN

• Yarn is defined as a linear assemblage of the fibers twisted together.

• The process of making the yarn from a textile fiber is called Spinning

YARN MANUFACTURING PROCESS (Cotton)

• BALE OPENER• MIXING• BLOW-ROOM • CARDING• DRAWING• COMBING • SIMPLEX (ROVING)• SPINNING (RING FRAME)

Bale opener

BALE OPENING

• BALE OPENING or BREAKING:

• The cotton tufts are opened in this process.

• As the cotton arrives in an extremely compressed condition the first operation is to loosen the matted fibers

• The cotton fiber is loosen by means of rotating spiked rollers of the bale opener.

Mixing

Mixing

• This is a process of mixing the same/different category of fibers to get desired properties and cost effectiveness.

• Mixing is done after the study of the essential properties of fiber like staple length,Tensile strength, fineness, uniformity etc.

Blow room

BLOW ROOM

• In this process the cleaning and opening of the cotton is done by beaters and openers.

• The foreign materials like dust particles, seeds of cotton and other impurities are partially removed in this process.

• The cotton tufts are opened and cleaned in this process and the cotton lap is made out.

Carding

CARDING

• Carding is the heart of spinning in this process the minute impurities like small seed particles,immature fibers etc. are removed.

• The straightening and aligning of fibers are done in this process.

• In carding the Blow room lap is attenuated to the card sliver.

Draw Frame

Draw Frame

• Through drafting fibbers get paralleled

• Up to Eight Carded Slivers are fed into the Draw-Frame and they are stretched/Straightened and made into a single sliver.

• Also fiber blending can be done at this stage.

Simplex

Simplex (Roving Frame)

• Further drafting is done here to get the fibers more aligned/paralleled.

• The Sliver from Draw-Frame is thicker and will be difficult to be fed into the Ring-frame as is, hence here the Slivers are stretched and were made thinner by Drafting and mild twisting (so as to strengthen the Roving).

• The End-Product from the Simplex is called as Roving.

Ring Frame

Ring Frame (Spinning)

• The roving is fed into the Ring-frame and is made into yarn by further Drafting & Twisting.

• Basic Functions of Ring Frame • to draft the roving until the required fineness is achieved

• to impart strength to the fiber, by inserting twist.

• Depending upon the yarn count required , the drafting and twisting can be adjusted.

Air Jet loom(Weaving)